Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Folktales have long been the medium of moral and social instruction within the tribal communities of North-East India. The practice of oral recitation within the Nocte community dates back to the tribe's inception and remains as a moral compass using which the tribal folks get their moral codes and answers to the unknown transmitted down the generational stream. The moral instructions within the lores often serve as measure that define the code of conduct and outline the gender roles that the society expects of an individual within the community. This study is an attempt made to understand how women are represented in folklore of the Nocte community. The Noctes are one of the major tribes inhabiting the southeastern part of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Traditionally the art of storytelling within the Nocte community has always been performed orally and thereby requires deep transcription. One such effort into documenting the rich stories of the said tribe is performed by Chatung Lowang in her work 'Tales From the Lapping Hills'. This study uses textual-analytical approach along with qualitative content analysis of the said text to reveal underlying ideologies that construct the women space within the studied community and their representation in folktales of the Nocte tribe.

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 Keywords

Folktales, Representation of women, Social Instruction, Noctes, Tales From the Lapping Hills.

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Aptitude can be said to be a set of skills. But the aptitude acquired in a particular field shows that uniqueness. Just as a teacher works in his own field, it becomes very important to know to what extent he can give his own contribution in education. A teacher must make his subject interesting, but he is expected to have the necessary knowledge in other subjects. It is very important for a teacher to be a source of inspiration for his students because in the present time, students are getting alienated from education. Here, the researcher has done research on teachers working in secondary schools, in which he has to know what kind of aptitude they have, keeping in mind the teacher's subject and the interaction in the class. Behavior. General knowledge. Use of technology. The researcher has done research on secondary school teachers.

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 Keywords

Secondary school, qualification, teacher qualification

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Electric vehicle batteries are complex electrochemical systems whose performance, safety, and lifespan strongly depend on accurate state estimation and effective health monitoring. Conventional battery management systems rely on rule-based and model-driven approaches that often struggle with nonlinear battery behavior, aging effects, and dynamic operating conditions. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things technologies have enabled a new generation of intelligent and connected battery management systems for electric vehicles. This survey presents a comprehensive analysis of AI- and IoT-based techniques applied to battery state estimation and health monitoring, including state-of-charge, state-of-health, and remaining useful life prediction. The reviewed literature is systematically classified based on employed AI models, monitored battery states, and IoT deployment architectures such as edge, cloud, and hybrid systems. Comparative insights highlight the strengths, limitations, and practical feasibility of existing approaches under real-world conditions. Key challenges related to data availability, model generalization, real-time implementation, and system security are critically discussed, and promising future research directions are outlined to support the development of reliable, scalable, and intelligent battery management systems for next-generation electric vehicles.

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Electric Vehicles, Battery Management System, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, State of Charge, State of Health, Battery Monitoring.

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(The present study investigates the impact of parental involvement on academic anxiety among government and private higher secondary school students in South Kashmir. Academic anxiety has emerged as a significant concern in contemporary education due to increasing academic demands and performance pressures. Parental involvement, while generally considered supportive, may also contribute to students' stress depending on its nature and intensity. The study adopts a descriptive survey method to examine how parental involvement influences academic anxiety across different school contexts. A representative sample of higher secondary students from government and private schools in the districts of Anantnag, Kulgam, Pulwama, and Shopian was selected using random sampling. Standardized tools were employed to measure parental involvement and academic anxiety. The findings reveal that parental involvement among government school students is relatively balanced and consistent, resulting in moderate levels of academic anxiety. In contrast, private school students experience higher academic anxiety associated with more intensive and performance-oriented parental involvement. While district-wise variations within each school type are minimal, a clear difference emerges between government and private schools, indicating that institutional context plays a crucial role in shaping parental expectations and students' emotional experiences. The study concludes that parental involvement does not uniformly affect all students; rather, its impact varies with the schooling environment. The findings highlight the importance of promoting balanced parental engagement to support students' academic success while safeguarding their emotional well-being. This research contributes to educational psychology by offering insights for parents, educators, and policymakers to address academic anxiety effectively.)

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Keywords: Parental involvement, Academic anxiety, Government schools, Private schools, Higher secondary students, School type, Student well-being, Educational psychology, Parental expectations, Academic pressure, South Kashmir, School-parent relationship

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Dysmenorrhea, defined as painful menstrual cramps, affects a large proportion of adolescent girls globally, often resulting in impaired daily functioning, reduced academic performance, and decreased quality of life. Conventional treatment typically includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal therapies; however, concerns about adverse effects and long-term use have led to increasing interest in herbal alternatives. Pudhina (mint; Mentha spp.) extract--rich in menthol, flavonoids, and essential oils--has demonstrated analgesic, antispasmodic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to reduced menstrual pain. This review examines the pharmacological basis for using pudhina extract, evaluates clinical evidence of its effectiveness in dysmenorrhea, and discusses practical implications for adolescent health. While current studies suggest that mint extract may decrease pain intensity and associated symptoms, further high-quality randomized controlled trials in adolescent cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and establish standardized formulations

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Dysmenorrhea, adolescents, pudhina

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This report will though a light on "consumer payments through Paytm" (study in Hyderabad area) seller their motivation or willingness to sell though price and contractual provision in their listing agreement. A pricing strategy is for motivated sellers to set their listing price at or below estimated market values as determined by the quality and other characteristics of the house. An exposure strategy is to set a listing price above estimated market value. And increase advertising and broker activity in order to generate more favorable offers. Pricing and exposure are completing strategies and may be revealed in listing contracts through the inclusion of a buyer broker provision.

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PAYTM,ONLINE SHOPPING,DIGITAL MARKETING,CONSUMER

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The potential of Shrikhand, a classic fermented dairy dessert from India, as a functional meal is being investigated. In order to maximize health advantages, this research introduces the formulation of phytosynbiotic shrikhand, which combines probiotics, prebiotics, and bioactive plant chemicals. Inulin, a gut-friendly prebiotic, chakka made from A2 cow milk, and medicinal substances such jambul seed powder, Catharanthus roseus, and Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) were included because of their neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities. Over the course of its shelf life, the formulation sought to balance probiotic viability, stability, taste, and texture. Probiotic development was aided by inulin, and the therapeutic value was increased by plant phytoconstituents. The product's viability was validated by preliminary assessments, which included physicochemical testing, sensory analysis, and microbiological stability. A new, health-promoting dairy product that supports metabolic balance and digestive wellness is phytosynbiotic shrikhand. This dessert satisfies market need as customer interest in functional meals high in nutrients grows. Future studies will evaluate scalability, maximize shelf life, and confirm therapeutic effectiveness. This research demonstrates the creative use of phytochemicals and synbiotics to enhance conventional dairy products and provide sustainable, health-conscious substitutes.

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Fermented products, yoghurt, value added shrikhand, Lactobacillus lacti.

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The role of digital sustainable marketing, including social media marketing, e-commerce adoption, digital infrastructure access, and sustainability-oriented digital practices, was examined in this study as factors that scale up rural entrepreneurs in Jharkhand. The research was based on quantitative research design, and the responses were obtained from a survey of 130 rural entrepreneurs. The research analyzed the impacts of digital tools on outgrowth, market expansion, digital marketing effectiveness, and business resilience. The study showed ambiguous results. Social media marketing, on the other hand, was found to have a significant but negative impact on enterprise growth, which was indicative of ineffective usage and poor digital skills. On the other hand, e-commerce adoption contributed to market expansion and business sustainability through organized logistics, packaging, and digital support systems. Although digital infrastructure and access are vital, they still negatively affect the digital marketing effectiveness, which highlights the connectivity and skill deficiency issue. Sustainable digital marketing practices played a prominent role in the growth of the businesses, and they also positively impacted by being the major contributor to the transparency of business operations and the minimization of the project's negative environmental impact. The research results highlight the need for skillful digital marketing users and, at the same time, underline the need for effective infrastructure that creates a vibrant and effective Jharkhand rural entrepreneurial ecosystem.

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 Keywords

Digital sustainable marketing, rural entrepreneurship, social media marketing, e-commerce adoption, business resilience

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Ganga-Meghna-Bramhaputra basin is one of the major arsenic-contaminated hotspot in the world. To assess the level of severity of arsenic contamination, concentrations of arsenic in irrigation water, soil, rice, wheat, common vegetables, and pulses, intensively cultivated and consumed by the people of highly arsenic affected Nadia district, West Bengal, India, were investigated. Results revealed that the arsenic-contaminated irrigation water (0.318- 0.643 mg l-1) and soil (5.70-9.71 mg kg-1) consider- ably influenced in the accumulation of arsenic in rice, pulses, and vegetables in the study area. Arsenic concentrations of irrigation water samples were many folds higher than the WHO recommended permissible limit for drinking water (0.01 mg l-1) and FAO permissible limit for irrigation water (0.10 mg l-1). But, the levels of arsenic in soil were lower than the reported global average of 10.0 mg kg-1 and was much below the EU recommended maximum accept- able limit for agricultural soil (20.0 mg kg-1). The present study reveals that pulses grown in the study area are safe for consumption, for now. But, the arsenic accumulation in the crops should be monitored periodically as the level of arsenic toxicity in the study area is increasing day by day.

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 Keywords

Arsenic, Irrigation water, Crop, Vegetable, Pulses, West Bengal

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This paper examines the gendered negotiation of belonging through an intertextual analysis of gender representation across selected literary texts . It explores how gender identities are constructed , contested and redefined through dialogues between texts, traditions and social- cultural- contexts . By employing intertextuality as a critical framework , the study highlights how narratives borrow , revise or resist earlier representations of gender to negotiate questions of inclusion, exclusion, and belonging . This paper argues that gender is not a fixed or isolated category but a relational and discursive construct shaped by textual interactions and historical power structures . Through close textual analysis , the study reveals how intertextual references enable marginalized genders to articulate agency, challenge normative identities and reimagine spaces of belonging .

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 Keywords

Intertextuality, Cultural Discourse, Identity Construction, Gendered Belonging

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