Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

This scholarly article investigates the enduring nature and evolution of transnational networks among the Zo (Chin-Mizo-Kuki) ethnic groups dispersed across India, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. By contextualizing contemporary mobilizations within an extensive historical framework, it posits that notwithstanding the stringent international borders established through colonial and post-colonial delineations, Zo ethnic cohesion has persisted through complex social, cultural, spiritual, and institutional networks. Utilizing a diverse array of archival documents, historical narratives, media resources, and field-based testimonies, the article elucidates how colonial strategies--from the Pemberton Line to the boundary settlements of the partition era--disrupted Zo ancestral lands and redefined a historically cohesive community into citizens of disparate nation-states. The investigation underscores two principal modalities through which transnational connections are maintained. Firstly, institutional networks--comprising churches, student organizations, civil society entities, and pan-ethnic platforms such as the Zo Reunification Organization (ZORO)--facilitate the mediation of collective memory, political imagination, and ethnic solidarity across national boundaries. Secondly, personal and cultural media, encompassing novellas, musical compositions, song lyrics, and oral histories, serve as emotive conduits that preserve shared narratives and a sense of belonging beyond the confines of state boundaries. By emphasizing these "non-state" forms of connectivity, the article interrogates state-centric perceptions of borders and illustrates how borderland communities actively reinterpret and negotiate the realities of division. It concludes that while transnational Zo networks continue to transform--occasionally engendering tensions and contradictions--they remain pivotal in upholding ethnic identity and social cohesion within a fragmented political context.

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 Keywords

Trans-border ethnic networks, Zo (Chin-Mizo-Kuki) identity, Colonial boundary-making, Borderland solidarity, Cultural and spiritual networks, Zo Reunification Organization (ZORO)

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This detailed research article explores how teacher education and AI work together to change the way education is implemented in India and to show how AI can be effectively implemented to address India's critical structural issues, particularly the growing crisis of teacher shortages [7][8] and the ambitious education reforms called for by the National Education Policy 2020. This research article compiles and summarizes recent empirical evidence from multiple sources, including national surveys and government studies, to chart the increasing but inconsistent rate of AI adoption in Indian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and K-12 schools, where AI is rapidly being integrated into students' and teachers' daily lives [4]. In addition, results show that while more than 50 percent of Indian HEIs have adopted AI policies at the institutional level [8], the process of integrating AI has presented numerous difficulties, such as long-standing technology and infrastructure barriers [7], ethical considerations related to data use and algorithmic bias [9], and a significant lag in comprehensive teacher training and professional development [3][4]. Utilizing UTAUT, the paper states that the success of integrating AI into teacher training in India is contingent on implementing an integrated approach, rather than simply putting the technology into place. The integrated approach must provide student learning solutions that take into account the local context and vernacular language, employ ethical capabilities through technology literacy at all levels, and create an effective and comprehensive policy framework that supports India's social and economic realities as well as its vision to prepare a future workforce. The paper finishes with actions based on evidence and suggestions regarding the creation of a multi-participant approach to leveraging artificial intelligence for supporting and creating equal, resilient and prepared teacher populations in India.

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 Keywords

AI, teacher education, NEP 2020, India, teacher shortages, AI ethics, personalized learning, digital divide, UTAUT model.

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Caring has often been understood as a private, emotional, or even passive disposition--frequently associated with women and therefore historically undervalued in philosophical, political, and ethical discourse. Strength and power, by contrast, have been framed in terms of autonomy, rational control, domination, or independence. This dichotomy has led to a persistent undervaluation of caring as a moral and human capacity. This paper argues that caring, properly understood, is not a weakness but a profound form of strength and power. By investigating the real form of caring that we approve as strength in women--and in human beings more broadly--this paper seeks to re conceptualize power itself as relational, moral, and sustaining rather than merely coercive or self-assertive.

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Care, Strength, Power, Morality, Feminism, Autonomy, Reason, Ethical Agency

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The participation of women in paid employment has increased substantially in urban India; however, working mothers continue to experience significant challenges in balancing professional and family responsibilities. The present study examines the relationship between work-life balance and mental well-being among working mothers in urban India from a sociological perspective. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from 100 working mothers employed in government and private sectors using a structured questionnaire. The findings reveal that long working hours, domestic workload, limited workplace support, and persistent gender norms contribute to work-life imbalance and adversely affect mental well-being. The study highlights the need for supportive workplace policies, equitable distribution of household responsibilities, and social awareness to promote the mental well-being of working mothers.

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Keywords: Work-Life Balance, Mental Well-Being, Working Mothers, Gender Roles, Urban India

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Recent diffusion-based image generation models have demonstrated strong capabilities in visual synthesis tasks but remain difficult to deploy locally due to high memory consumption and inference latency. This work presents Spatiora, a resource-efficient diffusion-based image generation framework designed for local deployment on consumer-grade hardware. The system integrates a pretrained Stable Diffusion backbone with dynamically switchable Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) adapters, enabling multiple task-specific generation modes--such as interior visualization and 2D floorplan synthesis--within a single shared inference pipeline. To improve user interactivity, a streaming inference mechanism is employed to progressively deliver generated outputs, reducing perceived latency during generation. The proposed architecture minimizes GPU memory overhead by loading only the required LoRA adapter at runtime while maintaining task-specific output quality. Experimental observations indicate that the system operates within constrained memory limits while supporting multi-task image synthesis. The results demonstrate the feasibility of deploying diffusion-based generative models locally in a memory-efficient and interactive manner, making the approach suitable for privacy-preserving and resource-constrained design applications.

