Volume 12 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Introduction:. Digital impressions in implant dentistry rely on many variables, and their accuracy, particularly in complete edentulous patients, is not well understood. Aim : The purpose of this literature review was to determine which factors may influence the accuracy of digital impressions in implant dentistry. Emphasized attention was given to the design of the intra-oral scan body (ISB) and scanning techniques. Materials and methods. A Medline, PubMed and EBSCO Host databases search, complemented by a hand search, was performed in order to select relevant reports regarding the appliance of digital impressions in implant dentistry.. The related titles and abstracts were screened, and the remaining articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for full-text readings. Results : The literature search conducted for this review initially resulted in 108 articles, among which only 25 articles fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. Studies were evaluated according to five subjects: accuracy of digital impressions in implant dentistry; the design and material of the intra-oral scan bodies; scanning technique; the influence of implants depth/angulations on the digital impression and accuracy of different intra-oral scanner devices. Conclusions. The accuracy of digital impressions in implant dentistry depends on several aspects. The depth/angulation of the implant, the experience of the operator, the intra-oral scanner used, and environmental conditions may influence the accuracy of digital impressions in implant dentistry. However, it seems that ISBs' design and material, as well as scanning technique, have a major impact on the trueness and precision of digital impressions in implant dentistry. Future research is suggested for the better understanding of this subject. Keywords: digital impressions, implant dentistry, intra-oral scan bodies, intra-oral scanner, accuracy, scanning technique, implant depth, implant angulation, conventional impressions for implant

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digital impressions, implant dentistry, intra-oral scan bodies, intra-oral scanner, accuracy, scanning technique, implant depth, implant angulation, conventional impressions for implant

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's major conditions. It presently affects an estimated143 million people worldwide and the number is growing fleetly. In the India, about 1- 5 population suffer from diabetes or related complication. So there's need to cure this complaint. Anti-diabetic medicines treat diabetes mellitus by lowering glucose situations in the blood. With the exceptions of insulin, exenatide, and pramlintide, all are administered orally and are therefore also called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents. There are different classes ofanti-diabetic medicines, and their selection depends on the nature of the diabetes, age and situation of the person, as well as other factors. Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a complaint caused by the lack of insulin. Insulin must be used in Type 1, which must be fitted or gobbled. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a complaint of insulin resistance by cells. Treatments include agents which increase the quantum of insulin buried by the pancreas, agents which increase the perceptivity of target organs to insulin. Experimenters around the world substantially concentrated on insulin, insulin analogues, oral hypoglycemic agents and colorful other reciprocal and alternate drugs to control the blood glucose situations in diabetes. The present review summarizes the colorful antidiabetic medicines for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The threat factors that are responsible for diabetes are inheritable factor, rotundity, hypertension etc. Conventionally numerous medicines are used for the treatment of diabetes similar as biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides etc. But the asked effective treatment is still not to be achieved. So inquiries are going on for the development of alternate effective remedy against diabetes.

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Antidiabetic drugs ,Oral hypoglycemic agents , Diagnosis , Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

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Cryptocurrencies have emerged as a disruptive force in the global financial landscape, challenging traditional banking systems. India, with its burgeoning tech-savvy population, has been an active participant in the crypto currency market. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Cryptocurrencies on the banking system in India. It explores the opportunities and challenges posed by Cryptocurrencies, their regulatory framework, and the potential transformation of the banking sector.

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Cryptocurrencies, Banking, Bit coin, financial, regulatory framework, Money.

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The aim of this research paper is to examine the critical ideas of Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of Carnivalesque in the light of R.K Laxman's political cartoons. Laxman's cartoons significantly throw light on the major aspects of Carnivalesque theory. However, this paper addresses Bakhtin's main ideas such as laughter, grotesque realism, language, and eccentric behavior through Laxman's cartoons. Moreover, Laxman's political cartoons are built on the aesthetic grounds of the central aspects of Bakhtin's theory of Carnivalesque theory, and they resemble aspects of Carnivalesque theory. In fact, the theory of Carnivalesque and political cartoons are two different genres, but still the bottom roots of Laxman's political cartoons explicitly cling to the bottom roots of Carnivalesque theory. His cartoons are tied up with the central subjects of Carnivalesque theory. We must recognize the truth that Mikhail Bakhtin and R.K Laxman dig out the grimmer realities of society through their works. Moreover, they both used laughter and grotesqueness as a tool to create the comic atmosphere, and to exhibit the reality behind the scenes.

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Carnivalesque, Political cartoons, R.K Laxman, Laughter, Mikhail Bakhtin.

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Breast cancer, with its diverse subtypes and complex molecular pathways, necessitates tailored treatments targeting receptors like ER?, PR, and HER2. Endocrine therapies, including SERMs and AIs, alongside emerging CDK4/6 inhibitors, demonstrate efficacy in managing ER+ HER2- breast cancers. Understanding ER?'s role, treatment adherence, bone health considerations, and the impact of factors like lymph node status are crucial in optimizing treatment strategies. Precision medicine, genomic profiling, and immunotherapies hold promise in shaping the evolving landscape of breast cancer treatment. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of breast cancer and its impact on various demographics, encompassing global trends, endocrine therapies, prognostic indicators, estrogen's role in cancer development, and the complexities surrounding preventive measures, was conducted. The review includes in-depth insights into hormonal mechanisms, lifestyle influences, and treatment nuances across different populations, encompassing menopausal statuses, genetic predispositions, and psychosocial implications in young breast cancer survivors. Results: Discussions highlight the significance of endocrine status determination, adjuvant endocrine therapy efficacy, and the multifaceted considerations in treatment selection. Factors such as hormonal dynamics, comparative efficacy of AIs vs. Tamoxifen, and individualized approaches based on menopausal status underscore the importance of personalized medicine in breast cancer management. Discussion: The abstracted review delineates the complexities of breast cancer treatment, incorporating biological mechanisms, psychosocial impacts on survivors, global trends, and precision medicine's necessity. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, ongoing research, and risk-adapted strategies to optimize outcomes for diverse breast cancer populations

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Breast Cancer, Endocrine Therapy, Precision Medicine, Hormonal Dynamics, Global Trends, Young Survivors, Personalized Treatment

