Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

A chronic neurodegenerative condition called memory loss disease causes ? -amyloid plaque & neurofibrillary knot to form inside the brain of those who have it. Loss, depression, neuroinflammation, and other neurotransmitter dysregulation are further characteristics. The possibilitythat natural chemicals are alternative treatment for Alzheimer's disease has been studied. Brain-protective, anti-allergic, anti-amyloidogenic, and antibacterial substances are abundant in the Indian ayurvedic approach's traditional botanicals & formulas.By enhancing Reviving the nervous system and mental recall function,by means of neurogenesis they enhance quality of life.Modern research in conjunction with a wealth of traditional herbal plant knowledge (such as sankhpushpi,) may offer novel functional leads for the development of Alzheimer's medications. This article reviews the numerous clinical and experimental studies that support the use of Ayurveda, an ancient Indian herbal treatment system, to treat alzheimer disease and improve cognitive performance. This article offers a contemporary viewpoint in the plants used for traditional Indian medicine's significance in treating AD and possible mechanisms of action.. This study's primary goal is to present a comprehensive analysis of readily available and efficient herbal medications for the in order to treat AD.

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Alzheimer's disease illness plaques, Ayurvedic neuroinflammation, and neurofibrillary tangles.

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Abstract:Piper betel is the scientific name for betel leaf, normally called as paan leaf. It belongs to the genus Piper. Piper betle L., a member of the Piperaceae family, is utilized in Asian nations as an age-old herbal treatment over a number of illnesses.The leaves contain a variety of compounds that contribute to their flavor and aroma, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. A number of investigations indicate significantchemical constituents in Piper betel, including chavibetol, the chemical chavibetol acetate, caryophyllene, allylpyrocatechol diacetate, campene, chavibetol methyl ether, eugenol, a-Pinene, f-Pinene, uLimonene, safrole, 1-8-cineol, and allylpyrocatecholmonoacetate. Paan, a concoction of betel leaf, slaked lime, and areca nut, is a common culinary usage for betel leaves. Because of its large level of phenolic compounds and other natural compounds like flavonoids, tannins, and catechols, piper betel (betel leaf) has tremendous antioxidant capacity and considerable DPPH radical-fighting action. The alcohol extract of the betel plant was screened for antibacterial capacity using the disc diffusion process. Betel leaf juice and essential oil (EO) Being demonstrated to include a variety of bioactive components, particularly terpenes and polyphenols. Numerous medicinal properties, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anticancer, and gastroprotective qualities, are displayed by piper betel.

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Betel leaf , Medicinal properties, anti microbial, anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, Traditional use

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In this synthetic protocol urea 1 and substituted diethylidene- N-substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 2a-d on condensation in presence of catalytic amount of base catalyst resulted in to pyrrolo-dipyrimidine-dione 3a-d. The structures of all synthesized compounds have determined by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral techniques. All synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against pathogenic bacteria and fungal species by disc diffusion method. The results have compared with standard antibacterial and antifungal drugs. The results showed that N-substituted pyrolidin-dione not showed activities when it converted to pyrrolo-dipyrimidine-dione showed anti- bacterial as well as anti-fungal activities.

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N-substituted pyrolidin-dione, pyrrolo-dipyrimidine-dione, Michael acceptor

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Herbal lozenges represent a safe, natural, and child-friendly dosage form designed to deliver Phyto therapeutic agents locally to the oral cavity and throat. Their slow-dissolving matrix prolongs mucosal contact time, enabling sustained release of bioactive constituents and offering demulcent, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions beneficial for pediatric respiratory and oral conditions. Formulations commonly incorporate botanicals such as Glycyrrhiza glabra, Piper longum, ginger, turmeric, and guava leaf, supported by evidence demonstrating symptomatic relief in cough, sore throat, and mild irritation. Pediatric-specific formulation strategies include appropriate dose adjustment, optimized size and hardness, taste masking of bitter herbal extracts, and selection of safe excipients to ensure palatability and minimize choking risk. Techniques such as melting-molding, heating-congealing, and non-heat methods enable preparation of both hard and soft lozenges while preserving thermolabile constituents. Evaluation parameters hardness, dissolution time, microbial safety, and palatability ensure quality and acceptability for children. Despite limited large-scale pediatric trials, herbal lozenges remain a promising natural alternative when carefully standardized, formulated, and administered within age-appropriate guidelines.

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Herbal lozenges; Pediatric formulation; Demulcent action; Phyto therapeutics ; Throat relief; Controlled dissolution, etc

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Background: Aahar (diet) plays a pivotal role in Ayurveda, as it directly influences health, wellness, and disease prevention. A specific aspect of Aahar, Kritann Kalpana, involves processed and medicinal food preparations aimed at enhancing the therapeutic value of meals. These preparations were designed to support digestion, balance dosing, and promote overall well-being. Objectives: This article reviews the significance of Kritann Kalpana in Ayurvedic dietary practices, its role in disease prevention, and the mechanisms underlying its effects on health. Methods: A comprehensive review of classical Ayurvedic texts along with recent clinical studies and research articles was conducted. Results: The role of Kritann Kalpana in disease prevention is highlighted, with examples of specific food preparations of various rice-based dishes, such as Yavagu, Vilepi, Odana, and Krishra, each having distinct qualities and health benefits. Conclusion: Kritann Kalpana has substantial potential for disease prevention owing to its medicinal properties and a holistic approach to nutrition. Further clinical research is required to validate these ancient practices within modern medical paradigms.

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Aahar, Kritann Kalpana, Ayurveda, Disease Prevention, Medicinal Preparations, Health Promotion,Balroga.

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Hadi and Semeein [3] introduced and investigated fuzzy distributive modules as an expanded idea of distributive modules. They established the result between the fuzzy distributive module and the distributive of fuzzy singleton. Sharma [9] has studied the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy modules in many ways. Introducing intuitionistic fuzzy submodules of a module, Sharma proved that the intersection of two fuzzy submodules of a module is also a fuzzy submodule. Davvaz, Wieslaw and Jun [1] presented intuitionistic fuzzy submodules of modules and utilizing this notion, numerous scholars such as Isaac [4], Rahman [6], and Sharma [10] investigated it in many ways. They derived different operations on intuitionistic fuzzy sets, intuitionistic (T,S)-fuzzy submodule of a module, intuitionistic fuzzy H_v-submodules of a module and the relationship between fuzzy submodule, and intuitionistic fuzzy submodule of a module. Devi [2] developed the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy N-subgroups and ideals of N-group and discussed the association between intuitionistic fuzzy ideals and fuzzy ideals, which is being investigated by several scholars in various fields. In this paper, the concept of DN-groups extended to intuitionistic fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy weak DN-groups and uniserial N-groups to intuitionistic fuzzy uniserial N-groups.The core concepts employed in this chapter are found in [5, 7, 8]. Here, in general, ?,??[0,1] with ?+?<=1. Introducing the notion of IF DN-groups, the associated outcomes of the (?,?)-cut of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy DN-groups and intuitionistic fuzzy weak DN-groups are examined. Finally, the correlations among the intuitionistic fuzzy concepts of uniserial N-groups, DN-groups and weak DN-groups are derived.

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Intuitionistic fuzzy(IF) sets, DN-groups, weak DN-groups.

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India and the Quad: An Analysis of Multilateral Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific

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India and the Quad: An Analysis of Multilateral Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific

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The perennial, tasty climber Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Wild., often called spine gourd, teasel gourd, or kakrol, is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is well-known as a traditional medicinal plant and a nutrient-dense vegetable in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. Flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds are among the active substances abundant in M. divice's fruits, roots, and leaves, contributing to its wide range of pharmacological characteristics. Diabetes, inflammation, fever, wounds, helminthic infections, and gastrointestinal issues have all been treated with the plant in the past. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported by recent scientific studies, substantiating its traditional medical claims. Because of its rich nutritional content, which includes dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals, spine gourd is also known as a functional food. Momordica dioica's phytochemical composition, pharmacological activity, and therapeutic potential are highlighted in this review. It also underlines the need for additional research on the plant's inactive components, safety profile, and clinical uses in order to create innovative phyto pharmaceuticals. Astringent, febrifuge, antiseptic, anthelmintic, and spermicidal, it has been used for a long time. It is also used as a sedative and to treat bleeding piles, urinary tract infections, and other conditions. Analgesic, hypo glycemic, hepato protective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipid per oxidative properties have all been demonstrated.

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Cucurbitaceae, Curative Agent, Nutritional Value, Momordica dioica chemical constituents, Phytochemical screening, Methanol and ethanol.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly integrated into higher education as tools for student learning and academic support. These systems provide instant responses, personalized guidance, and administrative assistance, reshaping the way students interact with academic institutions. This paper explores the impact of AI chatbots on student learning outcomes, accessibility, and engagement, while also examining challenges such as over reliance, misinformation, and lack of emotional intelligence. Through literature review and data analysis, the study highlights both the benefits and limitations of chatbot adoption in education. Findings suggest that while chatbots enhance efficiency and accessibility, they must be complemented by human educators to ensure empathy, critical thinking, and ethical guidance. The paper concludes with recommendations for sustainable integration of AI chatbots in academic environments and outlines future directions for research and practice.

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AI chatbots, student learning, academic support, higher education, personalized learning, digital pedagogy, educational technology

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Abstract V. S. Naipaul's works explore the postcolonial psyche, especially in individuals caught between inherited colonial order and the desire for original self-definition. The Mimic Men (1967), one of Naipaul's most insightful novels, presents the borrowed identity experienced by Ralph Singh, a postcolonial subject attempting to order the contradictory expectations of a world shaped by colonial power. His struggle is symbolic of a larger postcolonial dilemma: the desire to belong to the metropolitan world that has defined one's aspirations, and the simultaneous awareness that such belonging is always conditional, fragile, and incomplete.

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mimicry, ambivalence, Third Space, liminality, postcolonial entity

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