Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The health and welfare of rural and urban women in Karnataka's Vijayapura District are compared in this study. It looks into the various aspects of well-being, such as mental and physical health, dietary habits, access to and use of healthcare services, and knowledge of health programs. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, collecting detailed data from women in both contexts using surveys, anthropometric measurements, and qualitative interviews. Important results show a clear difference between urban and rural areas. Higher rates of institutional deliveries and non-communicable disease screenings are associated with urban women's usually better access to healthcare facilities, specialists, and health information. On the other hand, lifestyle-related problems like obesity, stress, and sedentary behavior are more common among them. On the other hand, rural women have substantial obstacles concerning healthcare accessibility, affordability, and availability, which leads to a higher prevalence of infectious diseases, maternal health issues, and nutritional deficiencies such as anemia. Despite frequently having greater informal community support networks, their health is further impacted by sociocultural norms, occupational dangers from agricultural work, and lesser health literacy. The study comes to the conclusion that rural women in Vijayapura District mostly struggle with socioeconomic constraints and systemic gaps in basic healthcare access, whereas urban women face health concerns associated with modern lifestyles. Customized, context-specific therapies are necessary to achieve holistic wellness. Strengthening primary healthcare and outreach programs in rural regions, launching focused nutrition and sanitation campaigns, and creating urban wellness programs centered on mental health and lifestyle disorders are among the recommendations. Integrated policy initiatives that address the infrastructure deficiencies in rural areas as well as the new public health issues in urban settings are required to close this equality gap.

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 Keywords

Health, Wellness, Comparative, Women, Disorders, Programs, Vijayapura, Impact, Rural and Urban.

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In the current digital era, technology is essential to the workplace since it makes it possible for workers to collaborate and work more effectively. Women in non-teaching staff roles have embraced technology quickly in order to communicate more effectively, do duties more quickly, and take advantage of professional development possibilities. Factors of production now include technology. Among other benefits, implementing technology can lower expenses, boost output, save time, and enhance customer satisfaction. Technology adoption by working women in non-teaching staff positions is essential for both the professional development of those involved and the effectiveness of the organisation. Organisations can establish a more favourable atmosphere for adopting technological innovations by comprehending the elements that impact technology adoption and resolving the issues. One encouraging trend that improves communication, productivity, and professional growth is the use of technology by working women in non-teaching staff roles. Women in administrative and support professions can succeed in their careers and make valuable contributions to their organisations by utilising online learning platforms, task management software, and communication tools. Technology adoption among working women, especially those in non-teaching staff positions, is a complex topic that can be impacted by a number of variables. These elements may include access to training, individual attitudes towards technology, organisational support, and the particular technical instruments being used. Here are some key considerations and trends in this area: Out of the 80 working women respondents, 26.25% were below 25 years, 32.5% were 25-30 years age, 41.25% were belonged to 31-45 years and above. Overall study area 80 working women respondents 42.5% are getting less than 25000/- income per month, 57.5% are salaried more than 2500/- per month and 0% are getting more than 50000& less than 75000, more than 75000, & less than 1 lakh and more than 1 lakh.

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Technology, Communication Skills, Professional Growth, Organizational Development

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Political advertising in Indian democracy and Voter Behaviour: Digital and Traditional Comparative study of media

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Political advertising in Indian democracy and Voter Behaviour: Digital and Traditional Comparative study of media

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This paper presents a postcolonial reading of Hijam Anganghal's "Khamba Thoibee Sheireng", a foundational Manipuri epic that records indigenous social life while exposing entrenched structures of power, exclusion, and marginality. Though rooted in legend and romance, the epic articulates experiences that align closely with postcolonial concerns of subalternity, labour, representation, and cultural recovery. For this study, book-1, "Cattle Herding Job" is selected from the poem, "Khamba Thoibee Sheireng" based on the English translation by Jodha Chandra Sanasam (1-14), published in 2016. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's "Can the Subaltern Speak?" the study examines how Khamba and Khamnu emerge as figures shaped by inherited dispossession within Moirang society. Introduced as "two Kege destitute souls destined as Moirang orphans" (1), they occupy a social position marked by poverty, invisibility, and lack of institutional voice. Through an analysis of labour, gendered survival, and moral endurance, the paper argues that this epic functions as an act of indigenous cultural reclamation that restores marginalised experience to historical memory.

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 Keywords

Khamba Thoibee Sheireng, Postcolonialism, Subalternity, Identity, Cultural Memory.

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A family caregiver is a person such as parent, spouse, sibling, relative, friend, neighbor, who provides care to the patient with schizophrenia without any compensation. Burden refers to the significant emotional, physical, social, and financial strain placed on family caregivers to manage the patient with schizophrenia. Daily routines, career, finances, and mental well-being of caregivers disrupt due to maintain their role and responsibilities. Schizophrenia is a severe and disabling mental health disorder that disrupts individual's thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness and social interactions. Caregiver is required when an individual suffering from severe form of physical and mental illness. The responsibility of caregiver is to meet the physical and psychological needs of the dependent patient. Every individual has some basic needs that are essential to maintain quality of life. Caregiver is responsible for meeting the basic needs of patient. As the disease progresses it carries with it a tremendous burden both physically and psychologically on the family members who are giving care. Objective of the review is to explore burden of family caregivers and its associated demographic factors. Systematic literature review was done by using different electronic data base such as Google scholar, Google, PubMed for this review. Several descriptive studies were conducted in this area and observed that caregiver's burden can be objective or subjective. Objective burdens were negative patient symptoms; disruption of the caregiver's domestic routine, social activities and leisure, social isolation, financial and employment difficulties. Subjective burdens were fear, sadness, anger, guilt, loss, stigma and rejection. Most of the caregivers felt burden from moderate to severe. High amount of burden was present in their physical, mental and financial areas. Females were significantly more burdened than males. Age, education, duration of illness, relation with patients was significantly associated with burden. This review will help to understand the level of burden among caregivers of schizophrenia. So that we can conduct different research that will increase their coping ability and resilience which will give importance on prevention of the burden instead of the intervention of caregivers burden.

