Volume 8 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Background: Peritonitis is a common condition, faced by surgeons since centuries. It is a serious intra-abdominal infection (IAI), a frequently lethal condition, and continues to be one of the major problems that a surgeon has to face. Despite application of aggressive surgical techniques like irrigation with/without antibiotics, on demand reoperations, laparostomy, progress in antimicrobial agents and intensive care treatment, peritonitis continues to have a poor prognosis. Objectives: The aim of the present study was: To confirm the predictive value of MPI among the patients with intraoperative diagnosis of secondary peritonitis at the department of Surgery, S.M.H.S Hospital, Srinagar and to evaluate the severity of peritonitis on the basis of MPI. Methods: A prospective and observational study was carried out over a period of two years. A total of 172 patients were studied. Results: MPI score is strongly associated with outcome, and is an important index for predicting patient outcome in peritonitis. There was statistically significant increase in mortality with increase in MPI score, with survivors having a mean MPI of 18.0 and non-survivors having a mean score of 33.7. Peptic ulcer perforation was the most common etiology (30.81%), followed by appendicular perforation (27.33%). Small gut perforation was the next most common cause (9.88%) and gut gangrene cases amounted to 6.40%. Other etiological sources were genitourinary tract perforations (6.40%), postoperative peritonitis (5.23%), gall bladder perforation (2.33%), ruptured liver abscess (1.74%), Meckel�s diverticulum perforation (1.74%) and gastric perforation (1.16%). Mortality in our study was 13.37%, with 23 patients dying out of the 172 operated patients. Highest mortality was seen in patients with colorectal perforation and in patients with gastric perforation, followed by postoperative peritonitis. Conclusions: We conclude that the prognosis of peritonitis has improved due to application of modern surgical techniques; however a severity index is needed to be more objective. Mannheim Peritonitis Index is a useful method to predict outcome in these patients. All MPI adverse factors except for colonic origin behaved as expected. MPI is easy to calculate, does not need any laborious work, economically the cheapest for us and there is a marked difference between survivors and non-survivors.

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Perforation, Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI), Morbidity, prognosis, secondary Peritonitis.

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Abstract: Macronutrients are essential for the growth and good overall stage of the plants. They play a very important role in the plant growth and development. Moreover these elements must be present in the proper proportion. Their function ranges from being structural units to redox sensitive agents. The supply of boron to the plants play key role in behaviour of other macro and micro nutrients in the plant. The response of plants to boron varies with soil type, environmental conditions and plant species also. So the excess or deficiency of boron may affect the uptake and availability of other plant nutrients. The sweet Sorghum is a semi-arid crop grown as main staple food of many areas. It is also used as fodder, fuel and fertilizer. The sweet Sorghum c. v. Madhura was selected for the present investigation. In the present investigation the effect of different boron concentrations like 0 ppm (Control), 10 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm on sweet Sorghum var. Madhura has been studied. The pot culture technique was used for this investigation. The objective was to identify the correct dose of boron to improve behaviour of some macronutrients in sweet Sorghum. The data was collected after the fifth day of last treatment of boron. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to study the influence of boron on the behaviour of macronutrients like N, P, K, in the sweet Sorghum cultivar Madhura. Our results clears that boron increases nitrogen in plants benefitted to nitrogen metabolism under boron stress conditions through nitrogen metabolism for the improvement of crop. The induced nitrogen content might enhance uptake of mineral elements such as P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn as indicated by Moussa (2000). The increase of P under increasing boron concentration suggests a promoted remobilization of P in Sorghum. The adaptive nature of accumulation of K+ due to boron treatments reported in c. v. Madhura, which correlates, with many earlier reports and it might be helpful to regulate metabolic activities in the c. v. Madura.

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Key Words: Influence, Boron, Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus.

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Mahatma gandhi jee samaj ke sudhar ke liye nirantar koshish krte rhte the unka manna tha ki byakti ko bina kisee jati bhed dharm bhed ke ek dusre ka sahayog krte rhna chahiye

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Political science

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Internet as a tool of global digital communication is evolving constantly. Every entity which wants to achieve profit through the exceptional potential of the message which is its source should use the instruments it provides to the greatest possible extent. Along with the quality of the published content, the quantity and distribution play a major role, as through broader dissemination of the created content its influence grows. Current research work is an attempt to understand the role of content marketing and its role in e-commerce business. Researchers have studied various past work on this topic and e-commerce company (Amazon) content writing strategies, and on the basis of secondary data (literature review) findings has been elaborated. Main findings reveal the role of content marketing in e-commerce business. These are, creating brand awareness, building credibility/trust, Nurturing subscribers/audiences, generating sales/revenue, Content leads to follow/quit the brand, and Content leads E-WOM communication.

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Content Marketing, Online Marketing, E-commerce, Digital Marketing

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The present paper aspires to present the problems of being �Dalit� in Indian rural society, that is strictly and staunchly governed by the age-old traditions, customs and conventions, through the comparative study of Mulk Raj Anand�s classic Untouchable and Arundhati Roy�s booker prize winner The God of Small Things. Bakha in Untouchable and Velutha in The God of Small Things-both representing the underdogs in the age of exploitation and moral injustice, suffer more or less, in similar circumstances. The latter, of course, undergoes, the aggravated form of suppression and sheer inhuman treatment at the hands of society so called �Touchable�. Bakha, the sweeper, resents the upper caste society which unjustly puts the downtrodden like Bakha on the margin. He says out of sheer exasperation: �They think we are mere dirt because we clean their dirt� Velutha, on the other hand, is the untouchable carpenter who transgresses the upper caste hegemony by mingling physically and spiritually with Amu, the upper-caste woman, a member of touchable society.

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downtrodden, suppression, hegemony, transgresses, exasperation

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The paper is an attempt to explore, primarily, the nationalist Muslims and their activities in Bihar, since 1937 till 1947. The work, by and large, will discuss the Muslim personalities and institutions which were essentially against the Muslim League and its ideology. This paper will be elaborating many issues related to the Muslims of Bihar during 1920s, 1930s and 1940s such as the Muslim organizations� and personalities� fight for the nation and against the League, their contribution in bridging the gulf between Hindus and Muslims and bringing communal harmony in Bihar and others. Moreover, apart from this, the paper will be focusing upon the three core issues of the era, the 1946 elections, the growth of communalism and the exodus of the Bihari Muslims to Dhaka following the elections. The paper seems quite interesting in terms of exploring some of the less or underexplored themes and sub-themes on colonial Bihar and will certainly be a great contribution to the academia. Therefore, surely, it will get its due attention as other provinces of colonial India such as U. P., Bengal, and Punjab.

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COMMUNITY, NATION AND POLITICS IN COLONIAL BIHAR (1920-47)

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This research study aims at analyzing the shift from offline to online teaching, from interactions in a physical classroom to interactions to online platforms like Zoom and Google Meet, from blackboard to Google jamboard and from traditional classroom education to digital education. On account of the imposition of lockdown from March 2020, the teachers had no other option but to dive into the digital world so that the teaching-learning process is not hampered despite the global crisis. When we fail to adapt according to the changing environment, we fail to survive. Even though most educational institutions have adapted by using electronic modes of teaching-learning, some have been unable to keep up with it resulting in their closure. The pandemic has created a crisis for many sectors across the globe and education is one of them. There have been several problems faced not only by the teachers but by the students as well. However, as the career of the is at stake, teachers and educational institutions have taken great efforts to ensure that the learning of the students is not compromised. Through this research study, one can get a better understanding of the intense struggle faced by the education sector in implementing this teaching-learning transformation and coping up with the need of the hour.

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education, digital education, online teaching, e-teaching, online education, online lectures, digital transformation

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Population of soil mycoflora (cfu g-1 dry soil) were determined in soils amended with two different dosages -5% and 10% of sugarcane bagasse ash in field condition.The overall population of fungi was reduced due to addition of ash in all sampling intervals. Fusarial propagules in general were reduced in ash amended soils and were detected in very low numbers throughout the incubation period in soils amended with 10g ash kg-1 soil. Soil pH correspondingly increased in ash amended soils.

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Ash, Amendment, Soil pH, Saccharum officinarum L., Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.ciceri, Propagules cfu g-1 dry soil.

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Improve crop

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sard

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E-banking has been considered as an upset in the financial business, where most financial exchanges have been encouraged for the two banks and clients. It brings numerous significant advantages that moved systems and tasks emphatically in economies. E-banking has changed the perspective on banks and permitted them to change their vital conduct also. The market has gotten more straightforward permitting organizations just as retailers to think about the administrations of various banks without any problem. In spite of the fact that it actually faces some significant difficulties, Administrative Challenge, Legal Challenge, Operational Challenge, Reputational Challenge, Security Challenge, The Ability to Adopt Global Technology to Local Requirements, The Ability to Strengthen Public Support for E-money, Bank Management and Regulatory Authorities, Cross-outskirt E-banking, Electronic and Traditional Banking. Besides, numerous examinations taken that shows how developing business sectors received the e-banking and difficulties that actually faces and recommended enhancements for each market to impact better the e-banking.

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E-banking, Bank Challenge, Public Support, Regulatory Authorities

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