Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Though 'irretrievable Breakdown of marriage' is not a ground of divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act and Special Marriage Act. The Supreme court of India on dt. 4th oct. 2019 in civil appeal No. 4696/2013 R. sriniwaskumar V. R. Shametha has, in significant ruling, said divorce can be granted if a marriage is totally unworkable, emotionally dead and beyond salvage. Coming to the rescue of a man fighting a legal battle for divorce for a last two decades as his plea was bench of Justice S.K Kaul and MR shah invoked the SC's inherent power under article 142 to do "Complete Justice" and allowed the petition saying the marriage had broken irretrievably. In the case before the SC, the couple had been living for the last 22 years after their relationship ran into rough weather just a few years after marriage in 1993. The apex court in a series of verdicts has asked the Centre to amend the law to introduce irretrievable breakdown as a ground of divorce but the law remains unamended, and divorce is denied even if the couple are not living together for years and their relationship bruised beyond repair. This effective denies them an opportunity to explore life afresh as their marriage survives in law even if not in substance. Even the Law Commission, in its reports in 1978 and 2009, recommended the Centre to take "immediate action" to amend the laws with regards to "Irretrievable breakdown" whereas "wedlock become a deadlock". As the Centre failed to act on the Suggestion, the apex court has from time-to-time invoked Article 142 to grant divorce even though existing laws do not recognize the ground of divorce. "The Court, in a series of judgment's, has exercised its inherent power under article 142 of the Constitution of India for dissolution of a marriage where the court finds that the marriage is totally unworkable, emotionally dead, beyond salvage and has broken down irretrievably, even if the facts of the case do not provide a ground in law on which divorce could be granted", the court said. The SC said, "In present case, admittedly, the Husband and wife have been living separately for more than 22 years, and it will not be possible for the parties to live together. Therefore, we are of the opinion that while protecting the interest of the respondent wife and compensate her by way of lump sum permanent alimony, this is a fit case to exercise the power under Article 142 to dissolve the marriage between the parties." The bench rejected the wife's plea that the marriage cannot be dissolved without her consent and granted relief to husband after noting that all efforts to continue the marriage had failed and there was no possibility of a reunion because of the strained relations between the parties. "If both the parties to the marriage agree for separation permanently and/or consent for divorce, in that case, certainly both the parties can move the competent court for a decree of divorce by mutual consent. Only in a case where one of the parties does not agree... only then the power under Article 142 of the Constitution of India is required to be invoked to do the substantial justice between the parties, considering the facts and circumstances of the case".

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Irretrievable Breakdown of Marriage ,Non-consummation

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 Abstract

Uchch Maadhyamik Star Ke Vigyaan Sankaay Mein Anutteern Vidyaarthiyon Ke Paarivaarik Samaayojan Ka Adhyayan

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Uchch Maadhyamik Star Ke Vigyaan Sankaay Mein Anutteern Vidyaarthiyon Ke Paarivaarik Samaayojan Ka Adhyayan

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Dystonia is one of the neurologic movement disorders characterized by uncontrollable muscle movements ranging from mild to severe. It can affect one or multiple parts of the body. Many affected patients also experience painful muscle spasms and cramps. These involuntary contractions may cause twisting, repetitive movements and abnormal postures. These affects the patient's overall quality of life and his ability to do daily activities. The exact cause of dystonia still remains unknown, but is believed to be a combination of genetic as well as environmental factors.

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Dystonia, Movement disorder

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Mental computation is an essential element of mathematical understanding at the secondary school level, as it supports accuracy, efficiency, and numerical reasoning. However, classroom practice often emphasizes fixed procedural algorithms, which may limit students' conceptual flexibility and number sense. The present study introduces an innovative multiplication strategy, termed the Base Deviation Grid (BDG) Method, designed to provide a structured and systematic approach to base-oriented multiplication. To investigate its instructional effectiveness, a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group design was employed with Grade IX students. Comparative analysis of achievement and speed measures revealed that students exposed to the BDG Method outperformed their peers taught through conventional multiplication techniques. The results indicate that structured mental-mathematics frameworks such as the BDG Method can significantly enhance students' computational performance and conceptual understanding in secondary mathematics classrooms.

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Mental Computation; Multiplication Techniques; Base Deviation Grid Method; Mathematics Pedagogy; Secondary Mathematics Educatio

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Mutual funds have become a favored investment option for salaried people in India because of their benefits of diversification, professional oversight, and alignment with long-term financial objectives. Over the last two decades, several studies have examined the awareness, preferences, risk perception, and decision-making behaviour of salaried mutual fund investors. The review paper assesses existing academic literature on mutual fund investment behaviour among salaried individuals in India. The study identifies key determinants influencing investment decisions such as financial literacy, income level, risk tolerance, tax benefits and the role of digital platforms. It also highlights major research gaps and suggests directions for future research. The review aims to provide a consolidated understanding of how salaried individuals perceive and adopt mutual fund investments with respect to Indian context.