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 Keywords

Burden, family, caregivers, schizophrenic patient

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Topical drug delivery systems (TDDS) have emerged as a promising alternative to oral and parenteral routes, offering localized drug action with minimal systemic side effects. These systems are particularly useful for treating dermatological conditions like, pain, and infections directly at the site of application. The formulation and development of TDDS involve careful selection of drug candidates, excipients, and delivery vehicles such as gels, creams, ointments, or transdermal patches. Advances in nanotechnology, penetration enhancers, and novel carriers like liposomes and niosomes have significantly improved drug permeation through the skin barrier. Key formulation considerations include drug solubility, stability, skin permeability, and patient compliance. This abstract provides an overview of the principles, challenges, and recent advancements in the formulation and development of topical drug delivery systems, emphasizing the importance of skin physiology, formulation strategies, and evaluation techniques in achieving effective and targeted therapy.

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Penetration enhancers, Dermatological conditions, Penetration enhancers, Liposomes, Niosomes, Nanotechnology.

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The widespread application of fungicides in agriculture has resulted in their frequent detection in aquatic ecosystems, raising serious concerns regarding their impact on non-target aquatic organisms. The present investigation evaluates the acute toxicity of the triazole fungicide tebuconazole and its effects on behavioural responses in the freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella. Acute toxicity bioassays were conducted under laboratory conditions for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h using a static renewal system. Mortality data were analysed using probit analysis to determine median lethal concentrations (LC??). The LC?? values of tebuconazole were found to be 24 mg/L (24 h), 23 mg/L (48 h), 22 mg/L (72 h) and 21 mg/L (96 h), indicating a clear time-dependent increase in toxicity. Behavioural alterations such as erratic swimming, increased opercular movement, surface gulping, loss of equilibrium and lethargy were observed in exposed fish, with severity increasing with concentration and exposure duration. The linear relationship observed in probit regression curves confirms the suitability of probit analysis for LC?? estimation. The findings demonstrate that tebuconazole poses a significant toxic risk to C. idella, even during short-term exposure, highlighting the need for regulated use of this fungicide to prevent ecological damage.

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Ctenopharyngodon idella, Tebuconazole, Acute toxicity, LC??, Probit analysis, Behavioural responses

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Introduction: The report discusses the causes of increased rate of C-section in low-risk pregnancies at the time of covid 19. This research is concerned with understanding the impact of covid-19 1st and 2nd wave on the rate of cesarean section deliveries in low-risk pregnancies. We have discussed about childbirth procedure, global birth rate, complications of pregnancies, data of the centers for disease control and prevention, provisional data of cesarean delivery rate in the years 2019 ,2017,2016, the rate of c-sections at both national and international levels during high risk and low risk pregnancies.

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The Impact Of Covid-19 1st AND 2nd WAVE On The Rate Of Cesarean Deliveries In Low-Risk Pregnancies

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This study investigates the marketing strategies adopted by private hospitals in Wardha district, focusing on branding, digital marketing, and the marketing mix (7Ps). Using interviews, surveys, and secondary data, the research highlights the correlation between marketing strategies and hospital performance in terms of patient inflow, satisfaction, and revenue. Findings suggest that branding and digital outreach significantly enhance patient loyalty, while affordability and service quality remain critical determinants of hospital choice. The study contributes to healthcare marketing literature by emphasizing the role of patient-centered strategies in sustaining hospital growth in semi-urban contexts.

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Healthcare marketing; Branding; Marketing mix; Private hospitals; Wardha district; Patient satisfaction

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Abstract In India, the Panchayati Raj system is considered the cornerstone of democracy. After the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, Gram Panchayats received constitutional recognition. However, recognizing the need for local self-governance in Scheduled Areas in accordance with the traditional systems of tribal communities, the PESA Act, 1996 came into existence. In Maharashtra, Gram Panchayats in 13 districts with a predominant tribal population come under the ambit of the PESA Act. Through this Act, the Gram Sabha has emerged as the supreme decision-making body, while Gram Panchayats have been granted autonomy in matters of local development, resource management, and traditional justice systems. Yet, the crucial question remains: has the implementation of this Act been truly effective across all regions? This requires careful analysis. Tribal areas continue to face several challenges, such as the impact of COVID-19, migration, difficulties in health and education, as well as external interventions over mineral resources. Hence, it becomes important to conduct a realistic study of the implementation of the PESA Act to identify the barriers in empowering Gram Panchayats and to suggest appropriate measures to overcome them. For this research, descriptive and analytical methods have been adopted, and secondary sources have been used for data collection.

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 Keywords

Panchayati Raj, PESA Act, Tribals, COVID-19, Gram Sabha

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