Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Mass spectrometry (MS) has become one of the most important tools used today in pharmaceutical, biomedical, environmental, and forensic laboratories. Since the first MS instrument was developed by J.J. Thomson in the early 1900s, the technique has grown into a highly advanced method for studying molecules. Modern MS instruments are extremely sensitive and can detect even very tiny amounts of substances--sometimes as low as femtograms. MS is also very versatile because it can easily connect with separation methods like liquid chromatography (LC-MS), gas chromatography (GC-MS), and capillary electrophoresis (CE-MS). Different ionization techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure ionization (API), chemical ionization (CI), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) allow MS to analyze many types of molecules--from small volatile compounds to large and delicate biomolecules like proteins and peptides. Mass analyzers such as quadrupole, orbitrap, time-of-flight (TOF), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR), and hybrid Q-TOF systems help in separating ions with high accuracy and speed.

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 Keywords

Mass spectrometry Ionization techniques, Electron impact (EI), Electrospray ionization (ESI) ,MALDI ,Time-of-flight analyzer (TOF), Quadrupole mass analyzer, FT-ICR, Hyphenated techniques (LC-MS, GC-MS, CE-MS).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In an era of redefining the retail experience through e-commerce, the aspects of personalization and user interaction have become key drivers for customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. This paper proposes an adaptive next-generation e-commerce platform with the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Augmented Reality (AR) to create a highly personalized and interactive shopping experience. The system has an intelligent AI-based chatbot with real-time, natural-language dialogue for determining user preferences based on body type, skin tone, and emotional response. It has hyper-personalized fashion and accessory suggestions with deep learning algorithms and sentiment analysis. A virtual try-on option using AR allows users to try clothes with a webcam, mobile camera, or uploaded pictures, thereby bridging the gap between offline and online shopping. Further, the platform focuses on sustainability through green product filters and real-time feedback based on user engagement and mood. Through the synergy of emotion-aware AI and immersive AR, our system proposes to transform the online fashion experience to make it more interactive, inclusive, and sustainable.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI, NLP, AR, e-commerce, chatbot, personalized shopping.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nutraceutical merges "nutrition"& "pharmaceutical" and foods derived components contribute to maintaining and improving normal physiological functions. Growing interest in these products is driven by their potential health benefits and their increasing acceptance as alternatives or complements to conventional medical treatments. Fruits and vegetables are essential parts of a balanced diet, and the global nutraceutical industry continues to expand due to population growth, lifestyle diseases, and changing health preferences. Nutraceuticals include fuctional fibers, beneficial microbes, Essential lipid, protective bioactive agent,herbs other plant-based compounds. Their therapeutic contributions are attracting significant attention from researchers, particularly in the development of specialized dosage forms that enhance delivery and biological effectiveness. Extensive studies suggest that nutraceuticals may help manage condition neoplastic disorder,bioenergetic glycemic disorder,chronic respiratory obstruction various chronic disorders. This review provides a detailed classification of nutraceuticals, highlights their potential therapeutic applications, and discusses advances in formulation development, related challenges, and future prospects. Ultimately, Nutraceuticals lies in their ability to enhance well-being and guiding innovative research in the field.

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 Keywords

Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, Nutraceuticals, Disease Prevention.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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80% of the ESRD patients undergoing dialysis suffer from insomnia. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of acupressure therapy on the quality of sleep among hemodialysis patients in selected hospitals of Indore. Through purposive sampling technique a total of 80 samples were selected from the accessible population and then samples were assigned to experimental and control group. After the pre-test acupressure therapy was given to the experimental group. Control received routine care provided in the dialysis unit. The quality of sleep was assessed before and after intervention among both the group using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Findings of the study revealed that there is a significant improvement in the quality of sleep with acupressure therapy at the level p ? 0.001 in the experimental group.

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 Keywords

Hemodialysis, Acupressure therapy, Quality of sleep, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a blockchain system featuring real-time graph visualization capabilities deployed through containerized infrastructure. The system demonstrates core blockchain principles including distributed ledger technology, cryptographic hashing (SHA-256), and chain integrity verification while providing an intuitive web-based interface for visualizing block relationships and network topology. By leveraging Docker containerization and Nginx reverse proxy architecture, the implementation achieves platform-independent deployment with minimal configuration overhead. Performance analysis reveals a hash rate of 785 H/s with block mining times of 82.4 seconds at difficulty level 4, while maintaining responsive UI through asynchronous execution. The canvas-based visualization approach reduces application size by 85% compared to library-based alternatives (47 KB gzipped vs 250+ KB), enabling deployment on resource-constrained environments. Educational testing indicates 60% improvement in blockchain concept comprehension compared to text-based instruction. The containerized architecture achieves 12-second deployment time from clone to running application, compared to hours required for production blockchain synchronization. This implementation serves as both an educational tool for teaching distributed systems concepts and a foundation for blockchain research, demonstrating that sophisticated blockchain functionality can be achieved entirely client-side using browser-native JavaScript APIs without external dependencies.

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 Keywords

Blockchain, Graph Visualization, Docker, Distributed Systems, Cryptographic Hash Functions, Web-Based Interface, Proof of Work, Educational Technology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigated what makes social media trends go viral among Mumbai's Generation Z, a highly influential but hard-to-please audience. For brands, engaging this group is high-risk, as attempts can be seen as either "real" or "fake." The researchers' goal was to create a clear guide for brands to connect authentically. We discovered two key findings: First, hyperlocal content is critical. Using Mumbai-specific references such as like local slang, inside jokes about commuting, or familiar landmarks, that makes Gen Z significantly more likely to share content. Second, this group doesn't really care if a brand started the trend or just joined in later. What matters is how the brand participates; they value authenticity, creativity, and whether the brand adds value (like being funny or useful) far more than the trend's origin. In conclusion, this paper provides a practical framework showing marketers that building genuine connections means prioritizing a real understanding of local culture over simply chasing the next trend.

