Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

People often call Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice (1813) a domestic romance, but this paper says that it is actually a complex feminist critique of the patriarchal social structures of Regency England. This study looks at the many different roles women play in the novel and how Austen shows the economic, legal, and educational limits that are put on them. Austen's character Elizabeth Bennet is a proto-feminist who uses her intelligence, moral independence, and refusal to see marriage as a business deal to challenge strict gender roles. The study also looks at the difference between practical, loveless marriages and the equal partnership between Elizabeth and Darcy. It suggests that Austen redefines marriage as a relationship based on respect and intellectual equality. This analysis shows that Austen's writing connects Mary Wollstonecraft's Enlightenment feminism with modern feminist thought.

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 Keywords

Feminism, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen, Elizabeth Bennet, Patriarchy, Marriage, Agency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract The Varman Dynasty (c.350-650 CE) was the first historically documented dynasty of the ancient Kamarupa kingdom in present-day Assam. Founded by Pushyavarman, a contemporary of the Gupta emperor Samudragupta, the dynasty marked the transition of the region from mythological accounts to verified historical records. Initially subordinates to the Gupta Empire, the Varmans asserted their independence during the reign of Mahendravarman (c. 470-494 CE), who performed two Ashvamedha (horse) sacrifices to signify his sovereignty. The dynasty reached its political and cultural zenith under its last and most illustrious ruler, Kumar Bhaskaravarman (c. 600-650 CE), who formed a strategic alliance with King Harshavardhana of Kanauj to defeat Shashanka of Gauda. The Varman dynasty ruled from Pragjyotishpura, located near modern-day Guwahati. The dynasty promoted Sanskrit literature and Brahmanical traditions while integrating local tribal elements. It eventually ended around 650 CE without a clear heir, leading to the rise of the Mlechchha dynasty. The Chinese traveller Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) visited his court in 643 CE, leaving detailed descriptions of the region's learning, administration, as well as religious pluralism. In this paper it has been tried to explore relevance of the political and cultural development by the Varman Dynasty.

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 Keywords

Varman Dynasty, Culture, politics Assam etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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DDoS attacks have become a significant risk to the safety and performance of Internet of Things (IoT) networks that usually result in the overloading of the network, failure of services, and even data breaches. The study presents a new architecture in the field of deep ensemble learning to enhance the process of identifying DDoS attacks in IoT networks. Multiple classifiers were combined into one in the proposed model by Stacking Classifier that includes Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Naive Bayes (NB). It also employs a Voting Classifier which is based on Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and AdaBoost. Moreover, a TPOT Classifier is utilized to automate the optimization of the machine learning pipeline, simplifying the procedure without the need to do it manually. Pruning strategies are used to eliminate less important classifiers to make the model more resource-saving, particularly in the case of an IoT network with limited computing capabilities. Network flow metrics, including the number of packets in a flow, the duration of flows and inter-arrival time are used to train and test the model and differentiate between regular and DDoS attack patterns.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

DDoS attack detection, Internet of Things, deep ensemble learning, pruning, Stacking Classifier, Voting Classifier, TPOT Classifier, machine learning, network security, feature extraction, computational efficiency, scale.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bromelain is a group of proteolytic enzymes predominantly found in pineapple (Ananas comosus), especially in its waste parts such as the stem, peel, and core. This study focuses on the extraction of bromelain from pineapple waste, promoting a sustainable method of utilizing agricultural by-products. Pineapple processing generates large quantities of waste, which are often discarded, contributing to environmental pollution. By this extraction of bromelain, a valuable enzyme is recovered and waste disposal issue is mitigated. The extraction process uses protein precipitation and the crude extract is then evaluated for enzyme activity. This research highlights the potential of pineapple waste as an abundant and renewable source of bromelain. Factors such as pH, temperature, and solvent concentration were optimized to enhance enzyme yield and activity. This study demonstrates that bromelain can be efficiently extracted from pineapple waste, offering an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional sources.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bromelain, pineapple waste, enzyme extraction, protein quantification, sustainable bioprocess.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ICT in Education; Physics Pedagogy; Conceptual Understanding; Learner Engagement; Digital Learning Tools

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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For more than a century, jobs have served as the primary unit of work, shaping organizational structures, career paths, and reward systems. While effective in stable environments, this job-centric model is increasingly misaligned with today's dynamic, digital, and skills-intensive context. This article examines the limitations of traditional job-based work and argues for a transition toward skills-based organizations. It explores the principles, cultural implications, and practical pathways of adopting a skills-led approach, and introduces skill velocity as a critical factor in enabling agility, equity, and long-term workforce resilience.

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 Keywords

Human Resource Management (HRM), HR Strategy, Skill Mapping, Talent Development, Succession Planning, Employee Retention, Employee Engagement, Performance Management, HR Best Practices

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's increasingly volatile financial landscape, organizations are turning to business intelligence (BI) tools such as Microsoft Power BI to enhance their strategic financial planning capabilities. This review synthesizes current literature, theoretical models, and experimental results to present a Power BI-driven Decision Support Framework tailored for strategic financial planning. The model integrates core functionalities of Power BI--including real-time dashboards, predictive analytics, and data integration--to streamline decision-making processes across the financial value chain. Empirical evidence supports Power BI's effectiveness in improving forecast accuracy, reducing planning cycles, and enhancing decision lead time. However, challenges persist regarding data governance, system integration, and skill gaps. This paper concludes by highlighting future research directions, emphasizing the role of artificial intelligence, deeper machine learning integration, and collaborative financial intelligence systems. The review provides a roadmap for academics and practitioners seeking to optimize strategic financial outcomes using data-driven approaches.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Power BI; Strategic Financial Planning; Business Intelligence; Decision Support Systems; Forecasting; Predictive Analytics; Data Visualization; Financial Technology; Budgeting; Performance Monitoring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The posa system was introduced by Ahoms during the reign of King Pratap Singha to reconcile the hill tribes living on the frontier of their kingdom, which was later on continued by the British Government after its annexation of Assam in 1826, with substantial changes. The posa was paid in terms of articles that were not available in the hills. For this purpose, the Ahom kings used to assign some paiks or sections of the Assamese cultivators, to take responsibility for posa payment. The British government stopped the direct collection of the dues by the tribes themselves from the ryots for it sometimes led to disagreement; instead, began to pay them some cash. This arrangement cut off direct contact between the ryots and the tribes. The British used the posa as means and tools to pressurize the Aka offenders to surrender to the authority whenever the latter created outrages in their territory.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Posa, Blocked, Duars, Raids, Ryots, Paiks, Aka, Outrages, Expedition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines online personal care product shopping behaviour through cross-tabulation analysis of 652 Gujarat millennials. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaires using Excel and SPSS for descriptive analysis. Younger cohort shows highest purchase frequency while self-employed and service professionals lead due to occupational flexibility. Females dominate both frequent and rare purchases, favouring Nykaa. Amazon maintains universal dominance across demographics. Value factors--discounts, reviews, pricing--drive decisions, with skincare leading. Findings recommend Amazon-centric youth campaigns, gender-specific platforms, and occupation-tailored promotions to optimise conversions in this digitally active regional market.This study examines online personal care product shopping behaviour through cross-tabulation analysis of 652 Gujarat millennials. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaires using Excel and SPSS for descriptive analysis. Younger cohort shows highest purchase frequency while self-employed and service professionals lead due to occupational flexibility. Females dominate both frequent and rare purchases, favouring Nykaa. Amazon maintains universal dominance across demographics. Value factors--discounts, reviews, pricing--drive decisions, with skincare leading. Findings recommend Amazon-centric youth campaigns, gender-specific platforms, and occupation-tailored promotions to optimise conversions in this digitally active regional market.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Personal care Products, Online shopping, Millennials

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Assessing language competency is a crucial component of the educational process, particularly at the middle stage, when learners undergo significant linguistic and cognitive development. In the Indian context, Hindi occupies a central position as both a major language and a medium of instruction in many schools, making the assessment of Hindi language competencies an important academic concern. The present study focuses on the development and validation of assessment rubrics for evaluating Hindi language competencies of middle-stage students, with specific reference to the four core language skills--Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing (LSRW). The study adopts a developmental and descriptive research approach. A comprehensive review of literature was followed by expert consultations to identify relevant dimensions and indicators for each language skill. Initially, forty indicators were proposed and subjected to content validation using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) technique with the help of ten subject experts from the fields of education, linguistics, Hindi pedagogy, and school teaching. Based on CVR analysis, the rubric was refined to twenty-three essential indicators across the four language skills. The reliability of the finalized rubric was established using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded a value of 0.837, indicating high internal consistency. The finalized rubric was pilot tested on a sample of fifty eighth-grade students from Kendriya Vidyalaya, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, using a self-developed Hindi Language Competency Test. The findings suggest that the rubric is a reliable, valid, and practical tool for assessing Hindi language competencies in a systematic and objective manner. The study highlights the usefulness of rubric-based, competency-oriented assessment in identifying students' strengths and areas for improvement. Aligned with the objectives of the National Education Policy 2020, the developed rubrics support continuous assessment, learner-centered evaluation, and qualitative improvement in Hindi language teaching and learning at the middle stage.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hindi Language Competencies, Rubrics, LSRW Skills, Middle Stage Education, NEP 2020

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition