Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

This research explores the multifaceted relationship between India and Pakistan, two of South Asia's most prominent and historically intertwined nations, through the lenses of history, culture, economics, and politics. Beginning with the British colonial period and the partition of 1947, the thesis examines how the traumatic events of partition have shaped national identities, perpetuating narratives of hostility and distrust that persist today. Despite these historical grievances, India and Pakistan share deep cultural ties, including language, literature, and artistic traditions, which offer potential pathways for reconciliation through cultural diplomacy. The economic dimension highlights how political tensions have hindered trade and cooperation, despite the vast potential for economic interdependence that could benefit both nations. Political dynamics are heavily influenced by nationalist sentiments, security concerns, and the unresolved Kashmir conflict, which remains a central point of contention. The thesis argues that inclusive dialogues, confidence-building measures, and cooperative economic ventures could provide a foundation for improved relations. By analyzing the interplay of these dimensions, the thesis provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities for fostering peace and cooperation between India and Pakistan. The recommendations emphasize the importance of historical reconciliation, cultural engagement, economic collaboration, and political dialogue in moving towards a more peaceful and stable South Asia.

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Indo-Pak relations, South Asia, Historical narratives, Cultural diplomacy, Economic cooperation, Political Dimensions

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Since its beginnings, the Collegium system in India--which was formed by a succession of Supreme Court rulings--has been the focus of much discussion. The purpose of this research paper is to critically examine the unique Collegium process for selecting high court judges: Is it beneficial or detrimental to the Indian legal system? Analyse the benefits and drawbacks of the Collegium system inside the Indian legal system. This study aims to give a thorough knowledge of whether the Collegium is beneficial or detrimental to the Indian judicial system by looking at its historical history, operational procedures, and consequences for judicial nominations.

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Collegium, Appointment of judges, Article 124, Article 217, NJAC

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Breastfeeding is the most ideal and valuable nourishment for the child growing & development for the most of the nutritional requirements it is given adequately and appropriate manner. Breastfeeding is very important for both infants and mothers, it is globally recognized. Breast feeding practices are the practices which focus on early initiation of breast feeding (within one hour after birth), exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months (180 days), introduction of home-made energy dense complementary feeds only after 6 months, continued breast-feeding for at least 2 years. Appropriate feeding practices are essential for optimal growth, cognitive development, and overall wellbeing in early vulnerable years of life. However, the present study has conducted to determine the level of perceptions towards breastfeeding among postnatal women, to examine the level of practices towards breastfeeding among postnatal women, to study the factors associated with different level of perceptions and practices regarding breastfeeding among postnatal women and to examine the relationship between perceptions & practices about breastfeeding among postnatal women.This study was a non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional study was used to examine the postnatal women perceptions and practices regarding breastfeeding. This study was conducted in Khulna Medical College Hospital at labour ward & pediatric ward. The target populations of this study were postnatal women who are feed breastfeeding for their babies up to 2 years. The sample size was calculated by power analysis (400) Simple random sampling was use for data collection. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from the respondent of the study area. Secondary data were collected from the secondary sources. The data collection tool was divided into three parts. Part one was postnatal mothers' Demographic Data Form; Part two was postnatal women perceptions regarding breastfeeding questionnaire; and Part three was Practice regarding breastfeeding questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Statistical package for the Social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Frequencies, Percentage, Means, and Standard deviations were used for demographic variables and to describe the scores of the study variables. Postnatal women who are feed breastfeeding for their babies up to 2 years were included in the study. Patients who have all risk factors of diabetic except women who are feed breastfeeding for their babies up to 2 years were excluded in the study. This study found poor knowledge and practices on breast feeding among mothers. Female education should be increased substantially and hence more job opportunities could be created in various dimensional job sectors for them. This study also suggested that social safety net program could play an important role to increase knowledge and practices on breast feeding among mothers. Malnutrition will be decreased if breast feeding was widely established. Major concerns were inadequate knowledge on advantages of breastfeeding, frequency of breastfeeding, and storage of breast milk. The findings showed that limited education was a major factor for lack of knowledge about breastfeeding compared with other factors such as marital status, family income, and age. This study provides important information to improving knowledge and practices on breast feeding in removing malnutrition from Bangladesh.

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Breastfeeding, Perception, Practice, Postnatal, Antenatal care, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Knowledge, Awareness

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azadirachta indica (a. Juss), also known as the neem tree, has been used for millennia as a traditional remedy for a multitude of human ailments. also recognized around the world as a broad-spectrum pesticide and fertilizer, neem has applications in agriculture and beyond. currently, the extensive antimicrobial activities of a. ancient people have utilized the neem tree, azadirachta indica (a. Juss), as a traditional medicine for a wide range of human illnesses for millennia. neem is a widely acknowledged broad-spectrum insecticide and fertilizer with uses in agriculture and other fields. studies in the domains of dentistry, food safety, bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology are now investigating the broad range of antibacterial properties of a. indica. this article provides an overview of some of the most recent research on the aforementioned study issues, highlighting neem's promise as a hitherto unexplored source of innovative treatments. furthermore, the ability of neem extracts and chemicals to combat organisms that develop biofilms and are resistant to drugs, two major categories of infections for which there is currently no effective treatment. neem has grown to be a valuable plant in the globe, holding the key to thousands or even hundreds of thousands of problems. azadirachta indica, commonly known as mi, is a well-known, quickly growing evergreen tree that grows throughout the world, primarily in america, africa, and india. chinese, ayurvedic, and unani treatments have been using it extensively for many years, especially in asian countries, to cure and prevent illnesses. the neem plant has biological chemicals in its many portions that have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. it affects several biological systems without causing any negative effects, making it regarded as a safe therapeutic herb. the neem tree yields certain active substances that have biological properties. the fruit, seed, bark, roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds all have biological properties.

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antibacterial activity,phytochemicals,traditional medicine,biofilm resistance,therapeutic herb.

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Abstract: The entirety of all living and non-living things is referred to as the environment. Humans have a responsibility to safeguard and conserve the environment. However, the contrary is evident. Following independence, certain dishonest businesses in our nation are damaging the environment for their own comfort, greed, personal gain, and other reasons due to the influence of western capitalists and imperialists. Deforestation, air, water, soil, and radiation pollution, population growth, economic disparity, and the extinction of some species are just a few of the environmental issues that India, like other nations, is dealing with. We are therefore having a very hard time surviving in all facets of life. In this context, we ought to prioritize sustainable development, which aims to meet present needs without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own. It seeks to achieve a balance between social well-being, environmental preservation, and economic advancement in order to ensure long-term sustainability for both people and the planet. As moral beings, we ought to express some ethical principles that place the utmost priority on the environment. Indian environmental ethicists have consistently advocated ecocentrism, in which everything, including inanimate objects, has intrinsic value, in opposition to the anthropocentric approach. In India, morality and spirituality are regarded as the cornerstones of our culture. There have been numerous movements in India in recent years to protect Mother Nature. People's values can be linked to how they treat the natural environment. It should be the ethical relationship between people and their surroundings that has the potential to bring about world peace, prosperity, and overall progress.

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Keywords: Environment, Western Capitalists, Imperialists, Environmental preservation, Sustainable development, Ecocentrism.

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Abstract Chronic pain and mental health disorders often coexist, creating a complex interplay that significantly affects an individual's quality of life. This study investigates the prevalence of mental health disorders, specifically depression and anxiety, in individuals suffering from chronic pain conditions. The cross-sectional study involved 100 participants who completed surveys using the PHQ-9 for depression and the GAD-7 for anxiety. Findings from chi-square tests revealed a significant association between chronic pain conditions and the presence of mental health disorders, underscoring the importance of integrated care approaches for patients with chronic pain.

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Keywords: chronic pain, depression, anxiety, PHQ-9, GAD-7, integrated care

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The Olympic Games originated in China. Cultivating physical fitness, creating a healthy environment and spreading the message of unity, brotherhood and equality to the world is the main objective of the Olympic movement. The games have evolved into a global spectacle celebrating freedom and international unity. However, male-male equality in Olic is long and multifaceted.

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Logical parallels to modern Olympic games

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ABSTRACT Background : Urinary Tract Infection is high prevalent in school-aged children that has marked impact on the quality of life of those affected and conventional treatment options are usually palliative and recurrences are more common. It represents the most common bacterial infection in children more than two years of age. Objective: A prospective , single blind , experimental uncontrolled study to evaluate the efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines on gram negative bacteria in lower urinary tract infection among the paediatric age group 5-12yrs by using comparison of bacterial growth in before treatment urine culture reports and after treatment urine culture reports Material and Methods: A 18 months study was conducted on patients coming to OPD and IPD of KKC Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Puttur, Tirupathi dt, Andrapradesh. Cases of lower urinary tract infection were selected on the basis of bacterial growth in urine culture and clinical symptom. Clinical assessment were evaluated by ICIQ (International consultation on incontinence questionnaire score for Paediatric chronic lower urinary tract symptoms(CLUTS) and the urine culture reports were collected before and after treatment. 51 diagnosed patients were taken. Patients were called for follow up every 15 days for the clinical assessments and urine culture was taken once in a month patients were monitored up to 3 months. Results: In lower urinary tract infection among the paediatric age group between 5 - 12 yrs at the end of study, P value shows that there was a significant effect of Homoeopathic medicine in the reduction of gram negative bacterial growth in urine culture. Out of 51 cases 66.67% (n=34) shows insignificant growth of bacteria and fully recovered from symptoms, 21.57 % (n=11) shows moderate growth of bacteria,11.76% (n=6) shows significant growth of bacteria in urine culture. Conclusion: Homoeopathic medicines are effective in reduction of gram negative bacteria in urine culture and improve the quality of life in paediatric age group 5-12yrs by removal of signs and symptoms.

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UTI, Bacterial Growth, E-Coli, Homoeopathy

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Context: Professional bus drivers form a major occupational group in transportation sector who are at high risk of developing back pain and neck pain from prolonged sitting and vehicular vibration. From various studies, it was revealed that these are the highest rates of musculoskeletal disorders in bus drivers. An adequate knowledge of ergonomically designing of driver's seat can prevent a lot of discomfort and maximize productivity. Aims: The aim of this study was to find out the percentage of work-related musculoskeletal pain due to vibration among BEST bus drivers by using a Whole-body Vibration Health Surveillance Questionnaire. Methods and Material: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Wadala and Sewri bus depot on 210 bus drivers. Data was collected by interview method using Whole-body vibration health surveillance questionnaire. Statistical analysis : Descriptive statistical data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science software. Results: It was found that 85.7 % of participants reported musculoskeletal pain and 14.3% had no pain. It was seen that 41.4% had vertical vibration discomfort, whereas 34.3% had no vibration discomfort. It was found that painful area was highest in low back(35.7%), shoulder(20%) and neck(12.9%) followed by knee(11%), upper back(3.8%), ankle/feet(1%), elbow(1%) and wrist/hand(0.5%). Conclusions: The study conducted that work-related musculoskeletal pain due to vibration among bus drivers is found to be high and hence it can be reduced by designing the driver's seat ergonomically. Thus, low back pain, shoulder pain and neck pain are the most common sites of pain reported among bus drivers.

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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, bus drivers, whole body vibration

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This study looks at the connection between Lucknow high school seniors' social intelligence and their devotion to famous people. The research included 500 pupils from public and private schools in a cross-sectional design. Both social intelligence and devotion to celebrities were assessed using the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) and the Social Intelligence Scale (SIS), respectively.The findings revealed that students attending private schools achieved superior scores across all CAS subscales, suggesting elevated levels of celebrity worship. In contrast, students from government schools demonstrated superior performance in social intelligence across all dimensions of the Social Intelligence Scale. A notable inverse relationship was identified among all facets of celebrity worship and social intelligence, with borderline-pathological admiration exhibiting the most pronounced negative correlation. Regression analysis further indicated that an affinity for celebrity worship was a significant predictor of diminished social intelligence scores. The findings indicate that an overindulgence in celebrity admiration could adversely affect the social intelligence of adolescents, particularly within the context of private educational institutions. The findings suggest a need for educational programs that promote critical media literacy and socioemotional learning, allowing youngsters to balance their respect for celebrities with the development of vital social skills.

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Celebrity Attitude Scale, Social Intelligence Scale, Celebrity worship, social intelligence, media literacy.

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