Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Vatavyadhi, a group of disorders rooted in the vitiation of Vata dosha, is characterized by diverse clinical manifestations such as pain, stiffness, tremors, and neurological deficits. According to Ayurveda, Taila(medicated oil) is a prime therapeutic agent for pacifying Vatadue to its snigdha (unctuous), ushna(hot), and sukshma(penetrating) qualities. Taila yogasare widely used in both internal (abhyantara) and external (bahya) therapies such as Abhyanga, Basti, Snehapana, and Nasya. Classical texts enumerate numerous Taila preparations, each tailored to specific pathophysiological states of Vatadisorders. However, there is a need for a systematic exploration of their pharmacodynamics, therapeutic indications, and clinical outcomes,Vata Vyadhi presenting with symptoms such as Shoola (pain), Stambha (stiffness), Rukshata (dryness), and functional impairment. Ayurvedic classics describe Sneha Chikitsa as the principal line of treatment for Vata disorders. Panchaguna Taila is a classical medicated oil indicated for external application in various Vata Vyadhi. Its Snigdha, Ushna, and Balya properties counteract the pathological qualities of aggravated Vata. This review aims to compile classical references, shlokas, pharmacological properties, and clinical utility of Panchaguna Taila in Vata Vyadhi.

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 Keywords

Panchaguna Taila, Vata Vyadhi, Sneha Chikitsa, Abhyanga, Ayurveda

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Oral literature emerged alongside human speech, developing as an essential medium through which communities expressed their thoughts, beliefs, and experiences. Long before the advent of written forms, oral traditions functioned as repositories of cultural knowledge, preserving collective memory, social values, and historical experiences. Literature, in its broader sense, may be categorized into two primary forms: oral literature and written literature, both of which play crucial roles in shaping and sustaining cultural identity. Within the historical development of Kokborok literature, oral tradition occupies a central position. The transition from oral expression to written documentation began in 1897 with the publication of the first Kokborok grammar book, Kokborma, marking a significant milestone in the literary history of the language. This foundational work paved the way for subsequent written contributions. In later years, Kokborok prose writing gained recognition when the first novel in the language appeared in the literary magazine Kwtal Kothoma, authored by Sudhanwa Debbarma. Together, these early works represent the gradual transformation of Kokborok literary expression from oral transmission to written form, while continuing to reflect indigenous ways of life and cultural consciousness.

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 Keywords

Oral tradition, cultural memory, Kokborok literature, historical documentation, indigenous life.

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The drama Imangni Bwsarok (Children of Dreams), authored by the eminent playwright Nanda Kumar Debbarma and published in 2015, serves as a poignant exploration of cultural preservation and generational conflict. This paper examines the protagonist, Hari Kumar, a village teacher whose life mission is the socio-educational upliftment of his community. While his biological children have migrated to urban centers like Delhi and Agartala, Hari Kumar remains rooted in his village, driven by the vision of establishing a school that prioritizes the Kokborok language and traditional values. The study explores Hari Kumar as a symbol of resilience; despite facing systemic hurdles and personal hardships metaphorically described as "storms and rains" he remains steadfast in his commitment to his "hoda" (community). However, the narrative reaches a tragic irony when his greatest opposition shifts from external societal forces to his own son and daughter-in-law. Through a critical lens, this study shows the tension between indigenous idealism and modern individualistic pursuits, portraying the struggle to keep a "dream" alive amidst familial betrayal.

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 Keywords

Kokborok Literature, Nanda Kumar Debbarma, Imangni Bwsarok, Cultural Identity, Indigenous Education

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Physical literacy has emerged as a central concept in contemporary physical education, emphasizing the holistic development of individuals through movement. It extends beyond physical competence to include motivation, confidence, knowledge, and understanding necessary for lifelong engagement in physical activity. This conceptual paper explores the meaning, components, theoretical foundations, and educational significance of physical literacy within physical education programs. Drawing on existing literature, international frameworks, and policy documents, the paper proposes a comprehensive conceptual framework for integrating physical literacy into school physical education. The study highlights the role of teachers, curriculum design, and assessment strategies in nurturing physically literate individuals and underscores physical literacy as a foundation for lifelong health, well-being, and active living.

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Physical Literacy, Physical Education, Lifelong Physical Activity, Holistic Development, Movement Competence.

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Architectural heritage has played a significant role in shaping traditional textile aesthetics in India. This paper examines the influence of Indian architectural designs on saree weaving, focusing on Dravidian and Hoysala architectural traditions. Using a qualitative and descriptive research approach, the study analyses how architectural elements such as gopurams, mandapas, sculpted pillars, friezes, stellate plans, and geometric mandalas are translated into woven motifs, borders, and pallu compositions. Visual documentation, field observation, and design interpretation were employed to identify architectural references within major saree-weaving regions including Kanchipuram, Dharmavaram, Gadwal, Mysore, and Ilkal. The findings reveal that Dravidian architectural influence is reflected through bold temple-roof borders, figurative motifs, and structured pallu layouts, while Hoysala inspiration appears in fine detailing, layered friezes, and precise geometric arrangements. Techniques such as jacquard weaving, korvai borders, extra-weft brocading, and CAD-based design systems enable the effective adaptation of stone architecture into textile form. The study highlights that architectural motifs are reinterpreted rather than directly replicated, allowing harmony between visual expression and fabric structure. Saree weaving thus emerges as a dynamic medium that preserves architectural vocabulary while sustaining regional identity and cultural continuity.

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Architectural motifs, Saree weaving, Indian architecture, Textile design, Dravidian and Hoysala traditions, Cultural heritage

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Generative AI is reshaping enterprise operations by enabling the automation of content generation, document summarization, code synthesis, and other unstructured data workflows. However, transitioning from experimental models to scalable, production-grade generative pipelines presents a new frontier of technical, operational, and ethical challenges. This review synthesizes current research on the architectural foundations, orchestration patterns, performance benchmarks, and governance structures required for deploying large-scale generative AI pipelines. It outlines best practices for integrating language models into enterprise infrastructure and highlights critical research gaps in model evaluation, cost optimization, human-in-the-loop oversight, and compliance. The paper also proposes a six-layer theoretical model to guide the design of end-to-end AI pipelines. By consolidating empirical findings and proposing forward-looking strategies, this review aims to equip researchers, engineers, and enterprise leaders with a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape of scalable generative AI workflows.

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Generative AI, Large Language Models, AI Pipelines, MLOps, Workflow Automation, Enterprise AI, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, AI Scalability, AI Evaluation, Prompt Engineering.

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Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming diagnostic radiology, particularly in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While its global integration into clinical workflows continues to expand, awareness, accessibility, and practical adoption among healthcare professionals in India remain underexplored. Objective: To assess the current level of awareness, accessibility, and perception regarding AI applications in CT and MRI imaging among radiologists, radiographers, postgraduate students, and imaging technologists. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire comprising 12 closed-ended questions was distributed via Google Forms in november 2025. The survey targeted professionals working in radiology departments across various institutions in India. Responses were collected anonymously and analyzed to assess awareness levels, access to AI-integrated systems, and perceptions of AI's role in imaging practice. Results: The survey revealed high awareness of AI applications in medical imaging, with most participants recognizing its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and reduce human error. However, limited hands-on experience and a lack of formal training were reported as major barriers to adoption. Departmental access to AI tools and infrastructure varied significantly across institutions. Conclusion: While awareness of AI's role in CT and MRI imaging is increasing, practical implementation remains limited due to inadequate training and infrastructure. Bridging these gaps will require formal integration of AI modules into radiology curricula, institutional support for AI adoption, and targeted training programs to build competency in AI-assisted imaging. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Radiology; CT Imaging; MRI; Medical Imaging; AI Awareness; Radiology Education; AI in Healthcare

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AI, CT, MRI

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Millets are ancient cereal grains that play a crucial role in food and nutritional security, particularly in developing countries due to their adaptability to harsh agro-climatic conditions and rich nutritional profile. Among the diverse millet varieties, finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) are of significant importance because of their high content of bioactive phytoconstituents and health-promoting properties. The present abstract provides a comparative study of the phytoconstituents and characterization of finger millet and kodo millet, emphasizing their nutritional, biochemical, and functional attributes. Finger millet is widely known for its exceptional mineral content, especially calcium, iron, and magnesium, along with a high proportion of dietary fiber. Its phytochemical composition is dominated by phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, and phytates, which are mainly concentrated in the seed coat. These phytoconstituents exhibit strong antioxidant activity, contributing to the prevention of oxidative stress-related disorders. The presence of complex carbohydrates and resistant starch in finger millet results in a low glycemic index, making it particularly beneficial for diabetic individuals. Additionally, finger millet proteins contain essential amino acids such as methionine, which is often limited in other cereals, enhancing its nutritional value. Kodo millet, on the other hand, is characterized by a rich profile of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, along with a high content of dietary fiber and resistant starch. Important phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and syringic acid contribute to its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties.

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Finger millet, Kodo millet, Phytoconstituents, Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids, Tannins, Antioxidants, Dietary fiber, Mineral composition, Calcium richness, Bioactive compounds, Nutritional characterization, Functional foods, Gluten-free cereals, Nutraceutical potential

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks yogic practices on selected motor fitness components in school-level female hockey players. For this purpose, a sample of forty (N=40) female hockey players of age ranging from 14 to 17 years were selected from Sri Sarada vidyalaya girls higher secondary school, salem, Tamilnadu. They were randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of Twenty players. The experimental group participated in a structured six-weeks yogic practices program, while the control group did not engage in any additional training during the study period. All the participants were informed about the objectives and methodology of this study and they volunteered to participate in this experimental study. The study was restricted to the variables: muscular strength and muscular endurance. The collected data were statistically analyzed through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to find out the significance difference, if any between the groups. In all case the criterion for statistical significant would set as 0.05 level of confidence. The results of the study showed that there was significant differences exist between experimental group and control group. And also, experimental group showed significant improvement on Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance compared to control group.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Yoga, Hockey, Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance

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Abstract Torture represents a severe violation of human dignity and is universally condemned under international law. This article examines the international legal framework prohibiting torture, highlighting key conventions, treaties, and practices that enforce its prohibition. Notably, it discusses instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT), among others. The article also addresses the role of various international bodies, including the Committee against Torture and the International Criminal Court, in combating torture. Additionally, the article highlights regional conventions and their contribution to reinforcing global human rights standards. The article concludes with a reflection on the ongoing challenges in the fight against torture and provides suggestions for further advancements in international law and human rights protection.

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Keywords: Torture, Human Rights, International Law, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations, Committee against Torture, ICCPR, UNCAT, Regional Conventions, International Criminal Court, Prohibition of Torture

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