Volume 12 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Cryptography, derived from Greek, is the art of protecting data by transforming it into an obfuscated and unreadable format. This field blends mathematics and computer science. The internet's rapid expansion has increased public awareness of information security issues. Online security is very important, yet many apps are created without taking the three main goals of data security into account: secrecy, authentication, and integrity. As our daily activities become increasingly reliant on data networks, the importance of understanding these security issues and challenges will also rise. To prevent unauthorized access to data, cryptography is essential. This paper introduces a novel hybrid security cipher by merging the three most crucial ciphers: Gronsfeld, Polybius,Vigenere, ` and steganography. This hybrid encryption cipher offers significantly enhanced security compared to classic ciphers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cryptography, Data Security, Information Security, Hybrid Security Cipher, Gronsfeld Cipher, Polybius Cipher, Vigenere Cipher, Steganography, Encryption, Security Challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indian agriculture faces two main obstacles: economic and ecological. The Indian economy and society are based mostly on agriculture due to its significant contribution to job creation and means of subsistence. Approximately 43% of India's land area is devoted to agriculture. The industry receives its food, feed, and raw materials from this sector. In light of these facts, the Indian government has launched a number of national and regional measures to support the sustainable expansion of agriculture. Despite this, the GDP proportion of agriculture has been gradually declining in recent years. Numerous problems plague Indian farmers, including high input costs, low profitability, declining water tables, land degradation, and climate change hazards. Indian agriculture faces economic and ecological challenges, contributing to job creation and subsistence. Despite government measures, the GDP proportion of agriculture has declined, with high input costs, low profitability, declining water tables, land degradation, and climate change hazards affecting farmers. The majority of socioeconomic and environmental issues that resulted from unsustainable farming practices can be resolved by sustainable agriculture. The three primary objectives of sustainable agriculture are socioeconomic equity, economic profitability, and environmental health. Being aware of this, the Indian government has introduced a number of policies and programs that address the need for essential inputs in an environmentally friendly way. This document seeks to list and evaluate important Indian efforts, including the Soil Health Card program, PM Fasal Bima Yojna, PM Krishi Sinchayi Yojna, National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture, and Parampragat Krishi Vikas Yojna.The study's goal is to examine India's initiatives and strategies for the advancement of sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture addresses socioeconomic equity, economic profitability, and environmental health. The Indian government has implemented policies and programs like the Soil Health Card program, PM Fasal Bima Yojna, PM Krishi Sinchayi Yojna, National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture, and Parampragat Krishi Vikas Yojna to promote sustainable agriculture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sustainable Agriculture, Environment, Ecological balance, Food security, Initiatives, Degradation, Economy, Farmers" welfare, Strategy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bullying is an ongoing and deliberate misuse of power in relationship through repeated verbal, physical and social behaviour that intends to cause physical, social, and psychological harm which can be seen usually between school-aged children or teens. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of bullying among school children and to find out the association with selected demographic variables with a view to develop Bullying Prevention Programme among children. Data was collected from 213 school children through systematic random sampling technique by using Olweus Bullying Questionnaire at Dr. B.R Ambedkar Primary School and Bani Mandir Railway Higher Secondar School, Siliguri. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that 64.31% of school children were sometimes bullied, 24.41% were never bullied and 11.26% were always bullied and 48.35% of school children sometimes bullied others, 30% never bullied others and 21.59% always bullied others. The mean, median and standard deviation of victim of bulling score of the respondents were 12.23, 1302 and 16 respectively and the mean, median and standard deviation of about bullying other students score of the respondents were 5.24, 558 and 9.54 respectively. Statistically significant association were found between level of bullying with demographic variables like gender, education of child and residence at p<=0.50 level of significance. Statistically significant association were found between bullying other student with demographic variables like relationship with neighbours at p<=0.50 level of significance. The study concluded that there was prevalence of bullying among school children and researchers developed and conducted a Bullying Prevention Programme.

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 Keywords

Prevalence of Bullying, Bullying Prevention Programme, School Children

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In order to warn home owners before a fire completely destroys their homes, fire detection devices are crucial. But nowadays, constructing a fire alarm system requires a significant amount of wiring. Users are deterred from putting them in their houses as a result. As a result, we suggest a simple-to install wireless fire alarm system that is Internet of Things-based. The suggested system is made up of an ad hoc network made up of multiple nodes placed throughout the house. Each of these nodes consists of a microprocessor coupled to sensors measuring temperature, humidity, flame, methane, smoke, and carbon monoxide (CO). These sensors continuously check the environment for signs of fire. A Wi-Fi network is independently created by the nodes. These nodes exchange data with a Raspberry Pi microcontroller-powered central node and a 4G module. A node that detects a fire sends a signal to a centralized node. After then, this node begins to act, which could involve alerting the house with a local alarm, phoning the user, or sending an SMS to the fire department. Sending an SMS to the system allows the user to receive information about the condition of his home. A bridge node connects the center node to the mesh network of sensor nodes. Message protocol facilitates easier communication between the bridge and sensor nodes. The suggested system was prototyped, and it performed all required tasks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fire detection system, fire alarm system, Nest Protect, GSM cellular network, Decision tree base fire detection, cross validation, bootstrap procedures, MATLAB, Arduino-Based Smart Home Automation System,DHT11, MQ2

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present human society thinks only of itself while using the resources of the environment. The great responsibility of keeping the environment healthy for future generations is on the current generation and its technological progress. Future generations will definitely have to pay the price of this neglect of human society. Humans are the basic cause of environmental degradation. Due to the selfish, greedy, excessive and consumeristic tendencies of human beings, the environment is rapidly being degraded. So it is having a negative impact on social health. Man is an intelligent animal. He has encroached on the environment to make his own life happy, luxurious and luxurious. The responsibility of protecting the environment is human's. Humans are the only factor responsible for environmental problems. Noise pollution has become a problem. Establishment of mills, factories away from residential areas, strict laws and their enforcement to compel factories located in residential areas to have sound proofing system and ban noise emitting in public places by creating peace sections in the city. In densely populated areas, noise pollution can be controlled to a great extent by planting densely planted trees along the boundaries of main roads, factories and trees. Traffic roads in the city should be widened and pedestrian paths should be maintained. The level of the road should be kept slightly below the footing of the houses to be built on both sides of the roads.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Environment, Noise Pollution and Human Health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid growth of technology in Bangladesh has led to the development of an automated appointment system between doctors and patients. This system aims to connect people to their desired doctors, reducing time and effort spent on appointments. The website will provide information about doctor counseling periods, allowing users to schedule meetings at their convenience. The system will also feature a well-organized list of doctors, making it easier for people to find the right doctor.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

optimize scheduling, improve patient access, and prioritize care

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Miniature painting is a form of art and a powerful way of self-expression providing a sense of fulfilment and achievement. Pahari miniature painting is a tranquil celebration of life and its simplicity. No doubt these paintings are legendary for their subtle elegance and delicacy. Even after hundreds of years, the spectacular miniature paintings continue to impress viewers with their expressive qualities. This paper is an effort to acknowledge the efforts made by notable artists, scholars, historians and art connoisseurs in preserving the legacy of Pahari Miniature Painting.

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 Keywords

Kangra Miniature Painting, Pahari School, Kangra School of paintings, Miniature Painting, Nainsukh, Manaku

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Using both articles and books written on human nature, this study analyzed and described selected views on this subject. The main sources of information were provided by Ellen G. White, whose philosophy of Adventist education offers interesting insights and holistic view on human nature as supported by George Knight and John Wesley Taylor. Moreover, additional information on human nature was drawn from psychologists and scholars, including Freud, Skinner, Maslow, and Rogers. The research not only synthesizes different viewpoints on human nature employing textual analysis as a robust research method known for its effectiveness in describing and interpreting texts, but it also provides a significant understanding of the data gathered, unveiling valuable insights to inform educational strategies for Adventist schools in the aftermath of the global disruption

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human Nature, Adventist Philosophy of Education, Post-Pandemic Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper introduces a comprehensive solution to combat the rising number of road accidents by proposing an integrated system for continuous monitoring of the driver's physical condition. The system incorporates advanced features such as a drowsiness detection mechanism and a pedal mix-up avoidance system to enhance overall road safety.The drowsiness detection component monitors the driver's eye movement and blinking patterns, activating an audible alarm in real-time when signs of drowsiness are detected. To improve the accuracy of assessing the driver's state, the system also includes a Seatbelt and alcohol sensor. The pedal mix-up avoidance mechanism intervenes during unintended acceleration by automatically raising the brake, effectively preventing accidents caused by pedal mix-ups. The paper emphasizes the successful implementation of this integrated system, showcasing its potential to significantly reduce accidents and promote safer driving practices. The keywords - drowsiness detection, pedal mix-up avoidance, alcohol detection, seat-belt detection, crash detection, Arduino nano, and sensor - encapsulate the multifaceted capabilities of the system.In summary, this groundbreaking paper proposes an integrated system that revolutionizes road safety through continuous monitoring of the driver's physical state. By addressing issues related to drowsiness and unintended acceleration, the system aims to instill a culture of safer driving practices, marking a pioneering step in leveraging advanced technologies for a harmonious coexistence between drivers and innovative safety measures

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Road Safety, Driver Monitoring,Drowsiness Detection ,Pedal Mix-Up Avoidance ,Alcohol Detection ,Seatbelt Detection ,Crash Detection ,Integrated System ,Driver Physical Condition ,Real-time Alarm ,Unintended Acceleration,Advanced Safety Mechanisms,Arduino Nano,Sensor Technology,Innovative Safety Measures

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ABSTRACT Purpose: The concept of Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) has been gaining immense significance since the last decade. Corporations have shifted their perspectives towards Corporate Social Responsibility both globally and nationally. The practices of eligible Indian companies towards social responsibility have created hype in the research area after the enactment and implementation of mandatory CSR in India. The key aim of the present study is to explore the relevant research gap and to formulate research objectives on the proposed research topic based on a few parameters. Design/Methodology:The present study used published literature from secondary sources. Literature on the related topic available in the online database of Google Scholar, academia, SSRN, JUSTOR, ResearchGate, and sci-hub is used. Literature in the form of journal articles, reviews, books, book chapters, and working papers is used to attain the key objective of the study. Findings/Results: The study identified a few research gaps based on the literature review and formulated the research agenda to enable the research objectives. Originality: The study attempted to comprehend all legal aspects of mandatory provisions of CSR applicable to Indian companies, their recent trends in skill development programmes, and the impact of CSR on firm performance. Paper Type: Review Paper

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 Keywords

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR Practices, Indian Companies, Section 135 of Companies Act 2013, CSR and Skill development, Skill development, spending pattern of CSR, Skill initiatives

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition