Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Environmental degradation, climate change, and ecological imbalance have emerged as defining challenges of the modern age, compelling scholars across disciplines to re-examine humanity's relationship with nature. In literary studies, eco-criticism has developed as a critical framework that interrogates how literature represents the natural world and critiques anthropocentric ideologies that justify environmental exploitation. Long before the formal emergence of eco-criticism in Western literary discourse during the late twentieth century, ecological consciousness had already been articulated in indigenous philosophies and spiritual traditions. One such remarkable yet underexplored figure is Guru Jambheshwar (1451-1536), the founder of the Bishnoi community in India, whose teachings present a deeply ethical, spiritual, and practical approach to environmental conservation. This comparative study seeks to examine Guru Jambheshwar's ecological teachings alongside the principles of modern eco-criticism in English literature, highlighting their convergences, divergences, and contemporary relevance. Guru Jambheshwar's teachings, encapsulated in his twenty-nine commandments, advocate for the protection of flora and fauna, sustainable use of natural resources, non-violence toward all living beings, and harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. These principles are not merely symbolic or metaphysical but are grounded in daily practices such as conservation of water, protection of trees, and compassion toward animals. His philosophy situates nature as sacred, intrinsically valuable, and morally significant, thereby challenging human-centered worldviews centuries before ecological ethics became a subject of academic inquiry. The Bishnoi tradition, inspired by Guru Jambheshwar, exemplifies an eco-centric worldview in which environmental stewardship is inseparable from spiritual and social responsibility. Modern eco-criticism in English literature, as developed by scholars such as Cheryll Glotfelty, Lawrence Buell, and Jonathan Bate, similarly critiques anthropocentrism and emphasizes the interconnectedness of human and non-human life. Eco-critical readings of literary texts explore how narratives reflect environmental exploitation, ecological loss, and the ethical implications of industrialization and colonial expansion. Works by Romantic poets like William Wordsworth and John Keats, as well as contemporary writers such as Margaret Atwood and Amitav Ghosh, reveal a growing literary awareness of ecological fragility and the consequences of human dominance over nature. Eco-criticism thus functions both as a mode of literary analysis and as a cultural intervention that seeks to reshape environmental consciousness.

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 Keywords

Guru Jambheshwar, Bishnoi philosophy, environmental ethics, eco-criticism, English literature, ecological consciousness, nature spirituality, sustainability, biodiversity conservation, non-violence, anthropocentrism, eco-centrism, indigenous wisdom, environmental humanities, green criticism, literary ecology, nature-culture relationship, sacred ecology, environmental justice, climate awareness, sustainable living, moral ecology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents CodeSync, a real-time collaborative code editor designed to facilitate synchronous code editing and execution directly in the browser. The platform enables mul- tiple users to work on the same codebase simultaneously, with instant updates powered by WebSocket communication and Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs). Built using technologies such as Next.js, Node.js, and Docker, CodeSync offers a seamless and respon- sive development experience without requiring any software installation. Users can write and execute code in multiple programming languages within isolated Docker containers, ensuring both security and scalability. This project aims to address the growing demand for cloud-based, collaborative development environments--especially in contexts like remote education, technical interviews, and distributed software teams. CodeSync stands out for its lightweight architecture, interactive interface, and robust backend infrastructure that together make collaborative programming efficient, accessible, and user-friendly.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Real-time collaboration, WebSocket, Collaborative code editor, Docker, Browser-based IDE, CodeSync, Monaco editor, Full stack development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. called R.W. Emerson's 1837 "The American Scholar" as "our intellectual Declaration of Independence"(Holmes, 115) and since its first publication in 1884 on the biography of Emerson, it has become a sort of objective correlative for the oration itself, used by every critics, theorists, editors and historians, as a way, somehow, to suggest the connotation and implication of the oration. But it is exorbitant to say that the phrase "our intellectual Declaration of Independence" has achieved the rank of critical euphemism, a phrase that has been overused to the point of being futile, pointless and unimportant". The American scholar", much like the oration itself, has come to occupy a kind of acontextual limboland where meaning is compromised if not lost altogether" (ESQ 37). What Holmes said to equip his depiction was this, "Nothing like it had been heard in the halls of Harvard since Samuel Adams supported the affirmative of the question, 'Whether it be lawful to trust the chief magistrate, if the commonwealth cannot otherwise be preserved.'"(Beach 24)

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radical, declaration, oration, crisis, hopelessness

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This research paper is related to children, so that if a disease like COVID-19 andensure their well-being. Maintaining personal hygiene is crucial for overall health, and healthchildren are the building blocks of healthy society. This study aims to promote hygiene awareness and knowledge among children, empowering them to lead healthier lives. For the study a sample of children for this research was drown from five private and government schools in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. Using systematic random sampling, data was collected. The data for this study was collected in June 2025, the self-administered questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The study reveals that while most children appreciate hygiene, those from low-Income families, face some challenges in maintaining hygiene. Concluding for the study, Hygiene is significantly associated with increased children's knowledge andawareness. These findings provide insights into the effectiveness of health education duringthe pandemic and offer guidance for future preparedness.

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Children, Knowledge, COVID-19, Hygiene, Awareness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India attained independence after a prolonged struggle marked by sacrifices of the countless freedom fighters who selflessly devoted their lives to the nation. Although the list of such leaders is extensive, the paper confines itself to a comparative analysis of two prominent figures- Mahatma Gandhi and Bhagat Singh. Both were leaders of exceptional stature and commitment, yet they represented sharply contrasting world views and ideological approaches. While their ultimate objective- the liberation of India from colonial rule was identical, the means they advocated to achieve this goal differed fundamentally. These divergent strategies and philosophies not only reflected their distinct ideological orientations but also at times generated intense debate and disagreement within the national movement. One such controversy centres on Mahatma Gandhi's and Indian National Congress alleged failure to prevent the execution of Bhagat Singh despite Gandhi commanding considerable moral authority and political influence with British Government. This issue has generated sustained debate among scholars and has also been examined in the present study.