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Mutual Fund, Investment, Salaried, long-term, SIP, Financial Literacy

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Abstract: Today, Science and Technology made significant role in development of country, different types of satellite working in geostationary orbit to collect the data from atmosphere, Earth. From the last year, India celebrates 23rd August as Astronomical year, to remember the Great and first visionary Scientists Aryabhatta for his great contribution in the field astronomy. Nowadays, his contribution in the field of science and technology is very useful for mankind to uplift his lifestyle in all the fields such as research and development, education sector, communication technology, space technology etc. To observe the crops and fertilize land using remote sensing and GIS technology is very essential and helpful for the farmers. Traditional farming was depended only on the observation and conclusions made by old farmers which has many boundaries and limitations. Every farmer has made his own personalized views, how to cultivate and which types of crops to be taken during the season. In this paper we are going to discuss use of smart technology -remote sensing and geographical information system which is very needful to the farmers. What is the benefit to the farmers by using smart technology? What is mean by Remote Sensing? What is the Geographical Information System, How the Information is process and how does it works, Data Collection and processing of different geographical areas, Classification of crops, development area of new cities, danger situation of the floods, Use of GIS to measure pH level of soil, types of soil in different areas, direction and flow of rivers, direction and flow of air, drone technology for cultivation of crops, to measure growth of crops, increasing yields of crops, knowledge of metrological analysis is useful to the farmers for this purpose this topic is taken for development and technology awareness to the farmers.

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Key Words: RST, GIS, Science and Technology, Data collection and processing, Agriculture

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The moving depiction of modern Nigerian society, which is characterized by social injustice, economic instability, and moral ambiguity, can be found in Ayobami Adebayo's A Spell of Good Things. In order to examine how luxury and poverty affect people's decisions, relationships, and moral obligations, the work weaves together the lives of two families from very different socioeconomic backgrounds: the wealthy Solas and the destitute Alayides. The story highlights the frailty of hope and the delusion of short-term respite in an unfair system against a backdrop of gasoline scarcity, political corruption, and violence. Adebayo emphasizes the psychological and emotional effects of deprivation and moral complacency through a variety of viewpoints, especially those of Eniola and Wuraola. The work emphasizes the connection between personal suffering and societal failure while criticizing silence and inaction as forms of complicity. In order to make the case that A Spell of Good Things serves as a potent social critique and illustrates how goodness remains ephemeral and vulnerable in the absence of justice and structural change, this article looks at the novel's themes, characterization, symbolism, and narrative method.

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Poverty and inequality, hope and illusion, moral responsibility, and socio-political critique.

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Indian arts, often featuring myth, religion, and folklore underwent a pathbreaking transition after the 1947 partition of India. Literature and arts produced post partition began navigating the trauma, pain and human suffering caused by the violence and human displacement. The inquiry into the academic scholarship shows a considerable amount of literature that has been published on this cataclysmic event and its aftermath, indicating diverse perspectives. Yet, studies based on the nuanced representation of trauma and emotional rupture in the visual arts are limited. Therefore, based on the select partition-themed paintings of artists like Satish Gujral and S.L. Parasher, this study examines how colours articulate emotions like despair and disbelief. Through the adoption of a mixed qualitative approach of interpreting the chromatic implications and the psychological aspect, this study also sheds light on how colour plays as an active agent of emotional communication, specifically how psychological and emotional resonances are evoked by colours. Through the ekphrastic analysis of the select paintings based on partition themes, it was exposed that the paintings have adapted a muted or monochromatic undertone to convey the idea of disbelief and to create the atmosphere of grief. Further expeditions on colour psychology, aligning with the historical context, unveiled the potentiality of paintings as visual documentation of the struggles faced by the people due to the displacement and violence. Based on paintings, further studies could also explore the possibilities of paintings as visual archives and as a capable means of information dissemination that underwent deterioration due to the rise of digital media and AI technologies

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Paintings, visual elements, monochrome, ekphrastic analysis, partition, etc

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This study aspires to carry out an exploratory systematic literature review to broadly investigate how behavioral prejudices were developed due to investors' financial crisis and high uncertainty situation investment decisions over time. A deep literary analysis was conducted to investigate the possible research contribution in the area of investors' investment decisions. In the selected topic of study 190 publications were listed from the SCOPUS database. To examine research works in the field of investment decisions, VOSviewer was applied for bibliometric analysis. The papers and articles published each year, the most influential papers and articles, the top journals, the top authors, and significant keywords are all explained by the systematic literature review. Additionally, this study identifies the prevalent behavioral biases that investors use while making decisions. The major concerns and theoretical justifications for behavioral biases in investing decisions are taken in this research work.

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Investors' sentiment, Overconfidence, Representativeness, Regret Aversion, Herding, Investors, Investment Decision- Making.

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This article presents an enhanced Vogel Approximation Method (VAM) for fixed-point issues in transportation systems. Two improved algorithms are suggested to produce better initial feasible solutions, as well as a third way for fixed-point formulation, since traditional VAM frequently produces poor results for unbalanced issues. Furthermore, a web-based model that provides more precise and economical solutions for single-supply and single-demand scenarios is developed using successive under-relaxation and Gauss-Seidel iteration approaches.

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Fixed-point problem; Transportation model; Vogel Approximation Method (VAM); Improved heuristic algorithms; Initial feasible solution; Unbalanced transportation problem

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