Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Rare genetic disorders collectively affect millions of individuals worldwide, presenting a significant clinical and research challenge due to the diversity and complexity of the underlying mutations. Current treatment options are often limited, focusing on symptom management rather than addressing the root genetic causes. This review article aims to provide a perspective on the evolving field of gene therapy for rare genetic disorders, emphasizing recent advancements, current challenges, and future directions. A comprehensive review of recent advancements in gene therapy for rare genetic disorders was conducted, focusing on therapeutic strategies, delivery systems, and clinical outcomes. Key examples, such as the use of viral vectors and gene-editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR), were highlighted. The challenges, including immune responses and ethical concerns, were also examined. Gene therapy has achieved significant milestones, with the successful development of therapies like Zolgensma for spinal muscular atrophy and Luxturna for retinal dystrophy. However, several hurdles, including efficient gene delivery, immune reactions, and long-term safety, remain unresolved. Gene therapy holds transformative potential for the treatment of rare genetic disorders. While recent successes mark a new era in genetic medicine, ongoing research is required to refine delivery mechanisms, overcome immunrelated barriers, and ensure ethical and safe therapeutic interventions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gene therapy, rare genetic disorders, Zolgensma, in vivo gene therapy, ex vivo gene therapy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The nature of product's flow characteristics is significant in transportation system design of food processing operations and equipment. The study aims to investigate mathematically the rheology of tomato ketchup through a circular pipe using power-law fluid model. The rheological flow parameters of tomato ketchup exhibiting pseudoplastic nature of flow under certain prescribed condition are considered. The equations guiding fluid motion are obtained in cylindrical coordinate system using appropriate flow assumptions. Using relevant boundary conditions, the flow dominant equations are solved analytically to get expressions related to flow behaviour computation. MATLAB's "bvp4c" solver is utilised to do the mathematical computations. The impact of rheological flow feature factors is analyzed from graphs and tables. The findings of this investigation will be beneficial for transportation system design and evaluation of fluid food products through a circular pipe.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tomato Ketchup, Rheology, Pseudoplastic, Power-Law fluid, Flow index.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the critical challenges and strategic solutions in Process Optimization and Regulatory Compliance for Individual Income Tax Return (ITR) filing. With the increasing complexity of tax codes and the mandatory shift towards digital submission, individual taxpayers face a crucial need to streamline their preparation workflow, minimize errors, and ensure absolute adherence to statutory requirements. This research examines how process mapping and technological automation can be leveraged to reduce filing time, mitigate penalties due to incorrect data entry, and enhance the overall accuracy of the reported financial information. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating primary research through simulated filing execution and time-motion analysis of typical ITR filing workflows with a thorough secondary review of current tax laws and established compliance protocols. The primary research focuses on the entire lifecycle of filing preparation: data aggregation, reconciliation with Form 26AS/AIS/TIS, calculation validation, and final e-filing submission. The analysis utilizes both qualitative insights into user-reported bottlenecks and cognitive load, as well as quantitative data such as average preparation time, error rates per filing stage, and first-attempt acceptance ratios. The results show that a successful ITR filing is a complex, automated workflow that must be precisely tailored to the taxpayer's income source and complexity profile, moving beyond a manual, document-centric approach. Automation tools for data reconciliation demonstrated significantly reduced processing time and lower incidence of common computational errors. Human review, on the other hand, was best for creating the final layer of judgement-based validation and instant, widespread visibility for campaigns that emphasized brand stature. The study concludes that optimal ITR preparation is achieved when technology and human expertise are strategically combined, using data-driven insights to strike a balance between rapid processing efficiency and long-term regulatory compliance. By showing that successful ITR filing necessitates a shift away from traditional manual processing and toward a more comprehensive assessment of systemic data integrity, workflow automation, and predictive compliance checks, this study offers taxpayers and financial consultants a useful road map. In a competitive digital landscape, individuals can create more impactful, scalable, and authentic influencer marketing models that generate both short-term visibility and long-term brand equity by combining operational agility, proactive talent curation, and data-driven planning.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Income Tax Return (ITR) Filing, Process Optimization, Tax Compliance, Digitalization in Taxation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Digital payment systems have become an essential component of modern financial activity, significantly influencing how individuals manage their money. With platforms such as UPI, mobile wallets, QR-based payments, and online banking, financial transactions have become faster, easier, and more transparent. This study examines the impact of digital payment systems on personal financial management, particularly in budgeting, saving, spending habits, and financial discipline. The findings indicate that digital payments enhance convenience, accuracy, and transparency; however, they also contribute to increased impulsive spending and expose users to cybersecurity risks. Recommendations are made to improve financial literacy and promote safer digital practices among users.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Digital Payments, UPI, Personal Finance, Financial Management, Budgeting, Saving, Spending Behaviour, Digital Literacy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Travel Reservation Website is an online platform designed to simplify the process of planning and booking travel services such as flights, hotels, car rentals, and vacation packages. The system provides users with a unified interface to search, compare, and reserve travel options according to their preferences, eliminating the need to visit multiple websites or physical travel agencies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Travel reservation system Online travel booking Travel booking website Online ticket booking Vacation booking platform Tour and travel website Travel management system Hotel and flight booking website Holiday reservation system Travel portal website

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Brushless DC motors (BLDC) are widely used in electric vehicles due to their high torque, performance efficiency, and superior reliability. However, BLDC motors experience dynamic load fluctuations and nonlinearities during operation, making speed control challenging. While conventional PID controllers exhibit fast response and good settling time, they fail to maintain satisfactory performance during load variations. This thesis addresses this limitation by proposing a Neuro-Sliding Mode Control (NSMC) approach that combines sliding mode control with feed-forward neural networks using Radial Basis Functions (RBF) to eliminate chattering and improve dynamic response. The proposed controller effectively handles load disturbances and set-point variations, achieving superior steady-state and transient performance compared to conventional PID and standard SMC controllers.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