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This paper embarks upon a nuanced exploration of consciousness, employing a dual lens that intertwines rigorous scientific inquiry with the profound insights derived from Vedanta philosophy. In the initial segment, we deploy meticulous scientific methodologies to scrutinize the intricacies of conscious phenomena. Notwithstanding the strides made, our discernments accentuate the inherent limitations intrinsic to purely scientific approaches, revealing their inadequacies in apprehending the fundamental essence of consciousness. The paper rigorously scrutinizes the constraints of scientific inquiry in unraveling the intricate nature of consciousness and selfhood. Navigating the labyrinthine terrain of subjective realms, we confront the nuanced interplay between scientific objectivity and the inherently personal nuances of human experience looking at the inherent insufficiency of scientific methods by turning our attention towards the concept of objectivity and how sentience does not bow readily to the metrics of objectivity. Then, we went on to unfold the "Hard Problem of Consciousness' ', finally throwing some light on the practice of neural correlates and them by their inherent nature being incomplete in explaining consciousness as a pure phenomenon . While the scientific method excels in elucidating observable phenomena, the subjective dimensions of consciousness and self-awareness pose an eminent challenge. Consciousness, emblematic of subjective experience, vehemently resists facile quantification. The paper accentuates the intrinsic inadequacies of scientific methodologies in delving into the elusive profundities of the human psyche, underscoring the imperative for a more nuanced approach that seamlessly integrates subjective perspectives. The subsequent section of this discourse adopts a divergent perspective, immersing itself in the venerable wisdom of Vedanta philosophy to unveil the enigmatic facets of the soul. Drawing upon the opulent tapestry of Vedantic thought, we navigate the intricate realms of consciousness, endeavoring to cultivate a holistic understanding that transcends the circumscribed boundaries of empirical observation. This treatise embarks on a profound exploration into the elusive dimensions of self and consciousness, traversing the intricate expanse of Vedanta philosophy--an ancient bastion entrenched in the erudition of the Upanishads. In contradistinction to conventional scientific methodologies reliant upon empirical validation and objective substantiation, Vedanta elevates subjective experience as the paramount conduit to truth. Our expedition initiates with an incisive examination of the constraints inherent in scientific inquiry, unraveling the intricate Subjectivity Conundrum and contending with the formidable "hard problem of consciousness." Navigating into the domain of Vedanta, we meticulously scrutinize the notion of Atman as an eternal, distinct essence that transcends the ephemeral trappings of the material realm. We delve into the intricate dynamics between Jivatma and Paramatma, accentuating their individualistic facets while underscoring their profound devotional interconnection. Vedanta's philosophical stance on salvation, Moksha, surfaces as an eternal communion with Bhagavan, concurrently preserving the distinctiveness of individual identity. The core tenet of Vedanta manifests in Bhagavan as the Supreme Personality of Godhead--a benevolent divine presence that illuminates, sustains, and extends spiritual sanctuary. It is herein acknowledged that salvation is inextricably tied to devotion to Bhagavan, surpassing the mere pursuit of liberation and culminating in the zenith of spiritual cognizance. Culminating our journey, we discern that love, as the ultimate variety, transcends even the pursuit of Moksha. Devotion and love for the Divine, pivotal themes in Vedanta and extending into philosophies like Gaudiya Vaishnavism, epitomize the deepest and most intrinsic nature of the soul--an eternal yearning for a transcendent and affectionate communion. In summation, Vedanta, enriched by the sagacity of the Upanishads, proffers an erudite perspective on the nature of the self, consciousness, and ultimate verity. It beckons individuals to plumb the recesses of their souls, acknowledging the perennial thread interwoven in the fabric of existence, transcending the ephemeral nuances of life. Vedanta underscores the paramountcy of subjective experience as an authentic and discerning avenue for realizing truth, guiding seekers along a trajectory of profound devotion, surrender, and perpetual communion with the divine. Through this philosophical odyssey, we glean profound insights into a worldview that impels us to delve into the innermost sanctum of our consciousness, unveiling the eternal verities that have enraptured the intellects and hearts of seekers throughout the epochs. Embracing the subjective essence of our spiritual odyssey, we discern a pathway leading to self- realization, divine communion, and the apprehension of the deepest, truest, and most profound essence of our being-- love.

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Exploration, Distinctiveness, Consciousness, Acknowledgment, Existence, Self- realization, Devotion, Truth

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This review delves into the intricate world of delayed-release coated tablets, elucidating their pivotal role in oral site-specific drug delivery systems. The influence of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic traits on administration routes, particularly oral medication, is explored. Despite the prevalence of conventional oral dosage forms like capsules and tablets, concerns around drug toxicity and effectiveness have paved the way for novel drug delivery strategies.The focus turns to the significance of enteric coatings in facilitating drug delivery into the intestinal area, overcoming challenges posed by the gastrointestinal tract's microenvironment. Strategies like pH-sensitive drug release and time-controlled drug release have emerged to tackle these obstacles, exhibiting promising potential but also encountering variability in drug delivery due to individual gastric emptying times.The paper delves into the essentials of enteric coating materials, highlighting their attributes, composition, and ideal characteristics for effective drug protection and release. It evaluates newer materials for tablet coating and enumerates the advantages and disadvantages of enteric coatings, offering a comprehensive analysis of their mechanisms, equipment used, recent trends, coating processes, and potential defects. Additionally, the review encompasses pre- and post-compression characteristics of tablets, emphasizing the importance of factors like powder characteristics, tablet thickness, weight consistency, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and drug content uniformity.

