Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Abstract Efficient water management is crucial for sustainable agriculture, especially in regions facing water scarcity. This paper presents a smart irrigation system that leverages wireless sensor networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to optimize water usage in agricultural practices. The proposed system integrates various sensors and IoT devices to monitor soil moisture levels, weather conditions, and crop health, providing real-time data to manage irrigation processes more effectively. Agriculture is one of the industries which have recently diverted their attention to wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in monitoring agriculture and collecting data such as agricultural irrigation, fertilization, pest control, greenhouse cultivation, and livestock breeding. This paper presents a primer on the applications of wireless sensor networks technology in agriculture. Keywords: Precision Agriculture, Green/Sustainable Agriculture, Digital Agriculture, Smart Agriculture. An IoT sensor, short for Internet of Things sensor, is a mechanism embedded in a physical device to collect data from its surrounding environment. These sensors transfer the gathered data to other devices or systems over the internet. Various sensor types, such as pressure, temperature, sound sensors, etc. collect data in diverse environments. The effectiveness of these sensors depends on their type and quality, making them suitable for different applications. In order to resolve the problems which include loss of soil fertility and waste of water resource in agriculture production, we design an intelligent irrigation system based on wireless sensor networks and fuzzy control. The system mainly consists of wireless sensor networks and the monitoring center. All of the nodes in Monitoring area use solar power collect the information of soil moisture, together with the growth information of different crops in different periods. Soil moisture content deviation and the rate of change of deviation are taken as input variables of fuzzy controller, and the fuzzy control regular database is established for the fuzzy irrigation control system. The monitoring center receives the data transmission from wireless sensor network node, and output information of irrigation water demands to the relay via a wireless sensor network to control opening and closing time of the valve in crop areas. The experimental results show that the system has a stable and reliable data transmission, which achieve real-time monitoring of soil on crop growth, give a right amount of irrigation based on crops growth information, which has broad application prospects.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Smart Irrigation, Agriculture Technology, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Internet of Things (IoT), Soil Moisture Sensors, Environmental Sensors, Remote Monitoring, Automated Irrigation etc.

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Kamala Das, a prominent Indian poet and writer, often explores themes of gender and societal expectations in her works. Her poetry and prose provide a critical examination of the roles and limitations imposed on women within Indian society. In her selected works, Das delves into the complexities of female identity, sexuality, and the struggle for personal autonomy. This abstract examines how Das's writings challenge traditional gender roles and societal norms. Her poetry, characterized by its candid and confessional style, addresses the alienation and repression experienced by women. By presenting the female body and voice as sites of resistance and self-expression, Das subverts patriarchal conventions and exposes the inner turmoil of women constrained by cultural expectations. Through a close analysis of her major works, including "Introduction," "The Old Playhouse," and "My Grandmother's House," this study highlights how Das's depiction of women's experiences reflects broader social critiques. Her portrayal of female desire, domesticity, and selfhood confronts the restrictive narratives of femininity and opens a dialogue on the liberation and empowerment of women. By situating her work within the context of Indian societal norms and feminist discourse, this analysis underscores Das's contribution to the discourse on gender and the ongoing struggle for gender equality.

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Kamala Das , Gender , Society , Feminism, Indian Literature, patriarchy, Female Identity, Sexuality, Social Norms,

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In recent decades, there has been an exponential increase in the amount of health and life sciences data generated and stored. Real-time collection and analysis of patient information using artificial intelligence (AI) tools in clinical trials have become commonplace, and mobile devices are enhancing both the diagnosis and treatment of sickness. Additionally, AI is being used to develop new drugs, repurpose existing ones, accelerate diagnoses, and improve treatment efficiency. It also helps scientists formulate data-driven hypotheses providing patient-centric solutions in various phases of life sciences. This review examines the transformative impact of AI on the life sciences sector

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Artificial-intelligence (AI); Clinical trials; Mobile phones ; Sickness; Life sciences; Patient-centric solutions

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Kanakuppe Fort situated in Jagalur Taluk of Karnataka, India, stands as a testament to the region's rich historical and architectural heritage. This study explores the fort's dual significance in regional geopolitics and its evolution as an architectural marvel over centuries. Origins and Early History: Founded during the reign of the Vijayanagara Empire, Kanakuppe Fort's strategic location atop a hill facilitated control over trade routes and agricultural lands. It served as a vital administrative and military center, contributing to the empire's governance and defense strategies in South India. Role in Regional Geopolitics: Throughout its history, Kanakuppe Fort played a pivotal role in regional geopolitics. Under various dynasties such as the Hoysalas, Chalukyas, and Bahmani Sultanate, the fort evolved as a strategic stronghold, influencing political stability and economic prosperity in the surrounding region. Its defense and strategic positioning enabled rulers to exert control over key territories and maintain authority amidst shifting powers.

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Keywords: Forts, Architecture, Geopolitics, Governance, Evolution.

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"Image processing is a form of signal processing for which input is an image, video frame or photograph". It deals with the computerized images with the assistance of an advanced PC. It additionally concentrates on execution preparing the image by building up the PC framework. Framework acknowledged the contribution as a computerized image and utilizing effective calculations the framework will handle the image, and gives a image as a yield.. Plant diseases are the primary wellspring of plant harm which bring about financial and generation misfortunes in agrarian ranges. Inferable from troubled climatic and ecological conditions, event of plant illnesses is on the ascent. There are different sorts of diseases in plants, assortment of side effects, for example, spots or smirch emerging on the plant leaves, seeds and stanches of the plant. Keeping in mind the end goal to deal with these elements viably, there is a need to present a programmed strategy for plant observation that can examine plant conditions and applied information-based answer for recognized and group different infections. Machine Learning is a characteristics proper structure to bolster this issue.