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Diffusion models, Stable Diffusion, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), resource-efficient deployment, streaming inference, local image synthesis

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Study was taken up to document consist the distribution of the ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups in a random sample of College students from Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Government Arts College for Women, Namakkal to understand the basic concept of the ABO blood group system of around 600 students through a survey. Among the 600 samples, 222 (37%) samples were showed O +ve .which showed highest rate of available blood group . The next highest available rate is B+ve 216 samples (36.5%). But in controversy B -ve and AB-ve showed only 2 samples each (0.33 %). Interestingly only one sample showed A1B+ve (0.16%) and another one A2B+ve (0.16%) result. This is rare blood group. This result mentioned that in case of emergency, the availability chance is very less for B -ve, A1B+ve and A2B+ve blood groups. We can easily get the O +ve and B+ve blood group. A+ve gives the Moderate result like 92 samples (15.33%). Apart from the above mentioned blood groups , remains blood group also showed very rare and less availability like A1-ve (05.%), A1+ve (1.16%), O-ve (1%) and A-ve (1.33%). But there is no specific changes in their immunity as well as biological significance.

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ABO blood group, Rh typing, distribution pattern

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Leishmaniasis, which manifests as visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous forms with considerable morbidity and death in endemic areas, is still one of the most neglected tropical illnesses (Alvar et al., 2012). Elimination goals are still hampered by chemotherapy limitations, developing drug resistance, toxicity, and the lack of a human vaccine, despite decades of control efforts (Kaye & Scott, 2011). While marine environments have become a viable source of structurally unique bioactive chemicals with antileishmanial potential, recent developments in immunobiology have improved our understanding of host-parasite interactions (Sacks & Noben-Trauth, 2002). This review incorporates recent advancements in marine-derived therapies and vaccine development, as well as important immunological pathways underpinning illness progression and protection. Multidisciplinary approaches combining immunology and marine natural product chemistry, and systems biology to address existing research gaps and enable sustainable control of leishmaniasis.

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Leishmaniasis, Kala azar, Phlebotomine sandflies , Visceral leishmaniasis , Cutaneous leishmaniasis , Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Marine Bioactives

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Anita Desai, one of the most prominent novelists of the 20th century in Indian English literature, deals with the socio-cultural situation of the time from her own perspective. She believes that the issues related to human life can be resolved if the persons give more emphasis on human values with a positive outlook. This new perspective is related with the exposition of human relationship in the fictional world of the novelist. Perhaps the readers may get a glimpse of her approach that almost all of her works deal with aspects of human relationship - the relationship two human beings or the relationship between individuals and family or the relationship between one individual and society where he/she lives in. Perhaps Anita Desai has framed her own philosophy on that dimension of human relationship which is expected to be based on some fine human values - values essential for a healthy social living, values which are gradually eroding and the absence of such values causes the deterioration of man as an individual and his relation with other individual member of the society. Perhaps the emphasis on the distorted mentality of the characters, the imbalanced behaviors and the unexpected tainted relationship on the part of the novelist has been indicating her painful urge for a more fruitful and better human life. In the study from this perspective the novel, "Clear Light of Day" has been critically analysed. An attempt has been also made to reveal that unexplored psychic human troubles specially of the women section which indicate the erosion of human values which are required to be overcome in order to lead a better expected life and to establish a better society.In the present confused society Anita Desai may indicate a way-out with her own perspectives.

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Human values, Deterioration, Troubles, Emphasis, Relationship, Better.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pol houses in Ahmedabad embody a distinctive vernacular architecture that harmoniously integrates cultural heritage, climatic adaptation, and artisanal building techniques. These structures, typically featuring load-bearing masonry walls, timber frameworks, and central courtyards, preserve profound historical significance yet present formidable obstacles to contemporary adaptation. Challenges such as timber decay, irregular load distribution, and diminished natural ventilation complicate the incorporation of modern amenities without eroding their authentic character. Meanwhile, escalating requirements for services like plumbing, electrical systems, and HVAC demand inventive strategies that prioritize compatibility and reversibility. This study systematically analyses these structural and material limitations, alongside diagnostic methods and intervention approaches that uphold conservation ethics. Ultimately, it demonstrates how adaptive reuse can sustain the cultural essence of Pol houses while ensuring functional viability for modern use, thus promoting enduring heritage preservation.

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Adaptive reuse, Heritage authenticity, Timber degradation, Load paths, Passive ventilation, Reversible interventions, Service integration, Material compatibility, Diagnostic methods, Cultural continuity.

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