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Oral Site Specific Delivery, Delayed Release, Enteric Coated Tablet, Recent Trend In Coating, Mechanism And Methods, Evaluation

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Background Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life forms. Every cell consists of a cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, and contains many biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and protein as well as many small molecules of nutrients and metabolites. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Cells can acquire specified function and carry out various tasks within the cell such as replication, DNA repair, protein synthesis, and motility. Cells are capable of specialization and mobility within the cell. Most cells are measured in micrometers due to their small size. METHODS AND MATERIALS A descriptive study design was used to accomplish the objectives. Study was undertaken on 110 nursing students in selected nursing institutes of Guwahati, Assam by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Structured knowledge questionnaire and 5-point Likert Scale were used to assess the level of knowledge and attitude. RESULTS The findings of the study depicts that out of 110-nursing students, majority, majority of the nursing students i.e., 92 (83.64%) have moderately adequately knowledge, 10 (9.09 %) have inadequate knowledge and 8 (7.27%) adequate knowledge. Regarding attitude majority i.e., 63 (57.27%) have moderate attitude, 47(42.73 %) have undesirable attitude with no desirable attitude towards stem cell harvesting. There was a positive correlation (r=0.504) between knowledge and attitude. CONCLUSION From this study, it was concluded that majority of the Nursing students had moderately adequate knowledge and majority of the Nursing students had desirable attitude regarding stem cell harvesting. Therefore, the investigator concluded that proper education; hands on training regarding stem cell harvesting are needed in order to improve the knowledge and attitude of nursing students.

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Knowledge, attitude, stem cell, harvesting.

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This comprehensive overview delves into the realm of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems, highlighting their significance, mechanisms, components, and evaluation methodologies. Buccal drug delivery stands as a promising alternative, offering localized and systemic effects with enhanced patient compliance. The review encapsulates the significance of mucoadhesion, emphasizing the role of the buccal mucosa due to its high permeability and blood supply. It investigates the mucoadhesive mechanisms, elucidating the contact and consolidation stages, supported by various theoretical frameworks. Detailed insights into the composition and physiology of mucous membranes enrich the understanding of drug-mucosa interactions. The role of penetration enhancers in augmenting drug absorption is outlined, discussing their mechanisms and categorization. Factors impacting mucoadhesion, including polymer characteristics, environmental factors, and physiological influences, are meticulously analyzed. The review elaborates on the basic components essential in designing buccal drug delivery systems, delineating the role of drug substances, bioadhesive polymers, backing membranes, plasticizers, and permeation enhancers. Furthermore, it categorizes these systems into solid, semi-solid, and liquid dosage forms, providing a comprehensive landscape of available formulations. Evaluation methodologies for these dosage forms, spanning in vitro and in vivo techniques, are discussed in detail. This includes methods to study buccal absorption, mucoadhesive strength, and various experimental techniques such as rheological studies, fluorescence probes, and gamma scintigraphy. Insights into the key advantages and disadvantages of these systems offer a balanced perspective. In conclusion, this review serves as a comprehensive guide, providing a detailed understanding of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery systems, their mechanisms, components, evaluation techniques, and associated advantages and limitations.

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Buccal mucosa, Gastric pH, Mucoadhesion, Penetration Enhancer

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Media is "catalyst nerve centre" of movement on every citizen. Today media become a part of everyone's life. Media plays a major role in today's society, now media become food to strengthen or weaken society. The purpose of a media is to give information about current news, entertainments, Fashion, and the latest gadgets in the marketplace of the people. The role of a media has to be one way trading and marketing of products, and prejudices. It gives geographical knowledge about how people divided. The media claimed to be governed by righteousness and equity for the common man to the rich man. Society is influenced by media in so many ways. It is the media for the masses that helps them to get information about a lot of things and also form opinions and make a judgment regarding various issues. Thus, media which keep people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world that everyone draws something from it.

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Organic product, Role of media

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