Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that negatively impacts physical health and quality of life. Individuals with T2DM often experience decreased aerobic capacity, which is linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Traditional exercise interventions focus primarily on aerobic activity, but the role of flexibility exercises remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of aerobic and flexibility exercises on improving both aerobic capacity and quality of life in T2DM patients, addressing a critical gap in current research. Materials and methodology: This experimental study was conducted with 68 patients in the age group of 40-60years with known case of T2DM since 1year, receiving treatment at a tertiary care center in Latur. Aerobic capacity was assessed by Karvonen's formula and quality of life was assessed by SF-36. The exercise protocol was carried out for 8 weeks, 3 days per week, in experimental group each exercise session consisted of 5-10 mins of warm-up exercise 10-50 mins of aerobic conditioning, 5-10 mins of cool down and flexibility exercises were given. RESULT: Group A showed a highly significant improvement in both Vo2MAX and SF-36 scores post-intervention. The intervention appeared to greatly enhance both cardiovascular fitness and quality of life. Group B showed a significant improvement in SF-36 (quality of life) but not in Vo2MAX. This suggests that the intervention had a more profound effect on their perceived quality of life than on their cardiovascular fitness. Inter-group comparisons show that Group A had significantly better results in terms of Vo2MAX improvement post-intervention, while SF-36 improvements were comparable between the two groups. These results indicate that the intervention was more effective in improving cardiovascular fitness in Group A while both groups benefited in terms of quality-of-life improvement. The statistical significance in the p-values underlines the reliability of these findings. Conclusion: The results indicate that a combined aerobic and flexibility exercise regimen significantly enhances aerobic capacity and improves the quality of life in patients with T2DM. These findings support the integration of both types of exercise into rehabilitation programs for T2DM, promoting better health outcomes and overall well-being. Future research should explore long-term effects and adherence strategies to sustain these benefits.

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 Keywords

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, aerobic exercise, flexibility exercise, aerobic capacity, quality of life.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Trunk strength is important for performing everyday activities. Functionally the trunk is a kinetic link between upper and lower extremities. Trunk extensor strength helps to maintain the spine stable during walking; vital in elderly individuals. Hence the objective quantification of trunk extensor strength is must and Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST) is suitable alternative in the clinical setting for use. So, this study is aimed to determine the normative reference values for trunk extensor strength in elder population thus establishing clinical norms for the elderly aged 60 and above. MATERIALS AND METHOD : In this observational pilot study, 60 individuals where divided into two groups comprising of 30 individuals in each group. Normative data for trunk extensor strength will be developed based on 6 different sub groups in each group of men and women. Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST) will be used to measure the trunk extensor strength, respectively. RESULTS : There was a significant age dependent decrease in trunk extensor strength in both men and women. The mean of trunk extensor strength by Sphygmomanometer test(MST) in age group of 60-69,70-79 and 80-89 are 33.28,29.5 and 21.5 in men and 34.28,25,18.75 in women respectively. CONCLUSION : This study adds to the normative data of Trunk extensor strength in men and women also that trunk extensor strength is age specific more in men than in female.

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trunk extensor strength, elderly, isometric contraction, normative data

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Solid waste management has become an increasingly critical issue in urban areas due to rising populations, urbanization, and industrial growth. Efficient management is essential to mitigate environmental degradation and promote public health. This review assesses the current solid waste management (SWM) strategies in urban settings, including waste collection systems, recycling processes, and waste disposal technologies. It also highlights major challenges, such as limited infrastructure, lack of public awareness, and inadequate policies. The review concludes that an integrated approach combining waste reduction, recycling, and proper disposal is key to achieving sustainable urban environments.

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Waste, Recycling, Separation, Energy, Disposal, Landfills

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Emotional Intelligence is considered as a successful predictor of academic achievement and it perceived as a type of aptitude that involves the ability to monitor one's feelings. The present study had investigated the impact of emotional intelligence on academic achievement of secondary students. The major objectives of this study was to know the emotional intelligence of secondary students in respect to the gender and different types of school as well it express to relationship in between the emotional intelligence and academic achievement of said students. Present research investigator had followed descriptive survey research design and it is mainly based on quantitative method. A total of 200 samples from govt. and private secondary schools of class IX which selected through the simple random sampling technique from the district of nadia. A standardized questionnaire (Poornima, 2017) on emotional intelligence was administered to the targeted sample group for the purpose of collection of data and scores on academic achievement was collects their previous year final examination marks. The result of the study stated that emotional intelligence of male secondary students are significantly different from the female secondary students as well the emotional intelligence of govt secondary school students are not significantly different from the private school secondary students. It also revealed from the study emotional intelligence and academic achievement are negatively correlated which means if emotional intelligence increases than the academic achievement may decreases. The study suggests enhancing emotional intelligence may not only increasing the learning process and it also improve career choice and possibility of success.

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Emotions, Emotional Intelligence, Academic Achievement, Secondary Students.

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This paper emphasizes the importance of entrepreneurship education towards enhancing sustainable development in Uttarakhand. The main problems of the state of Uttarakhand range from high rates of migration, youth and graduate unemployment; The state's excessive dependence on other states and foreign goods and technology leads to low industrial growth and development. As a result of these reasons, this paper argues that the inclusion of entrepreneurship education in the curriculum will equip students with the skills to become self-reliant. New initiatives and schemes to give a new shape to entrepreneurship education have also been discussed. The paper also recommends that educational programs at all levels of education should be made relevant to provide the youth with the necessary entrepreneurial skills, as entrepreneurship is vital drive toward job creation and overall economic growth. It is also recommended that the government should pay adequate attention to entrepreneurship development in the state through provision of good economic environment.

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Entrepreneurship, Education, Youth Empowerment, Migration, Employment, Uttarakhand.

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This project aims to develop a real-time livestock counting system using the latest YOLO v9 (You Only Look Once) object detection algorithm. The primary focus is on accurately counting cows and sheep in dynamic farm environments. Traditional methods of livestock counting are labor-intensive and prone to errors, particularly in large-scale farming operations. By leveraging advancements in computer vision and deep learning, the proposed system seeks to automate this process, providing a scalable solution that can be deployed on embedded platforms like Raspberry Pi. The YOLO v9 algorithm will be trained and optimized to detect and count livestock in real-time, even in challenging conditions such as varying lighting, animal movement, and occlusions. The system will also incorporate anomaly detection features to monitor animal health by analyzing behavioral patterns. The ultimate goal is to create a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective tool that can significantly improve farm management practices by providing accurate, real-time data on herd size and animal well-being. This system's deployment in a real-world setting will demonstrate its scalability, accuracy, and impact on improving agricultural productivity and resource management. The project also explores the potential for integrating this technology with existing farm management systems, providing farmers with seamless access to vital livestock data.

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YOLO-v9 , Computer Vision , Real-time Processing , Object Detection , Livestock Counting, Embedded Systems, Anomaly Detection, Deep Learning.

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This article explores the significant contributions of Odisha to the Sanskrit lexicon. Odisha, historically known as Kali?ga, has a rich cultural and literary heritage. The region has produced notable scholars and poets who have enriched Sanskrit literature with unique terms, phrases, and lexicons. This study delves into the historical context, literary contributions, lexicographical works, and the preservation efforts that highlight Odisha's impact on Sanskrit.

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Odisha, Sanskrit lexicon, linguistic heritage, historical linguistics, etymology, lexical contributions

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The study examines the evolving trends and perceptions of digital newspapers among college students in Coimbatore. By analyzing factors such as accessibility, convenience, and cost-effectiveness, the research explores the shift from traditional print to digital platforms. The findings provide insights into the future of newspaper consumption, emphasizing the growing importance of digital formats in catering to the evolving needs of modern readers.

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digital newspaper, trends, perception, future.

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This study examines the opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in today's evolving business landscape, it plays a significant role in the region's economic development and contributes to a wide range of industries. To identify the key opportunities available to them, including access to government schemes, digital advancements, and support from entrepreneurial networks and mentoring programs. It concludes by offering recommendations to policymakers, financial institutions, and support organizations to help address these challenges. Creating a more enabling environment for women entrepreneurs can foster economic growth, promote gender equality, and empower more women to succeed in business

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Women Entrepreneur, Gender Barriers, Opportunities & Challenges, Financial Constraints

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In this paper I want to investigate the meaning of puru??rtha and why is puru??rtha one of the most important concept in Indian Ethics? In Indian ethics, value occupies a foremost place in every field of philosophical thought.To know any culture, we need to look for its puru??rtha (value system). The puru??rtha means the motives and ends of the cultures which have been described as paramount by the wisest men. Here may be raised some questions what is the meaning of Puru??rtha? Could we think about our existence without puru??rtha? Why dharma is the first puru??rtha? What are the seasons for accepting dharma first puru??rtha? What is the significance of dharma in the present scenario of the society? Why is Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam soul of Indian Culture? How does dharma play a role as a precious stone of moral value? We know dharma is a far-reaching concept that embraces the whole human life and one must avoid identification of dharma as directly equivalent to any of the various components of its meaning, such as law, duty, morality, justice, virtue, or religion. Also, dharma implies the law or principle on which society is based. We cannot think of existence in this world without maintaining dharma in our lives for that reason.

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Puru??rtha, Dharma, Vasudhaiva Ku?umbakam,Pancamah?vrata, and Panca?ila and Satya.

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