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Divergent ideologies, Revolutionary, Non Violent Resistance, Colonial Tyranny, Controversy

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The Emotional Language of Space: A Study of Multisensory Design and User Perception in Interior Spaces examines how interiors speak to us emotionally through our senses. The study looks at visual cues such as color, light, and form; tactile qualities like materials and textures; olfactory signals through scent; and auditory experiences shaped by soundscapes. Together, these elements were explored to see how they influence emotions across different age groups and cultural contexts. A qualitative-first survey was conducted with 64 participants, using scenario-based prompts that asked them to imagine and describe how they would feel in spaces with specific sensory conditions--for example, natural sunlight, warm lighting, soft music, pleasant fragrances, or textured surfaces. Responses were examined using descriptive statistics and thematic interpretation to identify common emotional patterns. The findings highlight light as the strongest mood-setter: natural sunlight was almost universally associated with freshness and positivity, while warm light conveyed comfort and coziness. Sound shapes feelings of comfort, with noise increasing stress and soft music encouraging relaxation. Scent emerged as a subtle but powerful mood shaper, especially when matched to the function of a space. Textures also mattered, though reactions varied-- smooth surfaces were often seen as calming, while rough textures were described as either natural and grounding or uncomfortable. Most importantly, spaces where light, sound, and scent worked in harmony created the most positive emotional responses, whereas mismatched combinations caused unease. Age-related differences were also noted, with younger participants favoring brighter light and energy, and older participants showing more comfort with softer lighting and calming scents. The study concludes that interiors are not just visual environments but multisensory experiences. By weaving together light, sound, scent, and texture, designers can move beyond aesthetics to create spaces that feel emotionally supportive, engaging, and inclusive of different generational perspectives.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Multisensory design; Interior spaces; Emotional perception; User experience; Color and lighting; Soundscapes; Olfactory cues; Cultural influence

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Adenoid hypertrophy is a common pediatric condition leading to chronic nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, and recurrent respiratory infections. In cases with persistent or severe symptoms, adenoidectomy is often recommended; however, established non-surgical conservative management options remain limited. A 7-year-old male child presented with chronic nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections for two years. Clinical and radiological evaluation confirmed adenoid hypertrophy. The condition was interpreted as a Kapha-pradhana Urdhva Jatrugata Vyadhi in Ayurveda. The patient was managed with a structured Ayurvedic treatment protocol consisting of internal medications, Nasya Karma, and dietary modifications for twelve weeks. Marked improvement was observed in nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, and sleep quality. Radiological assessment showed reduction in adenoid size. No adverse events were reported. This case highlights the potential role of Ayurvedic management as a safe and effective conservative management option for adenoid hypertrophy in children.

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Adenoid hypertrophy, Urdhva Jatrugata Vyadhi, Adenoidectomy, Nasya Karma

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Rajonivrtti is a natural, age-related physiological transition characterized by the permanent cessation of menstruation, usually occurring between 45 and 55 years of age. In modern medicine, menopause is attributed to depletion of ovarian follicles and decline in oestrogen levels, leading to various vasomotor, psychological, urogenital and metabolic symptoms. Ayurveda describes this phase as Rajonivrtti, a Swabhavika Kalaja Avastha occurring due to Jara and progressive Dhatu kshaya. Although not considered a disease entity, Rajonivrtti is associated with multiple distressing manifestations primarily due to Vata dosha predominance and imbalance of Raja and Tama guna. Ayurveda emphasizes a holistic and preventive approach to ensure healthy aging during menopause. Management is aimed at Vata-shamana, Dhatu-poshana and enhancement of Satva through appropriate Ahara, Vihara, Rasayana therapy, Panchakarma, Yogasana and Sattvavajaya Chikitsa. Rasayana drugs help in delaying degeneration, improving immunity and maintaining physical and mental strength, while Panchakarma procedures-especially Basti-play an important role in correcting Vata imbalance. Yogic practices and Sattvavajaya Chikitsa contribute significantly to psychological well-being by reducing stress, anxiety and sleep disturbances. This review aims to compile classical Ayurvedic concepts of Rajonivrtti, correlate them with modern understanding of menopause and highlight the role of Ayurveda in promoting healthy aging and improving quality of life in menopausal women through a comprehensive, safe and integrative approach.

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Rajonivrtti, Menopause, Healthy Aging, Rasayana, Vata.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Guru Gobind Singh Ji was more than just a story. One of Guru Gobind Singh's most exquisite compositions, Zafarnamah - A Letter of Victory, is a remarkable masterpiece that promotes moral and spiritual stability. It essentially emphasises that fighting isn't only about gaining control of territory and power--it's also for bringing change throughout human history. This is one of the biggest lessons that squeezed out from Zafarnamah -A letter of victory. The goal of the current study is to analyse Guru Gobind Singh's idea of good governance in the context of Sikh ethics and the teachings of his forebear Sikh Gurus, with a focus on Zafarnamah. Guru Gobind Singh harshly criticised the cruel, unjust, and cold-blooded Mughal emperor Aurungzeb in the Zafarnamah (a letter of triumph). He begged him to adhere to the Holy Quran's teachings and to treat everyone with fairness, compassion, and understanding, even non-Muslims. He wished for political leaders and administrative officials to be spiritually minded, enlightened, devout, truthful, virtuous, ethical, compassionate, altruistic, and responsible.

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 Keywords

Zafarnamah, Spiritual and Moral stability, Change, Vision, Governance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition