Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

The oral route is considered one of the most convenient routes for the administration of various pharmaceutical dosage forms like tablets, capsules, syrup, suspension and emulsion. Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery systems have developed various fast-disintegrating preparations like mouth dissolving film, and MDT. Oral thin films are new dosage forms that are prepared from hydrophilic polymers which when placed in the mouth, the buccal cavity disintegrates rapidly. Mouth dissolving film is superior as compared to mouth dissolving tablet as the cost of production is low. Geriatric and pediatric patients are facing difficulty in swallowing tablets and capsules, the oral film can bypass it, along with that it has other advantages self-administrable, fast dissolving, and rapid absorption that make it a versatile dosage form. The present study aims to enlighten specifically different polymers along with their concentrations and applications. This study also focuses on the use of, polymers e.g. HPMC E15 HPMC E15, PEG 400, sweeteners e.g. Saccharine, sucralose, different methods which are used for the preparation of oral films and various evaluation parameters of the film. The selected solid dispersions were then utilized for the preparation of film by solvent casting method utilizing HPMC E15 as a film-forming agent and PEG-400 as a plasticizer. Five formulae were prepared and evaluated f o r their invitro dissolution charateristics ,vitro disintegration time, and physicomechanical properties. The promising film (F3) showed the greatest drug dissolution. (More than 99% within 3 min), satisfactory in vitro disintegration time (20 sec) and physicomechanical properties that are suitable for mouth- dissolving films.The objective of this study was to design and evaluate Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate mouth dissolving film using solvent casting method for the management of Type-II diabetes mellitus.

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 Keywords

: MDT: - Mouth Dissolving, oral films, pediatric patients, evaluation, Buccal cavity, dosage forms, Tensile strength.

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Achieving the stability of buildings and facilities against any external influence, such as winds and earthquakes, depends mainly on the foundations supporting them, which are responsible for transferring loads to the soil layers beneath them. Accordingly, the design of the foundations to safely withstand these static and dynamic loads without causing dangers or failures on these structures has recently become the focus of the attention of many researchers Raft foundation is one of the most common foundation types in high-rise buildings, but due to the high base shear, it leads to a big value of settlement and soil pressure of the raft to overcome this problem, there are several solutions such as increasing dimensions, soil replacement and use another type of foundation so the main focus of this research is to perform THA to study the effect of joining the raft and basement ceiling slab with shear walls on raft settlement and soil pressure, Three high-rise buildings with different wall distributions were analyzed using ETABS V. 20.3.0 to perform the study. Various parameters were changed, including the modulus of subgrade reaction, earthquake records, raft thickness, basement ceiling slab thickness, and shear walls thickness. Based on the results joining the raft with the basement ceiling slab lead to improving settlement and reducing soil pressure.

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Buoyant, Compensated, High rise buildings, Settlement

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Most design codes for steel members and frames include specifications for the design of compression columns or beam columns, which involve the effective length factor, K. This factor simplifies the design of framed members by transforming an end-restrained compressive member into an equivalent pinned-ended member. Traditionally, obtaining the effective length factor involves solving complex equations or using alignment charts for different frame cases. However, a new approach using simple equations directly determines the effective length factor based on the rotational resistance at column ends (GA, GB) and how to take the shear deformation of the cellular members by getting an equivalent major elastic second moment of area. The goal is to provide more accurate results than existing steel construction codes. The paper also includes comparisons between the results obtained from the proposed equations and those obtained from exact solutions.

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 Keywords

New formula, Cellular, Perforated, Buckling, Stability, Steel

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Abstract Blockchain technology is reshaping the landscape of business management by introducing a decentralized and secure digital infrastructure that enhances transparency, efficiency, and trust across various organizational functions. Traditionally associated with cryptocurrencies, blockchain's applications have expanded into areas such as supply chain management, financial transactions, human resources, customer relationship management (CRM), and data security. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of how blockchain's decentralized, immutable, and transparent nature is revolutionizing business operations, offering new ways for businesses to manage transactions, track assets, and secure information. The integration of blockchain in supply chain management, for instance, allows for end-to-end visibility, where each step in the production and distribution process is recorded in a tamper-proof ledger. This enhances the traceability of products, reduces fraud, and increases consumer trust in product authenticity. Similarly, in financial operations, smart contracts--self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code--enable automated and secure transactions without the need for intermediaries, leading to cost reductions and efficiency improvements. This paper adopts a mixed-method approach, using quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, and case studies to explore the impact and effectiveness of blockchain technology in business management. Quantitative data from surveys conducted across different industries indicate that businesses adopting blockchain experience significant improvements in efficiency and cost savings. Qualitative interviews with industry experts and developers provide insights into the technical and operational challenges encountered during implementation, such as scalability issues and integration with legacy systems. Overall, this research underscores blockchain's transformative potential for business management, demonstrating how its characteristics--decentralization, immutability, transparency, and security--can optimize processes, reduce costs, and build trust. The future of blockchain in business management will depend on continued innovation, standardization, and collaboration across industries to fully harness its capabilities.

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Key Words Blockchain Technology, Business Management, Cost Reduction, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Human Resources Management (HRM), Digital Transformation, Asset Tracking, Regulatory Compliance, Cryptography, Digital Ledger, Scalability and Trust Building

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the digital age, social media marketing is becoming a crucial tactic for companies looking to interact with clients, advertise goods, and raise brand awareness. The benefits, drawbacks, and main categories of social media marketing--influencer, content, and social media advertising--are all covered in this essay. It also looks at how new technologies are influencing social media marketing tactics, including blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT). This study also draws distinctions between digital marketing campaigns in general and social media marketing specifically, emphasizing the ways in which these campaigns differ and are similar in terms of audience targeting, reach, and strategies.

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Social Media Marketing, Digital Marketing, Technology, Benefits and Comparison.

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Parental stress among caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a well-documented global issue, but regional disparities, particularly in rural and tribal settings versus urban areas, remain underexplored in the Indian context. This research investigates and compares parental stress levels in two contrasting regions of Telangana, India: Adilabad, a predominantly tribal area, and Hyderabad, a metropolitan city. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis using the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 100 parents (50 from each region). Results reveal significantly higher stress levels among parents in Adilabad compared to those in Hyderabad. Factors contributing to this elevated stress in the tribal area include limited access to healthcare and specialised educational services, cultural stigma, and economic hardship. In contrast, parents in Hyderabad, while benefiting from better access to services, reported stress related to financial burdens, high living costs, and societal pressures in urban environments. The study highlights the importance of region-specific interventions. In Adilabad, improving access to healthcare and educational resources, as well as raising awareness about autism, is crucial. In Hyderabad, policy efforts should focus on financial support for autism-related services and expanding mental health resources for caregivers. These findings underscore the need for tailored support systems for families across diverse socio-economic and cultural contexts, improving the quality of life for both caregivers and children with autism.

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Stress,Autism

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ABSTRACT: India has the highest number of TB cases in the world. Tuberculosis still remains a major public health problem despite the fact that the causative organism was discovered some 100 years back and highly effective drugs are available for its treatment. Worldwide 9.4 million cases are detected out of which half are sputum positive. India is 17th among 22 high burden countries in terms of TB incidence rate. The global annual incidence estimate is 9.4 million cases out of which it is estimated that 1.98 million cases are from India. In India, every day more than 5000 people develop tuberculosis disease and nearly 1000 die due to tuberculosis i.e. 2 deaths every 3 minutes. Deaths due to Tuberculosis exceed the combined deaths due to all other communicable disease and account for 26% of all avoidable deaths in adults. This study evaluated whether structured teaching program is effective for improving knowledge regarding tuberculosis among Adults. OBJECTIVE: 1. To assess the pre-test & post-test knowledge score of adult people regarding tuberculosis. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding tuberculosis among adult people. 3. To find out association between post-test knowledge score with selected demographic variables. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: In this present study quantitative research approach is used. Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was considered to be appropriate to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding tuberculosis among adults in selected Rural area at Meerut. Sample size is 50 Adults selected by Purposive sampling technique. RESULT: The result of the study show that the post-test score of mean (14.26) among Adults was higher than the pre-test score of mean (8.40) after structure teaching program, and it was found to be statistically significant as evident from the obtained "t" value (9.755) at 0.05 level of significance. The Calculated t value (9.755) is greater than the table value (2.25). So, the hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Hence the structured teaching program was effective to improve knowledge regarding tuberculosis among adults. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that there is no significance association between knowledge score of adults with selected demographic variable except Gender.

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KEYWORDS: Assess, Effectiveness, STP, Tuberculosis, Adults.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Global economic growth is predicted to slow down in current times. It is undoubtedly proven that entrepreneurship provides an essential lifeline for youth in years of economic downturns. Over 30 million startups are created globally every year, out of which 20% fail in the first 2 years and 45% within 5 years. This points out that there is a gap in startup business management which limits them from growing higher. Hence, this study is conducted to explore the identified gaps by the entrepreneurs. Methods: This study has adopted a qualitative approach by conducting one-to-one, in-depth interviews, using semi-structured guided questions with prompts to direct discussion. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed, followed by coding and thematic categorization.Results: Thematic analysis resulted in identifying four major areas where entrepreneurs perceive gaps. The four evolved themes are (a) inappropriate strategic planning, (b) shortfalls in marketing, (c) risk aversion attitude, and (d) lack of scientific analysis of funding factors.Conclusion: Many startups either remain in the budding stage or end up failing due to various reasons. In this context, the present study explored the areas where gaps are identified by young entrepreneurs. This clearly highlights that there is an urgent need for a paradigm shift from "new startups" to "save startups." Scientifically analyzing the gaps and redesigning strategies to bridge the gaps will contribute to exponential growth for startups. Keywords: Entrepreneur, Startup, Gap

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Keywords: Entrepreneur, Startup, Gap

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The shat karmas are six sets of purifying rituals as described under hatha yoga. It includes Dhauti, Basti, Neti, Trataka, Nauli and Kaphalabhati. It should be practiced when medas and kapha are in excess. Shat karma practices are thought to help balance both the sharir and manas doshas. One of the essential components of shat karmas, or the six purifying practices that make up the core of hatha yoga, is neti kriya. When this neti is performed using water this is called as jala neti. The aim of this process is to purify the nasal tract. This way Jala Neti rinses mucosal lining and helps add moisture inside the nose to dissolve and soften thick or crusty mucus. Jal neti is generally followed by Kaphala bhati which also aids in removal of residual water from the upper respiratory tract, beside this it also helps in proper cleaning and aeration of the upper respiratory tract. An endeavor is being made to collect and examine articles highlighting the therapeutic benefits of neti kriya. Databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Ayush Portal were searched. For the search, we utilized keywords like jala neti, neti kriya, neti, as well as terms like yoga, sinusitis, rhinitis, common cold, vision, snoring, and mental health. Sinusitis is one of the most common disease encountered routinely in general practice among the population. Our sinus cavities get clogged with impurities which can cause infections, headaches, and inflammation. Jal neti plays an important role in the drainage of collection present in maxillary sinus. Luke warm water leads to vasodilatation, increase phagocytosis and NACL help in conversion of thick mucus into thin secretion. The aim of this review article is to showcase the therapeutical effect of jal neti in chronic maxillary sinusitis.

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jal neti, shat karma, chronic maxillary sinusitis

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Smart sunglasses integrating AI, AR, and real-time object detection are designed to enhance safety and independence for women and visually impaired individuals. With advanced object detection powered by the YOLO algorithm, visually impaired users receive audio feedback to navigate safely through their surroundings, avoiding obstacles like vehicles and pedestrians. For women's safety, the sunglasses feature an SOS alert system that can be activated by voice commands, sending the user's GPS location to emergency contacts via GSM. Additionally, health sensors monitor vital signs, alerting caregivers in case of emergencies. The glasses also include an AI-powered virtual assistant with GPT integration, allowing users to send messages, check the weather, and receive notifications hands-free. This combination of safety, health monitoring, and productivity features makes these smart sunglasses a powerful wearable device, designed to promote independence, security, and efficiency in daily life.

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Intelligent Wearable Sunglasses, Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, Real-Time Object Detection, Emergency SOS, Health Monitoring, Voice Commands, Transparent OLED Display

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