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A FRAMEWORK FOR LEAF DISEASE DETECTION

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Addressing development deficits requires comprehensive and targeted interventions aimed at improving infrastructure, expanding access to education and healthcare, promoting inclusive economic growth, enhancing social protection systems, and fostering sustainable environmental practices. Governments, international organizations, civil society, and the private sector all play crucial roles in tackling development deficits and promoting equitable and sustainable development. Kalaburagi and Raichur are districts located in the state of Karnataka, India. These districts have historically faced several development deficits, impacting their overall human development indicators. Addressing the development deficits in Kalaburagi and Raichur requires a multi-faceted approach that combines economic, social, and infrastructural interventions, along with strong governance and community participation.

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Development, Deficit, Hyderabad-Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Raichur

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Assamese drama started with Sankardeva's 'Ankiya Naat' in the 15th century. In order to reform the society of his time, Sankardeva propagated Neo-Vaisnavism bhakti cult and to pass the essence of his bhakti cult to the common people Sankardeva composed many Kavyas. Sankardeva presented his Kavyas in a kind of drama built on classical concept fusing music, dance and dialogue together which later styled as Ankiya Naat. A study of the Ankiya Naats of Mahapurush Sankardeva and Madhavdeva reveals that there is much influence of Sanskrit plays on the Nakiya Naats composed by the Mahapurusha. There are much similarities between Ankiya Naat and Sanskrit Plays. We can see this similarity in the prologues of Sanskrit dramas and the Ankiya Naat. This influence of Sanskrit plays is also felt in the Ankiya Naat while performing Nandi and singing by the Sutradhara (after the prologue) and also on his adoration songs, as well as in the 'Muktimangalan' performed at the end of the Naat. In this paper a sincere attempt has been made to discuss the significant features and the influence of Sanskrit Plays in Ankiya Naat of Sankardeva

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Ankiya Naat, Theatre, Neo-Vaisnvism, Bhaona, Bhakti, Sanskrit

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Mahabharatha talks about the need for establishing Dharmarajya by over powering Adharma which is important to maintain natural life on earth. The concept of Dharmarajya is almost equivalent to present day good governance and Swarajya. Like Ramayana, the Mahabharatha has also been a source of spiritual strength of Indian society. The king should govern the state on the foundation of ethical and moral principles (Dharma) leading to realization of the goal of security and progress of the subjects in all his territories. The Shantiparva chapter of Mahabharatha also speaks about the behavior and the rules to be followed to achieve Moksha (salvation / emancipation) and advices that even the king should have a high moral standard and conquer himself first before going on to subdue his enemies. Mahabharatha discusses extensively about Dandaneethi (science of punishment) to uphold righteousness (Dharma) against Adharma. The administrative system should function in such a way that it promotes peace, security and prosperity in the state. The three major aspects of teachings of Rajadharma and Prajadharma are explained in Bhagavad-Gita, Shantiparva and Vishnu Sahasranama.

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Rajadharma, Good Governance, Dharmarajya, Bhagavadhgita, Shantiparva, Vishnu Sahasranama

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Electronic commerce is a powerful concept and process that has fundamentally changed the current of human life. Electronic commerce is one of the main criteria of revolution of Information Technology and communication in the field of economy. This style of trading due to the enormous benefits for human has spread rapidly. E-commerce initiated during the 1970's. It provides multiple benefits to the consumers in form of availability of goods at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. The general category of e-commerce can be broken down into two parts: E- merchandise: E-finance. It involves conducting business using modern communication instruments: telephone, fax, e-payment, money transfer systems, e-data interchange and the Internet. Online businesses like financial services, travel, entertainment, and groceries are all likely to grow. Forces influencing the distribution of global e-commerce and its forms include economic factors, political factors, cultural factors and supranational institutions. It raises key challenges that are being faced by consumers relating to e-commerce viz., Ethical issues, Perceptions of risk in e-service encounters, challenges for e-commerce education. Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, which exactly means business trading through the Internet, has been around the globe since mid-90s. However, until the recent few years, e-commerce is getting more and more attention from entrepreneur and consumers, both local and international. One of the main reasons is due to the highly successful operations of some well-known names on the Internet, such as eBay, Yahoo and Dell. The sales revenue these companies show in their annual reports are without doubt, one of the biggest factors why e-commerce is important in the commercial market nowadays E-commerce initiated during the 1970's. It provides multiple benefits to the consumers in form of availability of goods at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. The general category of e-commerce can be broken down into two parts: E- merchandise: E-finance. It involves conducting business using modern communication instruments: telephone, fax, e-payment, money transfer systems, e- data interchange and the Internet.

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e-commerce, legal issues, e-payment, e-finance, internet, e-business and e-technology

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The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0 technologies has transformed the manufacturing sector, allowing for the development of smart manufacturing solutions. Industry 4.0 is the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT, AI, and big data analytics to create a highly connected and autonomous manufacturing environment. This paper examines the current state of IoT-driven smart manufacturing, focusing on challenges, opportunities, and future directions. We look at the key enablers of Industry 4.0, such as IoT devices, cloud computing, big data analytics, and cybersecurity. The paper also looks at the advantages of Industry 4.0, such as increased efficiency, higher product quality, and lower costs. This paradigm shift has transformed traditional manufacturing practices by combining cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and cyber-physical systems to create a highly interconnected and automated manufacturing environment. This review paper examines the challenges, opportunities, and future directions of IoT-powered smart manufacturing. We discuss the advantages of Industry 4.0, such as increased efficiency, reduced waste, and higher product quality, as well as the challenges posed by the integration of disparate technologies, data security concerns, and workforce retraining requirements. We also highlight the opportunities for Industry 4.0 to enable real-time monitoring and predictions.

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IoT-Enabled Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing, Sensors, Cloud computing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition