Volume 10 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Abstract- The goal of this review article is to explore the usage of a range of image processing technologies in order to provide an automated diagnosis of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a neurological disease that affects the optic nerve. If left untreated, it may cause a person to gradually lose part or all of their vision. It is true that a considerable percentage of people in the world's rural and semi-urban areas suffer from eye issues; nevertheless, this is also the case in all other locations. The diagnosis of retinal illnesses is now almost exclusively accomplished by the processing of images obtained through the study of photographs of the fundus of the retina. Some of the fundamental image processing techniques for diagnosing eye diseases include image registration, picture fusion, image segmentation, feature extraction, image enhancement, morphology, pattern matching, image classification, analysis, and statistical measurements

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 Keywords

Image Registration; Fusion; Segmentation; Statistical measures; Morphological operation; Classification.

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Decision-making is a complex issue due to vague, imprecise, and indeterminate environment particularly when attributes are more than one and further bifurcated. Hypersoft set have gained more importance as a generalization of soft sets. Neutrosophic soft set environment cannot be used to tackle such type of issues. To solve such types of problems, the concept of Neutrosophic Hypersoft set is introduced. In this paper, the primary focus includes the analytical study of some common operators for PNHSM has been developed. Finally, Decision-making issues have been presented by establishing a new algorithm based on a score function and also it has been examined with the help of numerical example for the recruitment of teachers for government postings. The validity and implementation of definitions are verified by presenting suitable example. Using (PNHSMs) method to solve real-world problems such as decision makings like the selection of teachers, Personal Selection, Office administration and many other problems can be solved.

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 Keywords

MCDM, Uncertainity, Soft set, Neutrosophic soft set, Hypersoft set, Neutrosophic hypersoft set, Pythagorean Neutrosophic Hypersoft Set, Pythagorean Neutrosophic hypersoft matrices.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Panchayat Raj Institutions, local self-government, decentralization, local authorities.

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Upper cross syndrome (UCS) is a frequent postural dysfunctional pattern in which the musculature of the shoulder girdle/cervicothoracic region of the body has a dysfunctional tone. UCS refers to a distinct altered muscle activation pattern, as well as changed movement patterns and postural abnormalities, according to Vladimir Janda. The term "rounded shoulders" is frequently used to characterize the upper crossing syndrome's rounded forward shoulder girdle and arm position. The levator scapulae, pectoralis major, and upper trapezius have tightness, excessive facilitation, and over excitation, whereas the serratus anterior, deep neck flexors, notably the scalene, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and rhomboids, have weakness, inhibition, and suppression. Upper cross syndrome is characterised by a forward head position, thoracic spine hunching, lifted and protracted shoulders, scapular winging, and limited thoracic spine mobility. Muscle imbalances, discomfort, and reduced range of motion result from these aberrant postural variations, which cause stress on muscles and articulating surfaces. The craniocervical, cervico-thoracic, and gleno-humeral joints, as well as the C4-C5 and T4-T5 segments, are commonly impacted joints. This ailment is given the term "cross" because a "X" (a cross) can be drawn across the upper torso. Muscle imbalance between tonic and phasic muscle is the most common cause of this condition.

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 Keywords

Upper Cross Syndrome, Neck Disability Index Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Surgimap Spine Software, Craniovertebral Angle, Forward Head Posture.

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 Abstract

Premature labour occurs when regular contractions result in the opening of your cervix after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy. Premature labour can result in premature birth. The earlier premature birth happens, the greater the health risks for your baby. Many premature babies (preemies) need special care in the neonatal intensive care unit. Preemies can also have long-term mental and physical disabilities. The specific cause of premature labour often isn't clear. Certain risk factors might increase the chance of premature labour, but premature labour can also occur in pregnant women with no known risk factors.

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Decidual haemorrhage, Birth asphyxia, Perinatal asphyxia, Persistent pulmonary hypertension , Meconium aspiration syndrome.

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 Abstract

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occur frequently in modern medical practice, increasing morbidity and mortality and inflating the cost of care. Patients with cardiovascular disease are particularly vulnerable to ADRs due to their advanced age, polypharmacy, and the influence of heart disease on drug metabolism. The ADR potential for a particular cardiovascular drug varies with the individual, the disease being treated, and the extent of exposure to other drugs. Knowledge of this complex interplay between patient, drug, and disease is a critical component of safe and effective cardiovascular disease management. The majority of significant ADRs involving cardiovascular drugs are predictable and therefore preventable. Better patient education, avoidance of polypharmacy, and clear communication between physicians, pharmacists, and patients, particularly during the transition between the inpatient to outpatient settings, can substantially reduce ADR risk.

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Adverse drug effects, Cardiovascular Disease, Drug , Metabolism

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Background: The ankle joint is the most commonly injured joint of the musculoskeletal system. Ankle sprain are the most common musculoskeletal injury. Dorsi flexion range of motion and pain deficit have been identified following ankle sprain. Talocrual joint mobilizations have been demonstrated to improve dorsi flexion range of motion. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate effect of joint mobilization on ankle pain and ROM in chronic ankle sprain. Method: A randomized controlled study,54 participants with age group of 17-45 years were included in this study. All participants were randomly allocated into two groups. Group-A treatment group/mobilization group (n=27) and Group-B control group/exercise group (n=27). Group-A received mobilization and group-B received only exercise. Immediately after post intervention DFROM and NPRS were measured. All outcome measure were assessed pre-treatment and immediately post-treatment. Result: A total of 54 subjects were analyzed and the results were obtained using parametric t-test for within group and independent t-test for between group comparison. The results of this study demonstrate a greater mean increase of 19.37 in DFROM and 1.14 in NPRS found in group-A that mean increase of 18.40 in DFROM and 0.96 in NPRS found in group-B. Which shows that joint mobilization technique improves dorsiflexion range as compared to exercise. But there is no significant relevance with pain. Conclusion: This study has shown that the joint mobilization technique led to greater improvement in dorsiflexion range of motion as compared to exercise. Improve in pain remain same in both groups.

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Ankle ROM, Chronic ankle sprain, Joint Mobilization, NPRS, Pain.

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The study of dielectric properties in alcohols on addition of nonpolar solute like 1, 4-dioxane provides information about breaking of the molecular multimer structures in the systems. The values of complex permittivity for alcohol + 1, 4-dioxane using time domain reflectometry (TDR) method, the mixtures with various concentrations at 250C have been determined in the frequency range 10 MHz to 20 GHz. The excess permittivity, excess inverse relaxation time, Bruggman factor and Kirkwood factor has been determined. The excess property for all the systems is negative.

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Dielectric relaxation, Kirkwood correlation factor, time domain reflectometry

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Introduction: Siddha System of Medicine is practiced in south India and consists of fundamental classical literature that stresses the importance of the tri-humoral make up of individuals. This system is bestowed with specialties which are Varmam, Yogam and Kayakarpam. Varmam is a branch of the Siddha system, which involves a special kind of therapy based on vital points called Varmam points present in the body. Varmam means uyir aattral. Varmam point is the energy storage place in which the energy is transmitted to various parts of the body that regulates all the functions of the body. Aim: To document the literature review of Varmam points located in the upper limb. Materials and Methods: In this present study the author visited the library of National Institute of Siddha, Govt. Siddha Medical College Chennai, Siddha Central Research Institute Chennai, ATSVS Siddha Medical College, Munchirai. Conclusion: There are so many schools of thought about the location of Varmam points in the classic Siddha literature. This review brings out that the upper limb may contain 33 Varmam points. The points were collected from the literature mostly similar. But the number is almost different from each Varmam classic text. The main contribution of this study is to present a comprehensive literature review on the Varmam points located in the upper limb mainly based on their location.

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 Keywords

Varmam points, Varmam literature, Upper limb, Location, Literature review

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer. Sewerage ends at the entry to a sewage treatment plant or at the point of discharge into the environment. It is the system of pipes, chambers, manholes, etc. that conveys the sewage or storm water. In many cities, sewage (or municipal wastewater) is carried together with stormwater, in a combined sewer system, to a sewage treatment plant. In some urban areas, sewage is carried separately in sanitary sewers and runoff from streets is carried in storm drains. Access to these systems, for maintenance purposes, is typically through a manhole. During high precipitation periods a sewer system may experience a combined sewer overflow event or a sanitary sewer overflow event, which forces untreated sewage to flow directly to receiving waters. This can pose a serious threat to public health and the surrounding environment.

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 Keywords

SewerGems, Sewer Network, Rural Areas.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition