Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Asthi Dhatu is one of the fundamental structural components of the human body described in Ayurveda and holds a pivotal role in maintaining bodily integrity and function. Among the seven Dhatus Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, and Shukra. Asthi Dhatu is the fifth and is primarily responsible for dharana, or providing support, stability, and shape to the body. Classical Ayurvedic texts, particularly Sushruta Samhita, describe Asthi as the hardest and most enduring tissue, persisting even after the decay of other bodily components and serving as the last physical identity of an individual after death. Etymological sources such as Shabda Kalpadruma and Amarakosha emphasize its hardness and load-bearing nature. Asthi Dhatu is considered a Pitruja Bhava, predominantly composed of Prithvi Mahabhuta, and is formed from the essence of Meda Dhatu through the action of Asthi Dhatu Agni. It provides nourishment to Majja Dhatu and serves as the primary site of Vata Dosha, with an inverse relationship existing between Vata aggravation and bone tissue integrity. The Asthi vaha Srotas plays a crucial role in the formation, nourishment, and maintenance of Asthi. Teeth (Danta) are described as the Upadhatu of Asthi, while Kesha(hair), Nakha (nails), and Loma (body hair) are considered its Malas, reflecting the systemic influence of bone health. This integrative review explores the classical descriptions of Asthi Dhatu, its Srotas, and related anatomical concepts such as Asthi Marma, alongside modern perspectives on osseous tissue. Clinical aspects including Asthi Kshaya, Asthi Vriddhi, Asthi Saushirya, and Asthi Pradoshaja Vikara are analyzed to highlight the relevance of Asthi Dhatu in contemporary Ayurvedic practice.

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Asthi Dhatu, AsthiVaha Srotas, Dhatu Agni, Asthi Pradoshaja Vikara.

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This study investigated the comparative effects of Cross Training (CT) and CrossFit Training (CFT) on speed and explosive power of university-level handball players. Thirty male players (aged 18-23 years) were randomly assigned to either the CT group (n = 15) or the CFT group (n = 15) for an 8-week training intervention. Pre- and post-test assessments included measurements of speed (30 m sprint) and explosive power (Sergeant Jump). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and two-way mixed ANOVA. Both groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in the tested variables; however, the CFT group demonstrated superior gains in speed and explosive power of university-level handball players. These findings indicate that CFT may be more effective than CT for enhancing the multidimensional performance qualities required in handball.

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Key words: Cross Training, CrossFit Training, Speed, Explosive power and Handball Players.

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Bureaucracy plays a central role in India's public policy process by acting as a crucial link between political decision-making and administrative execution. In a complex federal system, it ensures continuity, stability, and effective governance through its expertise, neutrality, and institutional capacity. This paper examines the significance and key characteristics of the Indian bureaucracy, such as division of labour, hierarchical structure, and a formal system of rules and regulations. The study highlights the role of bureaucracy in policy formulation, implementation, and analysis, emphasizing its contributions in policy advice, coordination, service delivery, monitoring, and evaluation. It argues that while bureaucracy remains the backbone of the public policy process in India, challenges like political interference and administrative rigidity affect its performance. The paper concludes by stressing the need for administrative reforms and greater accountability to enhance bureaucratic effectiveness and achieve sustainable policy outcomes.

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Characteristics of Bureaucracy, Role of Bureaucracy in Making Policy, Policy Implementation, Policy Analysis.

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This paper tries to explore how eco label awareness affect green purchase intention with the mediating role of environmental concern and moderating role of green skepticism. The study followed a quantitative research approach. Through structured online questionnaires, data was collected from 454 Gen Z Consumers using purposive sampling method. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS SEM) has been used for analysis. The results indicate that eco label awareness significantly contributes to environmental concern, leading to green purchase intention. Moreover, green skepticism moderates the relationship between eco label awareness and environmental concern. Policy makers, businesses and sustainable marketers can improve green purchase intention of consumers through eco label awareness. However, they should work on reducing green skepticism by providing strong proofs to boost the purchase intention of consumers. The research identifies the dual effect of environmental concern and green skepticism showing that both work together in opposite direction. This is an addition to previous literature by providing more realistic way of analysing the behavior of consumers in the area of sustainability.

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Eco label awareness, Green purchase intention, Environmental concern, Green skepticism, Gen Z Consumer, PLS SEM model

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Sleep deprivation is a common health problem among senior citizens, especially those residing in old age homes. Age-related physiological changes, chronic illnesses, psychological stress, loneliness, and environmental factors contribute significantly to poor sleep quality among the elderly. Sleep deprivation adversely affects physical health, emotional well-being, cognitive functioning, and quality of life. Psycho-education is a structured, non-pharmacological intervention that enhances knowledge, coping abilities, and healthy sleep behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a psycho-education module on sleep deprivation among senior citizens residing in selected old age homes in Rajasthan. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test research design was adopted. The study was conducted among 300 senior citizens, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a socio-demographic proforma and a standardized sleep deprivation assessment scale. The psycho-education module included information on sleep physiology, sleep hygiene practices, relaxation techniques, stress management, and lifestyle modification. The findings revealed a significant reduction in post-test sleep deprivation scores compared to pre-test scores (p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of the psycho-education module. Significant associations were found between post-test sleep deprivation scores and selected demographic variables such as age, presence of chronic illness, and duration of stay in old age homes. The study concludes that psycho-education is an effective, economical, and feasible intervention for improving sleep among senior citizens.

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Psycho-education, sleep deprivation, senior citizens, old age homes, geriatric nursing

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In industrial settings, gas leaks, equipment overheating, and unlawful access into prohibited zones may cause serious accidents, equipment damage, and human lifethreatening situations. Manual monitoring of these parameters slows response time. This work presents an IOT-based Industrial Anomaly Detection and Alert System for gas leakage detection and restricted area incursion monitoring to safeguard workers and equipment. It employs IR and gas sensors. To improve safety, Machine Learning can identify dangers and categorize alerts. Microcontroller-based ML concept checks sensor data that pass the threshold range and sends an SMS to the authorized individual.Workers and equipment are protected by this system's swift response to risks. Cloud storage secures real-time sensor data from Arduino devices in industrial IoT safety solutions. It enables machine learning algorithms to easily assess and forecast gas leaks and overheating using three parameter measurement levels. Data centralization lets organizations monitor worker and equipment safety from anywhere.Integrating GPS tracking to monitor restricted areas in real time improves worker safety.

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IoT Integration with Microcontrollers, Machine Learning-Based Risk Prediction, Cloud storage.

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The rapid expansion of digital payment systems in India has positioned the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) as a key driver of financial inclusion. However, a considerable number of small street-side Nano business owners continue to rely on cash transactions. This study investigates the internal barriers that hinder UPI adoption among small business owners in Mysore, with specific emphasis on gender, awareness, perception, and attitude. Primary data were collected from 52 Nano vendors who had not adopted UPI, using structured questionnaires. Statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and regression analysis were employed to examine the relationships between selected variables. The findings reveal that awareness and attitude significantly influence the barriers to UPI adoption, indicating that limited knowledge and unfavorable mindsets play a decisive role in resistance toward digital payments. While gender does not significantly affect awareness levels, it shows a meaningful association with perception and attitude toward UPI usage. Practical challenges such as limited digital literacy, fear of fraud, lack of smart phones, and financial constraints further intensify non-adoption. The study highlights the need for targeted awareness programs, user-friendly technological solutions, and confidence-building initiatives to promote UPI usage among Nano vendors. Strengthening these areas can enhance digital payment adoption and contribute to inclusive economic participation.

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Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Nano Vendors, Digital Payment Barriers, Awareness and Attitude, Financial Inclusion

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Garbha Sharir, the Ayurvedic science of embryology, offers profound insights into human development by integrating spiritual philosophy with biological principles. Foundational texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Kashyapa Samhita describe the embryo as a union of Shukra (sperm), Artava (ovum), Atma (soul), and Panchamahabhuta, where each Mahabhuta plays a distinct role in shaping tissues and organs. Modern embryology, however, explains this journey through fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation, gastrulation, germ layer differentiation, and organogenesis at cellular and molecular levels. This paper undertakes a thematic review of classical Ayurvedic sources alongside contemporary embryological research to map these two worldviews. The findings reveal striking correlations--Akasha with cellular spaces and cavities, Vayu with movement and cleavage, Agni with metabolic and transformative processes, Jala with fluid balance and blastocyst formation, and Prithvi with structural stability of tissues. Moreover, Ayurveda's emphasis on Garbha Sanskar and maternal influence parallels modern studies on epigenetics, prenatal environment, and maternal psychology. By bridging Panchamahabhuta with modern embryogenesis, this study presents a holistic framework that not only deepens academic understanding but also highlights the relevance of Ayurveda in advancing interdisciplinary education, prenatal care, and integrative research.

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GARBHA SHARIR, AYURVEDA, EMBRYOLOGY, PANCHAMAHABHUTA, PRENATAL CARE

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Abstract Sleep disturbances are common among senior citizens and significantly affect their physical, psychological, and social well-being. Elderly individuals residing in old age homes are at increased risk of poor sleep quality due to age-related changes, chronic illnesses, environmental factors, and emotional stress. Sleep hygiene education is a simple, non-pharmacological intervention that promotes healthy sleep behaviors and improves sleep quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality among senior citizens residing in selected old age homes of Rajasthan. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test research design was adopted. A total of 100 senior citizens were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and a standardized sleep quality assessment scale. Sleep hygiene education included information on sleep routines, environmental modifications, relaxation practices, and lifestyle changes. Post-test assessment was conducted on the 7th day after the intervention. The findings revealed a significant improvement in post-test sleep quality scores compared to pre-test scores (p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education. The study concludes that sleep hygiene education is a safe, cost-effective, and feasible nursing intervention to enhance sleep quality among senior citizens in institutional settings.

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Sleep hygiene, sleep quality, senior citizens, old age homes, nursing intervention

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: This paper presents a post-treatment geotechnical evaluation of coastal soil improved using lime grouting. After grouting, Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and grain size analysis were conducted to assess soil strength. The results indicate improved bearing capacity and stability, confirming the effectiveness of lime grouting.

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: Coastal Soil, Lime Grouting, SPT, Ground Improvement, Bearing Capacity

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