BLDC Motor, PID Controller, Sliding Mode Control, Neural Network, RBF, Chattering Elimination, Electric Vehicle

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The digital revolution has irrevocably transformed the landscape of education, particularly in the realms of commerce and management. This research paper delves into the critical transformations occurring within these educational domains, examining the challenges, opportunities, and potential pathways forward. By analyzing the impact of technology on curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, and student engagement, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving needs of commerce and management students in the digital age. Additionally, it explores the role of institutions, faculty, and students in adapting to these changes and ensuring the continued relevance of commerce and management education. Through a mixed-methods approach, this research investigates the integration of digital technologies into commerce and management curricula, the effectiveness of digital learning tools, the challenges and opportunities faced by faculty members. The findings highlight the increasing demand for digital skills among students, the challenges faced by institutions in integrating digital content, the need for teacher professional development, the potential of technology to enhance student engagement, and the ethical implications of using technology in education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Education, Commerce and Management Education, Technology Integration, Curriculum Innovation, Teacher Development, Student Engagement

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract INTRODUCTION: In today's era, smartphones, laptops, tablets, and books used for learning, communication, and entertainment has become an integral part of adolescent life. However, prolonged incorrect posture has led to rising health concerns like Text Neck Syndrome, caused by forward bending of the neck while using devices, studying books placed below eye level, results in pain, stiffness, and long-term musculoskeletal complications especially among adolescents with high digital and academic demands. Increasing awareness about proper posture, ergonomics and preventive exercises is essential. A Blended learning approach, combining classroom teaching with digital resources, provides an effective and engaging method to improve knowledge and promote healthy practices for preventing Text Neck Syndrome. AIM: To increase the level of knowledge regarding prevention of Text Neck Syndrome among the students at selected Higher Secondary Schools, Daman. METHODOLOGY: A Quantitative research approach with Quasi experimental, pre-test post-test research design was adopted for this study. Total 260 samples were selected from Government Higher Secondary Schools by using Stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by using self-structured knowledge questionnaire before and after administration of blended learning approach and after 14 days post- test was conducted. RESULT: The study result shows that pre-test mean was 9.44 whereas post-test mean was 23.86. The mean difference and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test knowledge was 14.42, 2.19 and 3.38 respectively. The calculated z-value was 13.964, which exceeds the critical z-value of 1.96 at <0.05 level of significance which shows that the Blended Learning Approach is significantly effective in increasing knowledge regarding prevention of Text Neck Syndrome among Higher secondary school students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Blended Learning Approach, Text Neck Syndrome, Higher Secondary schools Students.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the adverse effect of fundal pressure in second stage of labour on Parturients mother. A descriptive comparative research design adopted and a total of 60 Parturients mother and their babies. Mother of gestational age above 37 years were selected through purposive sampling in the labour unit of government hospital. The samples were divided into two groups, 30 Parturients mother in group one is given fundal pressure and 30 Parturients mother in group second is not given fundal pressure during second stage of labour. The mothers were assessed through following tool i.e. socio demographic variables, clinical variables and maternal fetal birth outcome checklist. G1 is Fundal Pressure group and Group 2 is non- Fundal Pressure group in both group is 15-15 primigravida and 15-15 multigravida mothers in both groups. In fundal pressure group Parturients mothers 46.7% moderate and 53.3% severe adverse effect in maternal outcomes and non-fundal pressure group is 100% mild adverse effect in both group. In fetal birth outcome G1a 5 (33.3) mild 10(66.7%) moderate G2a 4(26.7%) mild and 11 (73.3%) moderate score. The study showed that the higher adverse effect in fundal pressure group.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fundal Pressure, Parturient Mothers, Fetal Birth Outcomes

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this study conceptual framework is based on patient centered approach theory of Faye Glenn abdellah (1960). The problem solving method is the basis for abdellah'model. A pre-experimental research approach using one group pre-test post test research designs was adopted for the study. The population comprise of 60 adolescent girls between the age group of 11-18 year had haemoglobin level from 8-9.9 gm/dl. The main study was conducted at selected urban slum of Indore. The duration of study was 1 January to February 2025. Based on the objectives and hypotheses; the data was analyzed using various statistical tests. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. The study intended to measure the increase in haemoglobin level among adolescent girls after intervention. Here group was assessed before and after introducing the intervention i.e. administration of lemon juice The key variables were lemon juice supplement. A structured interview schedule was used for socio-demographic variables and sahli's haemometer was used to assess haemoglobin. Six experts did the validation of tool. Reliability of sahli's haemometer was found to be r = 0.92, by Karl Pearson correlation co-efficient. After conducting study it was found that there is increase in haemoglobin after administration of lemon juice. There was significant difference between pre-test and post-test haemoglobin level of adolescent girls at the level of p<= 0.05 . The finding of the study revel that there was significant increase in haemoglobin level at the level p<= 0.05 after administration of lemon juice. And increase in haemoglobin at the level of p <= 0.01 after administration of lemon juice. The finding of the study has implication in nursing education, nursing practice, nursing administration, nursing research. This study will help to raise awareness among nursing student, educators, and community leaders the importance of lemon juice. Nurse administrator should take initiative in adopting policies or plan with government of India or Madhya Pradesh for incorporating this type of supplement for improving the haemoglobin of adolescent girls .

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Lemon Juice, Anaemia, Adolescent Girls, Urban Slum

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition