Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Rehabilitation of partially or completely edentulous patients with extensive alveolar bone loss continues to pose a significant challenge in prosthodontic practice. Conventional removable and fixed prostheses may fail to provide adequate function, esthetics, and patient satisfaction in such clinical situations. Hybrid prosthesis has emerged as a predictable and effective treatment modality, combining the advantages of fixed and removable prosthetic concepts to restore oral function and facial harmony. A hybrid prosthesis is typically implant-supported and consists of a rigid substructure with an overlying prosthetic component that replaces missing teeth and supporting soft tissues. This narrative review aims to present an overview of hybrid prosthesis, including its evolution, classification, materials used, indications, contraindications, and clinical applications. Emphasis is also placed on biomechanical considerations, advantages, limitations, and common complications associated with hybrid prosthetic rehabilitation. Recent advances in digital workflows and CAD-CAM technologies have further enhanced treatment accuracy and long-term outcomes. Within the limitations of this narrative review, hybrid prosthesis can be considered a reliable treatment option for patients with complex restorative needs when appropriate case selection, meticulous planning, and regular maintenance protocols are followed.

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Hybrid prosthesis, implant-supported prosthesis, full-arch rehabilitation, prosthodontics, digital dentistry

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The role of physics in visual effects (VFX) has revolutionized the way digital media simulates reality, offering audiences greatly immersive and believable experiences. At the core of these effects lies the science of physics, which provides the tools and principles necessary to simulate motion, gravity, friction, and complex natural phenomena. Physics enables filmmakers to showcase events and environments that would otherwise be impossible to capture, such as intergalactic travel, massive explosions, or fluid-like motions of water and fire. One of the most prominent applications of physics in VFX is the use of Newton's laws of motion to create realistic movement. Whether animating characters in films like The Incredible or choreographing car chases in the Fast & Furious franchise, these laws ensure that objects behave naturally under forces like gravity, friction, and inertia. This paper explores the crucial role physics plays in realism, interaction, and immersion in VFX industry. Physics-based simulations govern the behaviour of objects, particles, and fluid ensuring that they follow the principles of nature, such as gravity, motion, friction, and deformation. From rigid body dynamics to fluid simulations to render realistic representation of water, fire, and smoke, physics adds to the visual authenticity and interactivity through its clever application in VFX. The paper also highlights the functionality of popular

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Visual Effects (VFX), Physics-Based Simulation, Newton's Laws of Motion, Rigid Body Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Particle Systems, Cloth Simulation, Navier-Stokes Equations, Conservation of Energy and Momentum, Realism in Digital Media

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The current paper applies to an ethnographic and sociological approach to examine how the Moran people are portrayed in Latin Assamese film. It aims to explain how the cultural identity of an under-represented indigenous population, of the Moran people living in the area, is created, negotiated, or falsified in Assamese filmic productions. Based on a qualitative approach, the study unites the filmic analysis with the ethnographic data, which are collected based on the interactions with the audience members, community stakeholders and filmmakers. The study will reveal the implicit discourses of identity, peripherality and place by analyzing some Assamese films that prefigure Moran people, places or cultural constructs. The paper also asks the question of how Assamese cinema is the embodiment and shaper of the social realities through the prism of its cultural art. The research results are likely to improve our understanding of ethnic representation, change in regional identities, and the importance of visual culture in recording and explaining the experiences of the indigenous in Northeast India.

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Moran community, ethnography, Assamese Cinema

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Women entrepreneurship has emerged as an essential force of economic development, promoting innovation, employment generation, and social empowerment. However, socio-economic conditions significantly influence entrepreneurial performance and sustainability, especially in developing regions. The present study examines the socio-economic characteristics of women entrepreneurs in the Kalaburagi and Bidar districts of the Kalyana Karnataka region using primary data collected through structured questionnaires. The study focuses on demographic profiles, enterprise characteristics, support systems, and economic conditions that shape women's entrepreneurial experiences. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses from 50 women entrepreneurs. The findings indicate that majority of the respondents belong to the working-age group, operate micro and small enterprises, come from low to middle-income households, and face infrastructural, financial, and technological challenges. The study concludes with suggestions for policy interventions aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial ecosystems in backward regions.

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Keywords: Women entrepreneurs, Socio-economic conditions, technology, Kalaburagi, Bidar, Kalyana Karnataka.

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The science of healthy life, Ayurveda, addresses both normal and pathological conditions. Being a comprehensive therapeutic approach, it places equal emphasis on preserving health and energy as well as treating illnesses. It offers information on lifestyle choices, diet, and body care that support wellbeing. Although references to medicinal concepts can be found in a number of Vedas, the Atharva Veda provides the main basis for Ayurveda.Numerous illnesses, their origins, and the best dietary and behavioural practices to combat them are all covered in Ayurveda. Mythology states that Prajapati Daksha received Ayurvedic knowledge from the creator Lord Brahma, who then passed it on to the Ashwini kumara twins. After that, they sent this knowledge along to Lord Indra, who gave Lord Dhanwantari the order to propagate Ayurveda across the world. Acharya Sushruta, a renowned surgeon and disciple of Lord Dhanwantari, compiled the Sushruta Samhita, a seminal text on surgery. Acharya Charaka, who lived between the second century BCE and the second century CE, authored the Charaka Samhita, a foundational text on general medicine. These two texts serve as the cornerstone of Ayurveda.According to ancient Indian philosophy, the universe comprises five fundamental elements (Pancha Bhutas): Prithvi (Earth), Ap (Water), Teja (Fire), Vayu (Air), Akash (Ether) All entities in the universe, including human beings and food, arise from these elements, establishing an intrinsic harmony between the macrocosm (the universe) and the microcosm (the individual).

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Yonivyapad; Ritucharya; Rajasvalacharya; Yonishoolahar Kashaya

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Abstract Ayurveda, an eternal science grounded in fundamental and immutable principles, considers Prakriti as one of its core concepts. Prakriti represents the innate constitutional makeup of an individual, determined at the time of conception by the predominance of Tridosha, and remains unaltered throughout life. It governs physical structure, physiological functions, psychological attributes, disease susceptibility, and individual responses to internal and external stimuli. Ageing (Jara or Vriddhavastha) is described in Ayurveda as a natural and inevitable process characterized by gradual degeneration of tissues, decline in functional capacity, and dominance of Vata Dosha. Although ageing is a physiological phenomenon, classical texts emphasize the contributory role of Doshas--particularly Pitta, owing to its Ushna, Tikshna, Sara, and Amla properties--in accelerating degenerative changes. Individuals with Pitta-predominant Prakriti are described as being more susceptible to early manifestations of ageing such as greying of hair, wrinkling of skin, and reduced tissue endurance.This review attempts to critically re-evaluate the interrelationship between Prakriti and the process of ageing, integrating classical Ayurvedic descriptions with contemporary concepts of senescence. Understanding constitutional predisposition offers a valuable framework for individualized preventive strategies and lifestyle modifications aimed at achieving healthy ageing. Keywords: Ageing, Jara, Prakriti, Tridosha, Pitta, Senescence

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Keywords: Ageing, Jara, Prakriti, Tridosha, Pitta, Senescence

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Background:Glaucoma, often termed the silent thief of sight, is a progressive optic neuropathy that leads to irreversible blindness if left undiagnosed and untreated. Globally, it affects over 80 million individuals, with nearly half unaware of their condition until significant vision loss has occurred. Timely diagnosis and a holistic treatment approach are essential to preserve ocular health. Objectives:To review and highlight recent innovations in glaucoma research and treatment strategies, including artificial intelligence, nanotechnology-based drug delivery, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy, with an emphasis on their role in early diagnosis, improved management, and prevention of irreversible vision loss. Materials and Methods:Contemporary texts, articles, scientific journals are referred. Result: Modern tools like AI have significantly improved early detection rates of glaucoma by providing rapid, accurate analysis. Nanocarriers have enhanced ocular drug delivery, addressing limitations of conventional therapy. Gene and stem cell-based therapies offer new hope in maintaining retinal ganglion cell function and regulating intraocular pressure (IOP). However, structural changes such as in the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) remained largely unaffected. Discussion and Conclusion: Glaucoma remain a leading cause of irreversible blindness due to its silent and progressive nature, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and effective management. Recent advances such as artificial intelligence have improved screening accuracy and disease monitoring, while nano-therapy has enhanced ocular drug delivery and patient compliance. Emerging gene and stem cell therapies show promise in neuroprotection and long-term disease modification, though they remain largely experimental.

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Glaucoma, Artificial intelligence, Gene therapy, Stem cell therapy, Nano therapy.

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The present study examines the effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Strategies in enhancing the achievement of 9th standard students in Science. A quantitative experimental research design employing a pre-test-post-test control group design was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of 60 ninth-grade students, selected through random sampling and assigned equally to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was instructed using cooperative learning strategies such as Think-Pair-Share, Jigsaw, and Group Investigation, whereas the control group received instruction through the conventional lecture method. Data were collected using a standardized and validated achievement test in Science developed by the investigator. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test). The findings revealed a statistically significant difference in post-test achievement scores between the experimental and control groups, favoring the experimental group. The results indicate that cooperative learning strategies significantly enhance students' academic achievement in Science at the secondary school level. The study underscores the need for incorporating cooperative learning approaches in classroom instruction to improve conceptual understanding and learning outcomes.

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Cooperative Learning Strategies; Academic Achievement; Science Education; Secondary School Students; Experimental Method; Statistical Analysis

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Health insurance is an important component in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 3 (SDG 3), which aims to ensure healthy lifestyles and promote well-being for people of all ages. Health insurance enables equitable and inexpensive health care services by shielding families from costly or unexpected health-care expenses. In Assam, the government has created a number of health insurance policies to safeguard individuals from catastrophic medical expenses. Assam has higher coverage for health insurance than the national average. Still, out-of-pocket expenses are higher in the state. It will be easier to achieve SDG3 by raising awareness, enhancing accessibility, and affordability, as well as upgrading health infrastructure

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Health Insurance, Out of Pocket Expenditure, SDG3, Catastrophic effect

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ABSTRACT The Natural products are being used as medicaments in human ailments since from civilization or even earlier dates includes the plants, animals or inorganic substances. The use of animals and animal products along with medicinal plants as medicine is the basis of many traditional systems, known as Zootherapy. The present investigation deals with the therapeutic uses of animal products as ingredients which may act as carrier of active principle in folk medicine used by the tribal people of Rayalaseema region. Taxonomic analysis and systematic evaluation of the plant samples yielded 74 species of 67 genera belonging to 39 families. Part wise analysis of animal drugs as ingredients used in ethnomedicine revealed that cow products i.e. urine and milk are major ingredients, followed by goat products, honey and eggs, and mother's milk. A few products might be used directly on the affected parts in case of knee pain or muscle pains. Disease-wise analysis of drugs revealed the use of animal byproducts in poisonous bites, skin diseases, bone fractures, stomach problems, family planning, asthma, etc. These are common diseases in the study area, have been discussed.

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thnomedicine, animal by-products as ingredients, botanical resources

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