Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

There is a deep relation in between pollution and economy, they affect each other equally. Air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution etc. have a negative effect on economy but the marine pollution hit differently. Pollution harm the economic growth. Even not only on economy it leaves the effects on human body and other living organisms also. Sometime medical science also fails to solve it out. Nature gives us a lot of positivity, and in return it gets a bucket of negativity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

effects of pollution, harm to economy, medical science, nature, relation between pollution and economy, disaster

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A non-experimental research study was aimed to assess the knowledge ofnursing students on prevention of urinary tract infection in Kritika NursingCollege of nursing, Bareilly with objectives to assess the level of knowledge ofnursing students onprevention of urinary tract infection. To find theassociation between knowledge & practice of nursing student with a socio-demographic variables. The study was based on a questionnaire method with40 samples selected by random sampling technique. self-structuralquestionnaire was used for knowledge with score poor (0 - 10), average (10 -20) good (20 - 30) The level of nursing student were assessed by anadministered questionnaire. In the analysis, there was statistically remarkableto the association between practices of staff nurses with the selected sociodemographicvariable. This study conducted that there was a stronglysignificant association between the ages of the nursing student with practiceregarding the prevention of urinary tract infection.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

शिक्षा वह प्रक्रिया है जो व्यक्ति के भीतर मानसिक, नैतिक और आध्यात्मिक क्षमताओं को विकसित करता है । यह व्यक्ति को आत्मनिर्भर, चरित्रवान और पूर्ण बनाता है, जिससे वह जीवन के संघर्षों का सामना कर सके और समाज के लिए उपयोगी बन सके। ताकि जिसके द्वारा एक समाज अपने संचित ज्ञान कौशल और मूल्यों को एक पीढ़ी से दूसरे तक पहुंचाता रहे है। समय के साथ मनुष्य की आवश्यकताओं के अनुरूप शिक्षा की पद्धतियों में बदलाव हो रहा है। नई शिक्षा नीति इस बदलाव का एक अच्छा उदाहरण है। नई शिक्षा नीति (एनईपी) भारतीय सरकार द्वारा बनाई गई एक योजना है जिसका उद्देश्य छोटे बच्चों से लेकर कॉलेज के छात्रों तक सभी विद्यार्थियों के लिए शिक्षा में सुधार करना है। इसके अंतर्गत नई स्कूल संरचना जिसमे 5+3+3+4 प्रणाली है ,अधिक विषय विकल्प है इसलिए छात्र अपनी पसंद के विषय चुन सकते हैं, जैसे कला और विज्ञान एक साथ। कौशल आधारित शिक्षा जिसमें कोडिंग, संगीत और खेल जैसे व्यावहारिक कौशल अध्ययन का हिस्सा है । अधिक डिजिटल शिक्षा के लिए ऑनलाइन शिक्षा और डिजिटल उपकरणों का उपयोग किया जा रहा है ।

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

शिक्षा, परिवर्तन, नई शिक्षा नीति , ऑनलाइन शिक्षा।

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Migration has emerged as a critical livelihood strategy for women labourers in India, particularly in regions experiencing uneven development and limited rural employment opportunities. While migration often improves economic participation, the quality of employment and the resulting level of job satisfaction remain uneven and shaped by broader socio-economic structures. This study examines job satisfaction among migrant women labourers through a socio-economic association framework, using empirical evidence from the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. Drawing on primary data collected from 400 migrant women labourers, the study applies descriptive statistics and inferential tools such as chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to examine the association between job satisfaction and selected socio-economic variables including age, employment sector, marital status, education, income, accommodation status, and pre-migration economic condition. The findings reveal that age and employment sector have a statistically significant association with job satisfaction, while most other socio-economic variables do not show significant influence. The results highlight that job satisfaction among migrant women labourers is shaped more by structural employment conditions than by individual socio-economic background. The paper contributes to migration and labour studies by providing district-level empirical evidence and offers important policy insights for improving employment quality and well-being among migrant women labourers.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Migration, Migrant Women Labourers, Job Satisfaction, Socio-Economic Factors, Association Analysis

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tax policy is very important in determining how people handle their money. This is especially true for salaried taxpayers, whose savings and investment decisions are closely tied to income tax rules. The income tax structure changes so often and taxpayers are always excited about the Union Budget; taxpayers often act based on what they think will happen rather than what happens. The goal of this study is to look at how salaried taxpayers are likely to act if there are changes to the income tax system in the next budget. The study is based on a survey done before the budget that looks at what taxpayers expect, how much they plan to save, why they want to delay investments, and what they prefer: tax simplification or incentives. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained via a structured questionnaire distributed to salaried individuals, whereas secondary data was derived from government publications, budget documents, and existing literature. The simple percentage method and descriptive method are used to do the analysis. The study's results show that salaried taxpayers' plans for saving and investing are greatly affected by uncertainty about changes to tax policy. Many people who answered the survey say they are putting off making investment decisions and being careful with their money because they expect tax reforms to happen. The study concludes that comprehending taxpayer behaviour prior to the budget announcement can yield significant insights for policymakers in crafting a balanced tax structure that fosters both simplicity and long-term savings.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

BUDGET. INCOME-TAX,INCOME,INVESTMENT

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study investigated the isolated and combined effects of Speed-Agility-Quickness (SAQ) training and agility ladder training on selected biomotor abilities and volleyball skill performance among adolescent volleyball players. Sixty male players aged 13-17 years from Mahe, India were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 15 each): SAQ training group, ladder training group, combined SAQ+ladder training group, and control group. Training was administered three sessions per week for twelve weeks, while the control group continued routine activity without any specialised intervention. The dependent variables included speed, agility, abdominal muscular endurance, leg explosive power, balance, and volleyball skill performance (passing, serving, and spiking). Pre- and post-intervention data were statistically analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to determine group differences, with the significance level fixed at p < 0.05. Results showed significant improvements in all selected biomotor and skill variables in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Further, the combined SAQ+ladder training group demonstrated superior improvements compared to isolated training groups. The findings indicate that integrating SAQ and ladder training is more effective for improving performance-related fitness and volleyball-specific skills among adolescent players.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SAQ training; agility ladder; biomotor abilities; volleyball skills; adolescent athletes

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this research paper to evaluate the performance of ten mutual funds in India during the time frame 2021 to 2025. The objective is to evaluate fund performance using Net Asset Value (NAV), Annual returns, Standard deviation and Sharpe performance index. The research also compares equity, hybrid, debt and arbitrage fund categories with their respective benchmarks. Descriptive statistics were applied to assess growth trends in net asset value and returns. Correlation, regression and ANOVA analysis were conducted using relevant statistical software to examine the relationship between risk and return and to identify performance differences across the fund category. The study showed a consistent increase in net asset value over a five-year period with equity funds displaying the highest growth but greater risk comparison. Hybrid funds showed reasonable performance, but level of debt and arbitrage funds offered more stability as compare to lower returns. In this study, a significant positive correlation was found between standard deviation and average annual return. Regression analysis results indicated the risk factor described over semi-variation in return. Individual predictors were not statistically significant at 5% significance level. There were no strong category wise differences as measured by ANOVA, but descriptive statistics findings provided meaningful variations between the fund. Overall, the study concludes that the mutual fund performance was influenced by the level of risk undertaken, with equity funds providing higher return potential. In this study, the findings were relevant for investors and policymakers. This research paper provide an understanding of mutual fund performance in the Indian market.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Net Asset Value (NAV), Risk-return, Sharpe performance index, Standard deviation, ANOVA.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The right to vote forms the foundation of any democratic system. In India, the world's largest democracy, this right enables citizens to engage in governance by electing their representatives at local, state, and national levels. Although the Indian Constitution does not explicitly declare the right to vote as a fundamental right, it is a crucial statutory right derived from constitutional principles such as democracy, equality , and popular sovereignty. Over time, India has developed a comprehensive electoral system, but voting rights remain subject to numerous challenges that require thoughtful reforms and policy measures. This paper addresses the Constitutional and Legal Framework, Key Issues Affecting Voting Rights, Major Issues in Voter Registration, Judicial Interventions, etc. The paper concludes by suggesting comprehensive reforms of the electoral rolls in order to strengthen voting rights in India

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Voters right, electoral justice, voter registration

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Language development is essential for students success in higher education, particularly for multilingual learners who must navigate complex disciplinary texts, academic discourse, and assessment practices. Despite increased participation in degree programs, many students continue to experience difficulties related to academic language proficiency. Sheltered instruction has been recognized as a pedagogical approach that integrates content learning with language development through purposeful instructional support. This paper presents a conceptual analysis of sheltered instruction and examines its role in supporting academic language development in higher education contexts. Drawing on theories of second language acquisition, socio cultural learning, and cognitive learning theory, the paper explores how key principles of sheltered instruction--including comprehensible input, scaffolding, interaction, and explicit attention to academic language--support the development of academic vocabulary, discourse competence, and disciplinary literacy. Through a synthesis of existing literature, the paper proposes a conceptual framework illustrating the relationship between sheltered instruction and academic language development among degree students. The paper concludes with implications for higher education pedagogy and teacher preparation and highlights directions for future research in postsecondary sheltered instruction.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sheltered Instruction; Language Development; Higher Education; Multilingual Learners; Content and Language Integration

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

लघुपाणिनीयस्य सुबन्तप्रकरणसमीक्षा इति प्रबन्धे पाणिनीयव्याकरणस्य सूत्रपद्धतेः तथा प्रक्रियापद्धतेः विशेषताम् विवेच्य लघुपाणिनीयस्य . राजराजवर्मणः विरचितस्य प्रक्रियाग्रन्थस्य नवीनशैलीम् प्रदर्श्यते। लघुपाणिनीयस्य पूर्वखण्डे शिक्षाकाण्डः परिनिष्ठाकाण्डः, निरुक्तकाण्डः, आकाङ्क्षाकाण्डः च मुख्यतः निरूपिताः, यत्र सुबन्तप्रकरणे संज्ञा-सन्धि-प्रत्ययादेश-अङ्गकार्यप्रकरणानि चतुर्विधानि भवन्ति। प्राचीनप्रक्रियाग्रन्थेभ्यः भिन्नतया प्रक्रिया प्रदर्शिता। नामरूपावली च प्रकरणान्ते प्रदर्शिता। आधुनिकशिक्षापद्धतिसमन्वितं विषयविभागेन राजराजवर्मणा नूतनप्रस्थानं प्रथापितम्, येन पाणिनीयव्याकरणस्य अध्ययनं सरलं भवति।

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

लघुपाणिनीयम्, पाणिनीयव्याकरणम्, प्रक्रियापद्धतिः, सुबन्तप्रकरणम्

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition