Volume 12 | Issue 1 |

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Image enhancement is a pivotal aspect of computer vision, seamlessly blending the realms of art and science. Its importance is underscored in various applications, including high-quality digital imaging, where the aim is to reveal hidden details and enhance contrast in low-quality images. The techniques employed in image enhancement offer a versatile toolkit for addressing challenges such as noise reduction, degradation, and blurring. This comprehensive overview combines insights from various research papers, presenting a spectrum of image enhancement techniques and algorithms, with a particular focus on spatial domain methods. By synthesizing these perspectives, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners striving to develop efficient solutions in the field of digital image processing.

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Multi-Scale Retinex (MSR) and Luminance Inversion,image manipulation, Image recovery, Spatial and Frequency Spectrum Domain, Histogram.

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The present work aims to find out dimensions of service quality and to develop a scale for measuring Service Quality with reference to Tourism Industry of Uttar Pradesh. The study is based on primary data using a sample of 200 tourists (out of which 138 responses were fit to be used) who have visited Ayodhya, Prayagraj, Structured questionnaire was made to study various touring objectives. The result identified eight factors of service quality i.e., Money Value, tourism experience, Hospitality, Timely And Accurate Information, Facilities, Security, Affordable Price, Health & Hygiene) in the Tourism Industry of Uttar Pradesh. The paper has been concluded by summarizing the work and providing directions for future research.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Tourism industry, dimension, Health and Hygiene, Affordable Price, tourists

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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MANET has shown to be very successful in remote sectors, such as emergency services, disaster management, military applications, and the automation sector.Our main goal is to evaluate the network's performance using both live video feeds and static graphics. We start this assessment with transfer learning using image datasets on the networks.The next action is to assess the prediction accuracy for the same object in still images and live video streams. A range of accuracy percentages are identified, documented, and displayed in subsequent sections.Verifying if prediction accuracy varies for each CNN that is chosen is a crucial performance evaluation criterion.As an alternative to the existing distance finding approaches and semantic-based methods, the implementation of the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) optimization strategy provides a novel approach to enhance document analysis and categorization.By extracting textual content from image data, the algorithm's accuracy is significantly increased.When processing a variety of photos, including ones with a wide range of features and complexity, the GSA technique proved to be robust.Moreover, contrasting the GSA's performance with other state-of-the-art optimization techniques would enable us to better understand its effectiveness in image classification.

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Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Mobile ADHOC Network (MANET), Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP)

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A Light IoT, a small and safe communication solution, is recommended for data sharing across the healthcare infrastructure's equipment.

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IoT, Healthcare, Data, Communication, Security

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Due to climatic changes, the marine planktonic system is affected worldwide, potentially causing a rise in the severity and intensity of harmful algal blooms. However, the lack of fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms behind harmful algal blooms, forecasting their future prevalence is challenging. There are viable concerns about the factors that influence the extension and initiation of HABs. To know the processes that control the growth of HABs, it is necessary to answer fundamental questions about the occurrence, extent, intensity, and timing in each system. In the past few years, harmful algal blooms coming from the unrestricted proliferation of algae occur often throughout the world's coastal water, causing significant ecological damage, toxic contamination of aquatic life, major economic losses due to decreasing tourism, and in some cases even human fatality. In many countries, according to numerous studies it is reported that algal blooms caused immense economic loss has their impact on fish and shellfish culture. Therefore, Understanding the correlation between rising water temperatures, nutrient cycling, and the emergence of harmful algal blooms is paramount due to their devastating consequences. The occurrence of bloom will depend upon numerous factors such as nutrient input, upwelling of water, flow condition, water condition (PH, turbidity), temperature and local ecology interaction of organisms within and with the environment. These blooms can inflict lasting damage on marine ecosystems, disrupt nutrient cycles, endanger aquatic life, compromise water quality, and pose a threat to human health and economies that depend on coastal resources. Exploring this connection is crucial for making reliable decisions on variations due to climatic changes, resource management, and environmental conservation initiatives. This guarantees that our oceans remain robust and preserves the welfare of both ecosystems and communities. Several factors influence the level of eutrophication of water bodies' flow rate, retention time, pollutant concentration, and standing or flowing system, fast Moving water bodies require more concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen inflow aid to prevail in eutrophic condition, while gradually moving water bodies are more vulnerable to the effect of enrichment due to higher detention time. This study examines the influence of climate change on Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), including changes in temperature, stratification, light availability, ocean acidification, and nutrient inputs. It aims to fill research gaps in HAB initiation and growth, recognizing their significant consequences on ecosystems and human health. Additionally, it investigates the influence of flow rate, retention time, pollutant concentration, and water system type on eutrophication, offering insights for mitigation and management.

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climatic changes, planktonic system, harmful algal blooms, coastal water, aquatic life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The presence of depression among any individual has been a serious problem in personal as well as public health. A large amount of people including students are suffering from the depression but not all are getting overcome by adequate treatment. This depression, commonly known to people by the word Stress is a psychological condition which reduces the amount of sleep and affects almost each and every aspect of life. Thus this paper is proposed to provide an effective method able to detect the cognitive stress levels amongst students using various techniques. Though not every stress is harmful, sometimes it can be used for constructive purpose; the high level of stress among the student generation can lead to adverse impact on them which cannot be useful for their personal development. Thus, it became necessary to study the techniques by which the presence of stress can be known.

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Keywords--stress detection,Depression,Classification algorithm,data.

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Hand gesture recognition has garnered significant attention due to its applications in diverse fields such as human- computer interaction, sign language translation, and virtual reality. This review paper presents a comprehensive survey of the advancements in hand gesture recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The utilization of CNNs, a class of deep learning algorithms, has revolutionized the accuracy and robustness of gesture recognition systems by enabling the extraction of intricate spatial features from image data. The paper delves into the key approaches and architectures employed for CNN-based hand gesture recognition, highlighting the evolution of model designs and their efficacy in capturing gesture intricacies. The review encompasses an analysis of various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and training strategies utilized for training CNN models. It examines the performance metrics commonly employed for evaluating these models, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Real-world applications, ranging from immersive gaming experiences to assistive technologies for differently-abled individuals, are explored, underscoring the practical implications of CNN-driven advancements in the field. Moreover, this survey critically discusses the challenges faced by CNN-based gesture recognition systems, such as dealing with varying lighting conditions, hand poses, and gesture complexities. The paper offers insights into future directions, including multi- modal fusion and enhanced real-time performance, to further improve the accuracy and applicability of hand gesture recognition using CNNs

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Hand Gesture Recognition, Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN Applications, Deep Learning in Gesture Recognition, Spatial Feature Extraction, Gesture Analysis Techniques, Human-Computer Interaction, Real-World Applications.

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Data Security victimisation Image Steganography is Associate in Nursing art of concealment the very fact that communication is taking place, by hiding data in another information. The proposed system uses steganography technique to include more security to the information for the purpose of improving data security. Many different media file formats can be used for image steganography. However, digital images are the most popular because they are widely used on the Internet to hide sensitive data or confidential information in images. There are many steganography techniques, some of which are more effective. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. Different applications have different requirements for the steganography technology used, because, for example, in some applications, secret information may have to be completely invisible, while in other applications, larger secrets must be hidden news. This project is used to hide the message within the image. For a more secure approach, the project allows the sender or the user to select any BMP cover image with the secret text or the confidential text data and hide it into the image with the bit replacement, it helps to generate more secure steganographic image. The steganographic image is sent to the destination with the help of private or public communication network as per the choice of the sender like e-mail, whatsapp or any other medium. On the other side receiver downloads the steganographic image and using the software retrieves the secret text hidden in the steganographic image.

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Image Steganography, Bitmap, Least Significant Bit algorithm

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), is widely destributed throughout the world and belongs to the Fabacecae family. It is an old medicinal plant and has been commonly used as a traditional food and medecine. Fenugreek is known to have hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolaemic effects. Recent research has identified fenugreek as a valuable medicinal plant with potential for multipurpose uses and also as a source for preparing raw materials of pharmaceutical industry, especially steroidal hormone. It is a rich source of calcium, iron and other vitamins. In this study after a general discussion of physio-chemical constituents. This review includes antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, antibacterial and antifungal, anti-inflammatory , gastro protective, anti-cancer and to treat cardiovascular diseases. Also, different evaluation test for the Fenugreek plant.

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Methi, Ayurvedic, Antioxidant, seed.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition