Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) is a significant retinal vascular disorder, often secondary to systemic conditions like hypertension and arteriosclerosis, leading to painless visual impairment. In Ayurveda BRVO can be correlated, based on signs and symptoms, with Sannipathika Timira. An 84year old patient presented with sudden, painless diminution of vision. Dilated fundus examination and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) confirmed BRVO with significant macular edema. An Ayurvedic protocol was implemented including internal medication and Kriyakalpas like Sekam, Aschotanam and Bidalakam for a period of 12weeks. Objective improvements were noted in visual acuity, from 2/60 to 6/24 and a significant reduction in central macular thickness on OCT. Subjectively the patient reported enhanced clarity in vision. This case highlights that tailored Ayurvedic management can be a safe and effective alternative or supportive therapy for BRVO, even in geriatric patients where conventional repeat injections may pose challenges.

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BRVO, Sannipthika Thimira, Macular edema, Kriyakalpa

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Freshwater aquaculture plays a vital role in India's food system, nutrient enhancement, and rural livelihoods, particularly in inland districts in Tamil Nadu. The present study aims to assess the marketing strategies adopted by freshwater fish farmers and to evaluate the nutritional health status of major cultured fish species in the Mayiladuthurai district. Primary data were collected from 157 respondents, including fish farmers, market intermediaries, retailers, and consumers, using a structured questionnaire and stratified random sampling techniques. Nutritional analysis was conducted on selected freshwater fish species--Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)--to determine moisture, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and ash content using standard laboratory procedures. The findings reveal that freshwater fish farming in the study area is predominantly polyculture-based, with most produce marketed through retailers and wholesalers due to limited access to cooperatives and direct marketing channels. Post-harvest constraints such as inadequate cold storage and high labour costs significantly influence marketing efficiency. Nutritional analysis indicates that all studied species possess high nutritional value, with Tilapia showing the highest protein content, while Catla offers comparatively higher energy value. The study concludes that improved marketing infrastructure, reduced reliance on intermediaries, and greater awareness of nutritional benefits can strengthen farmers' incomes and ensure the availability of high-quality freshwater fish to consumers. Policy interventions focusing on cooperative marketing, cold storage facilities, and digital platforms are recommended to promote sustainable freshwater aquaculture development in the region.

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Freshwater aquaculture, marketing strategies, nutritional composition, carp culture, Mayiladuthurai District

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The present study aims to develop and standardize a tool to assess the attitude towards E-Resources among XI standard students studying in higher secondary schools. A 55 item likert- type attitude scale was constructed based on an extensive review of related literature, existing tools and consultation with experts in Education, Education Technology, Psychology and ICT. The tool adopts a five-point response format ranging from strongly Agree to strongly Disagree. The reliability of the scale was determined through a pilot study has done with 50 students and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha. A total no of items 55, from these 43 items were retained for the final study. The internal consistency or reliability of this scale is 0.898. The present research discussed to development of the scale to measure the level of attitude towards E-Resources among XI standard students.

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 Keywords

Attitude, E-Resources, ICT in Education, Higher secondary students, Digital learning.

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This study reviews literature on the growing quick-service food delivery (QSFD) segment in Mumbai, focusing on consumer behaviour, platform strategies, cloud kitchen expansion, delivery innovations, and gig workforce implications. The Indian online food delivery industry has witnessed rapid expansion due to increasing urbanization, smartphone penetration, and convenience-driven lifestyles (IMARC, 2024). Mumbai, being a major commercial hub with dense consumption clusters, has emerged as a focal market for players like Zomato and Swiggy (RedSeer, 2024). Findings indicate that while demand and order volume continue to rise, sustainability and profitability remain challenges due to high logistics, marketing, and labour costs (Reuters, 2024).

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Food, Zomato, Innovations

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The present study aims to explore the relationship between self-concept and anxiety among 9th standard students, with the intention of gaining insights that may help in developing effective educational and psychological interventions to enhance students' mental health and academic success. Objectives of the study were (i) to find out the level of self -concept of 9th standard students, (ii) to find out the level of anxiety of 9th standard students and (iii) to find out the relationship between self-concept and anxiety of 9th standard students. The researcher used normative survey method. A sample of 120 9th standard students was used for collecting data. The findings of the study revealed that the level of self-concept and anxiety of 9th standard students is average. The study also showed that there exists a positive relationship between self-concept and anxiety of 9th standard students.

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Relationship, Self-concept, Anxiety, 9th standard students

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ABSTRACT: Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, serves a diverse academic community comprising undergraduate and postgraduate students, research scholars, and faculty members from various disciplines of science, engineering, technology, and management. To meet the evolving academic needs of this community, the university library has made significant investments in digital resources and ICT infrastructure. The availability and effective utilization of e-resources play a crucial role in enhancing teaching quality, improving research output, and increasing overall academic productivity. The rapid expansion of digital information has transformed academic libraries into technology-driven knowledge centers. This study focuses on the e-resources and their usage patterns in the library of Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad. It examines the types of e-resources available, including e-journals, e-books, databases, digital repositories, and open-access materials, and evaluates how effectively they support the teaching, learning, and research needs of students and faculty members. The study highlights user awareness levels, access behaviour, preferred resources, and the role of ICT infrastructure in facilitating digital access. It also identifies challenges such as limited information literacy skills, authentication issues, inadequate promotion, and rising subscription costs. Based on the analysis, the paper proposes strategies for improving the visibility of digital resources, strengthening training programs, optimizing subscriptions through usage statistics, and enhancing off-campus access. The findings emphasize that the effective utilization of e-resources can significantly contribute to academic excellence, research productivity, and the overall quality of library services at VFSTR, Hyderabad.

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KEYWORDS: E resources, Digital Library, Academic Libraries, Electronic Journals, Institutional Repository, Library Services.

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Shaivism has played a foundational role in shaping the religious landscape, cultural ethos, and architectural traditions of Bengal from ancient times through the early medieval period. The region, encompassing present-day West Bengal and Bangladesh, emerged as a significant centre of Shaiva worship, as evidenced by archaeological remains, epigraphic records, literary references, and living ritual traditions. Ancient Shaivite temples of Bengal were not merely sacred spaces for ritual worship but also functioned as nuclei of social organization, artistic expression, economic activity, and cultural continuity. This paper undertakes a comprehensive historical and archaeological investigation of the ancient Shaivite temples of Bengal, focusing on their origin, spatial distribution, architectural forms, ritual practices, and cultural significance. Special attention is given to the distinctive regional adaptations of Shaiva temple architecture, particularly the Rekha Deul tradition and the extensive use of brick and terracotta, which reflect both environmental constraints and indigenous creativity. The study also situates Shaivism within the broader religious milieu of Bengal, highlighting its interaction with Buddhism, Vaishnavism, and Shakta-Tantric traditions. Methodologically, the paper integrates literary analysis, epigraphic study, archaeological evidence, and historiographical review to present a nuanced understanding of Shaivism as a dynamic and evolving tradition rather than a monolithic religious system. By examining major temple sites such as Jatar Deul, Ichhai Ghosher Deul, and Tarakeswar, the paper demonstrates how Shaivite temples contributed to the formation of Bengal's regional identity and sustained popular religious life over centuries. The study further addresses the heritage value of these temples and critically examines contemporary challenges related to conservation, neglect, and environmental degradation. It argues that the preservation of ancient Shaivite temples is essential not only for reconstructing Bengal's early history but also for safeguarding the pluralistic and syncretic cultural legacy of eastern India.

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Shaivism, Bengal, Temple Architecture, Rekha Deul, Shaiva Heritage, Early Medieval India

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'Existentialism' is basically the philosophy of common people. This type of philosophy has been developed by focusing on the various problems of human life. Currently, my main topic of discussion in this essay is how the existentialist philosopher Martin Heidegger describes the individual. A review of Martin Heidegger's philosophy shows that the main problem in his famous book 'Being and Time' (Sein und Zeit) is the focus on the individual and in this book he refers to the individual as 'Dasein'. Although he recognized the importance of other animals living in the world, he gave the highest place to man. Because, according to him, that man has the possibility by which he can raise questions about his own existence. While discussing about man, Heidegger mentions three characteristics of man, there are- 1) Existenz, 2) Facticity and 3) Fallenness. The main purpose of his philosophy is to show how a person can be called an ideal person by living his life. And discussing it, the concept of individual freedom and death is very important. Heidegger says that the individual is familiar with the world through a certain mood, he says this mood is 'Angst' or 'Dread'. Heidegger believes that through this angst the individual realizes his freedom. The question that naturally arises is, does death have any role in realizing this freedom? According to him, through death that one becomes self-aware or comes to know one's true nature. And Only when a person faces the truth he can realize his true freedom.

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Dasein, Facticity, Existenz, Authentic Existenz, Inauthentic Existenz, Freedom, Fallenness, Angst, Death

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The institution of Nyibu constitutes the core of religious authority and ritual life among the Tagin community of Arunachal Pradesh. Nyibus function as priest-shamans who mediate between humans and the spirit world, ensuring cosmological balance through ritual performances, divination, healing, and sacrificial rites. This paper examines the institution of Nyibu by analysing its types, roles, and sources of religious authority within Tagin society. It identifies different categories of Nyibu based on ritual specialization, spiritual competence, and modes of knowledge transmission, including apprenticeship, hereditary succession, and spiritual calling. The study further explores the multifaceted roles of Nyibu in life-cycle ceremonies, agricultural rituals, conflict resolution, and community well-being. Religious authority among Nyibus is legitimized through ritual expertise, mastery of sacred chants, adherence to taboos, and collective recognition by the community. By situating the Nyibu institution within the broader Tagin cosmological framework, the paper contributes to the anthropological understanding of indigenous priesthood and shamanic traditions in Northeast India, highlighting their continued relevance amid socio-cultural change.

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Nyibu, role, preserver, knowledge, healer.

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Background: Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder often found in children. It interferes with social, academic and occupational functioning and it is characterized by in-attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. While ADHD symptoms typically emerge in preschool or early years of life. In Ayurvedic text disorders related to psychiatric and behavioral disturbances are discussed under the chapter of Unmada, the sign and symptoms of ADHD are co-related with Unmada. It is primarily associated with Vata imbalance, leading to hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. As per the Ayurvedic treatment protocol for vata imbalance like Kosthashodhana, Basti, Shirodhara and Nasya, Viddhakarma were followed and before, after treatment and during follow ups assessment of patient was carried out. And found that the given treatment was effective in the management of ADHD. Materials and Methods: The study involved the holistic treatment approach based on Ayurvedic text by using Medhya rasayana, Panchakarma procedures, and Viddhakarma depending upon the predominance of Doshas in the patient of ADHD of age 7 years old male child and the result was monitored. Result: The planned treatment showed benefits in reducing ADHD symptoms in the treated child, as evidenced by improvements noted on the ADHD rating scale. Discussion: Apart from the modern diagnosis like ADHD, Ayurvedic modality of the treatment helped in balance Vata and Pitta doshas. These interventions improved behaviour, and maintain emotional stability without side effects. Ayurveda provides a holistic and natural approach to managing ADHD, offering an effective alternative to conventional treatments. Key Words: ADHD, Viddhakarma, Panchakarma, Ayurveda interventions.

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adhd

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