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 Keywords

Genz, Generational Cohort Analysis, Five sources model.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper undertakes a comparative examination of the concept of separation of power in federal systems, focusing on India, the United States, and the United Kingdom. By analyzing seminal judicial decisions - Ram Jawaya Kapoor v. State of Punjab (1955), S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994), Marbury v. Madison (1803), and Thomas Bonham v University of Cambridge (1610), (Dr Bonham's Case)- this study highlights the evolution and application of separation of power principles in these jurisdictions. The paper demonstrates how these landmark cases have shaped the contours of federalism, ensuring effective checks and balances among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Ram Jawaya Kapoor case established the Indian Supreme Court's power of judicial review, while Marbury v. Madison case pioneered judicial review in the USA. Dr. Bonham's case, though an early precedent, illustrates the UK's nuanced approach to separation of power through constitutional conventions. This research reveals convergences and divergences in the implementation of separation of power across these nations, influencing federal-state relations, parliamentary sovereignty, and constitutional supremacy. The study argues that, despite variations in federal structures and constitutional frameworks, the principles of separation of power remain essential to preventing authoritarianism and safeguarding individual rights. Separation of power is essential for maintaining federalism's integrity, ensuring power distribution, accountability, and protection of individual rights. This research paper aims to compare and contrast the separation of powers in aspect of federalism in India, USA, and UK, examining the historical context, constitutional provisions, and institutional mechanisms that govern the distribution of power. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each system, this study seeks to identify best practices and areas for improvement in ensuring effective checks and balances.

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 Keywords

o Separation of Powers o Federalism o Comparative Constitutional Law o India-USA-UK o Judicial Review o Constitutional Provisions o Landmark Judgments o Checks and Balances o Parliamentary Sovereignty o Constitutional Supremacy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The growing concern of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) requires ongoing advancements in the identification of new antibacterial compounds. The quinoline structure has long been one of the essential frameworks in medicinal chemistry, leading to the development of a highly effective group of antibiotics known as fluoroquinolones. This review examines the progression and contemporary advancements in quinoline-derived antibacterial agents. While classical fluoroquinolones target bacterial Type II topoisomerases (DNA gyrase and topo IV), the widespread emergence of resistance mechanisms (quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) mutations and efflux pumps) has driven a strategic shift in synthetic efforts. We describe the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) for both traditional and novel derivatives, focusing on promising recent approaches. This encompasses the creation of hybrid compounds that feature dual mechanisms of action, C-2 oxo-quinolines that demonstrate strong anti-biofilm activity, and quinolinium salts crafted to overcome resistance through non-specific membrane disruption. We finish by addressing significant challenges, including systemic toxicity and the barrier posed by the Gram-negative outer membrane, and outline future pathways, highlighting the necessity for compounds that focus on non-topoisomerase mechanisms (such as ATP synthase) and the application of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) to maintain the quinoline scaffold as an essential resource in combating AMR.

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 Keywords

Quinoline, Fluoroquinolone, Antibacterial Agents, Antimicrobial Resistance, SAR, Hybrid Molecules, DNA Gyrase.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The accurate prediction of an aero engine's Remaining Useful Life (RUL) is essential not only for safety enhancement but also for the maintenance optimization that eventually reduces operational costs within the aviation sector. Traditionally, models based on physics require enormous expertise in a specific domain and do not scale appropriately with data complexity. Recent breakthroughs in machine learning and deep learning facilitate the development of data- driven models that capture non-trivial temporal multivariate dynamics in sensor measurements and hence allow for more precise RUL predictions at greater scalability. This survey covers a broad spectrum of ML and DL methodologies applied to aero engine prognostics, including RNNs, CNNs, LSTM networks, Transformers, and hybrid architectures. The authors review feature engineering methods as well as data preprocessing techniques, transfer learning, and model evaluation. The paper ends with a highlight on the state-of- theart challenges like data insufficiency, generalization capability, and model interpretability; then pays ways to future tracks in predictive maintenance via intelligent systems.

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 Keywords

Remaining Useful Life (RUL), Aero Engine Prognostics, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Predictive Maintenance, Time Series Forecasting, CNN-LSTM, Transformer Networks, CMAPSS Dataset, Feature Engineering.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A thousand-year-old Indian spice trade became the foundation of the global economic and cultural exchange. Other types of spices, including black pepper, turmeric, cardamom, cinnamon, and clove served not only as needed food but were also used in medicine, rituals, and perfumery. This study will examine the history, trade routes and the international legacy of Indian masalas. The study employs a qualitative and historical research approach in analysis of textual, archaeological and statistical data to figure out how India became the center of the ancient spice world. Since the busy ports of Muziris to the archives of the Roman Empire, Indian spices influenced the international relationship, even sparking colonialist desires and still within the food and wellness markets of the world. The paper concludes that the ancient masala trade history is still deeply entrenched in the global culture and economy to this day.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indian masala, Global spice demand, Ancient maritime trade, Roman-Indian trade relations, Ayurvedic spice use

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition