IJCRT Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journal as Per New UGC Rules.
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2320-2882 | Impact factor: 7.97 | ESTD Year: 2013
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 7.97 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(CrossRef DOI)
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Paper Title: Options for sustainable earthquake-resistant design of concrete and steel buildings: A review
Author Name(s): Asim Ayoub, Er Vishakha2
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511729
Register Paper ID - 297004
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511729 and DOI : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297004
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 140301 , kharar, 140301 , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511729 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511729 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511729.pdf
Title: OPTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT DESIGN OF CONCRETE AND STEEL BUILDINGS: A REVIEW
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297004
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g185-g202
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 243
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Because of its large contribution to the environmental instability of the planet, the building industry will soon be subjected to a worldwide scrutiny. As a consequence, all professionals involved in the building industry will need to create a professional media in which their daily work adequately solves the technical issues involved in the conception, design and construction of concrete and steel buildings, and simultaneously convey care for the environment. This paper discusses, from the point of view of a structural engineer involved in earthquake-resistant design, some of the measures that can be taken to promote the consolidation of a building industry that is capable of actively contributing to the sustainable development of the world.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
displacement-based design; damage-tolerant structure; sustainable structural engineering; structural reuse; structural recycling.
Paper Title: Sangeet Jagat Main Raag Parichay ka Samikshatmak Adhyayan
Author Name(s): AUSHY, MADHU BALA SHARMA
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511728
Register Paper ID - 296754
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511728 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 243601 , Badau, 243601 , | Research Area: Arts All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511728 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511728 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511728.pdf
Title: SANGEET JAGAT MAIN RAAG PARICHAY KA SAMIKSHATMAK ADHYAYAN
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Arts All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g178-g184
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 147
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Sangeet mein pustako k bahut mahatvpurn sthan hai kyunki vah Gyan taknik itihaas aur bhavatmak abhivyakti Ko sanrakshit aur prasarit karne ka madhyam hoti hai Jahan ek aur sangeet sambandhit pustake raag Taal Swar liye aur vadya yantron ki taknik ko vistar se samajhne mein madad karti hai sangeet ke pustakon dwara vibhinn shailiyon kalakaron aur apni sangeetik Virasat ko janne samajhne ka avsar milta Hai to vahin dusri or sangeet sikhane wale chhatron ke liye pustak ek margdarshan ki tarah hoti hai vah abhyas ki vidhiyan rachnaen batati hai Jin vidyarthiyon ko guruon se niyamit Roop se sikhane ka avsar nahin milta unke liye pustake ek swadyan ka prabhavi sadhan Ban jaati Hai ISI kram mein raag Parichay pustak ke Charon bhag vidyarthiyon ko Sangeet ka gahan adhyayan to karati hi hai Sath hi sath Vidyarthi aur kalakaron Ko prerit karti hai unhen sangeet ki gahraiyon Tak pahunchne mein sahayata pradan karti hai raag Parichay pustak ka mahatva isliye bhi badh jata hai kyunki yah pustak na Keval Anubhav Gyan ka sangrah hai parantu pidhi dar pidhi parampara ko aage badhane mein bhi madad karti hai ine Charon pustakon ne na Keval hamara margdarshan Kiya Hai apitu Sangeet se sambandhit mahatvpurn Gyan hamen saral V sahaj Roop mein pradan kiya hai
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Vidyarthi, Pustake, Bhartiya sangeet,kala Adhyan
Paper Title: School Complexes as a strategy for Improving Education Quality: an Economic perspective
Author Name(s): Namala Charanya, G. Viswanathappa
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511727
Register Paper ID - 297229
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511727 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 570026 , Mysore, 570026 , | Research Area: Others area Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511727 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511727 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511727.pdf
Title: SCHOOL COMPLEXES AS A STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING EDUCATION QUALITY: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Others area
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g170-g177
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 156
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
As a solution for the financial hardship brought on by the economic crisis and the budget shortfall in the school education system, the New Education Policy has suggested "School Complexes." It is widely acknowledged that because of initiatives like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Samagra Shiksha, the Indian educational system has made significant progress toward achieving universal access. The number of small-sized schools rose as a result. the problems with teaching in various grades, having one instructor teach all topics, having insufficient resources, and having problems with administration and management. As a result, delivering quality education became difficult. In order to collaborate and make use of one another's resources, it was planned to cluster all the other grades that were within five to ten miles of a secondary school. It will require administrative integration rather than the physical relocation of schools, with each school operating as a separate institution with some autonomy. These school complex activities are economic functions that attempt to maximize resource utilization while decreasing cost, which is a cost-effective technique, through sharing of resources, experiences, cooperation, collaboration, etc.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
School Complexes, Quality Education, Economic Perspective, NEP 2020
Paper Title: Sadabad Uttar Pradesh Ke Hathras Jile Me Madhyamik Siksha Tak Pahuch Ki Chunautiya
Author Name(s): GUNJAN SINGH, Prof. Kavita Kannojia
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511726
Register Paper ID - 296976
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511726 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 282001 , Agra, 282001 , | Research Area: Social Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511726 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511726 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511726.pdf
Title: SADABAD UTTAR PRADESH KE HATHRAS JILE ME MADHYAMIK SIKSHA TAK PAHUCH KI CHUNAUTIYA
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Social Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g160-g169
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 152
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Sadabad Uttar Pradesh Ke Hathras Jile Me Madhyamik Siksha Tak Pahuch Ki Chunautiya
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Sadabad Uttar Pradesh Ke Hathras Jile Me Madhyamik Siksha Tak Pahuch Ki Chunautiya
Paper Title: Role of Narach Churna in the Management of Purishaja Anaha (Functional Constipation): A Comprehensive Review
Author Name(s): Dr. Hiral Patel, Dr. Sandeep Kate, Dr Kishor Pacharne
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511725
Register Paper ID - 296835
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511725 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 413702 , Shevgaon , 413702 , | Research Area: Health Science All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511725 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511725 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511725.pdf
Title: ROLE OF NARACH CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PURISHAJA ANAHA (FUNCTIONAL CONSTIPATION): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Health Science All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g154-g159
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 178
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Abstract Background: Purishaja Anaha, correlated with functional constipation, is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in infants and toddlers. Ayurveda attributes the condition to Apana Vata vitiation leading to Purisha Sanga (fecal retention). Narach Churna, a classical Ayurvedic formulation containing Trivrit, Pippali Moola, Khanda, and Madhu, is traditionally used for gentle bowel cleansing. Objective: To critically review the therapeutic relevance, pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, and clinical applicability of Narach Churna in managing Purishaja Anaha, based on Ayurvedic principles and modern pediatric gastroenterology. Methods: A narrative review of classical Ayurvedic texts, modern literature on pediatric constipation, pharmacological studies of ingredients, and data extracted from the thesis was performed. Evidence from pharmacognosy, pharmacology, and available clinical findings was synthesized. Conclusion: Narach Churna acts through Rechana, Anulomana, Deepana, and Mridu Shodhana mechanisms and demonstrates significant potential as a safe, effective, and child-friendly formulation for functional constipation. It addresses both root causes and symptomatic manifestations of Purishaja Anaha. Keywords: Narach Churna, Purishaja Anaha, Functional Constipation
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Keywords: Narach Churna, Purishaja Anaha, Functional Constipation
Paper Title: A Survey Report on Lifestyle of Cardiovascular Patients
Author Name(s): Vishvanshi Tyagi, Vinay Baghel, Sagarika Majhi, Raj Kumari, Gaurav Kumar
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511724
Register Paper ID - 297136
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511724 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 201206 , Ghaziabad, 201206 , | Research Area: Pharmacy All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511724 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511724 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511724.pdf
Title: A SURVEY REPORT ON LIFESTYLE OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Pharmacy All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g126-g153
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 152
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Background- The major cause of death worldwide, including in India, is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Major risk factors for CVD are becoming more common in the Indian population, according to several surveys carried out throughout the nation over the past few decades. Lack of a surveillance system and improper diagnosis are the main causes of India's rising risk factors for CVD. Aim and Objective: To determine the lifestyle of cardiovascular patients along with what medication they are taking. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey done among two cardiovascular hospitals. The prescriptions were collected from cardiovascular patients along with put up questions related to their lifestyle. In addition, platforms like Google scholar, science direct were used to review the literature for any relevant articles on cardiovascular disorders between 2015 and 2025. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease, specifically coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and associated risk factors in the Asian Indian community, is reviewed in this article. Results: As per the survey, among all the prescribed medicines, most of the persons who are having heart related issues are from Urban areas (77%) than the rural ones (23%). Also, most of the heart patients rely on junk food (22%) followed by physically inactive i.e. no workout or any cardio workout or activity (19%), then drinkers or smokers (10-13%) and others are having high cholesterol and obesity etc. The majority of the population is male (65%) than female (35%) who are having cardiac related issues. People in the age group of 40-60 are having major health related issues, followed by 60-80 age group people and so on.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Cardiovascular diseases, Epidemiology, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Congenital Heart Disease, Cerebrovascular illness, Rheumatic heart disease.
Paper Title: Evaluation and formulation of anti-ageing cream ( using green coffee )
Author Name(s): Mr. Abhishek kashinath shewale, Miss Komal More, Dr. D.K Vir, Gayatri Chintaman Sultane, Harsh Prabhakar Shimre
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511723
Register Paper ID - 296989
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511723 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, - , -, - , | Research Area: Science and Technology Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511723 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511723 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511723.pdf
Title: EVALUATION AND FORMULATION OF ANTI-AGEING CREAM ( USING GREEN COFFEE )
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Science and Technology
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g114-g125
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 152
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The purpose of present research work to formulate and evaluate herbal anti-aging cream with green coffee beans. Green coffee has many uses such as promotes weight loss, regulates blood sugar, control blood pressure, prevents cancer, boost mood, detoxifier and potent anti-aging effects.[4]th Due to high content of coffee polyphenols, green coffee beans are powerful antioxidant.[1] Method carried out to prepare herbal anti-aging cream was very simple. The base of this preparation was vanishing cream i.e O/W type of emulsion. Firstly oil phase was prepared, mixture of stearic acid (10%), cetyl alcohol (6%), liquid paraffin (6.6%), were melted at 70 C in water bath. Secondly aqeouse phase was prepared, mixture of glycerin (5%), methyl paraben (0.05%), propylene glycol (30%), distilled water (q.s) and during mixing of both phases add fine powder of green coffee beans [2,3]. The cream was evaluated by following parameters- organoleptic evaluation, viscosity, pH, spreadibilty, homogeneity, test for microbial growth, irritancy test, burchard test, removal test, physical stability. Results revealed no side effects and adverse reaction of prepared anti-aging cream. [3]
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Green coffee beans, anti-aging, vanishing cream, herbal cream, O/W type.
Paper Title: Ecosystem -- A Journey Through Living Networks
Author Name(s): Abhishek Kundu
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511722
Register Paper ID - 297272
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511722 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 731213 , Sainthia, 731213 , | Research Area: Biological Science Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511722 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511722 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511722.pdf
Title: ECOSYSTEM -- A JOURNEY THROUGH LIVING NETWORKS
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Biological Science
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g106-g113
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 140
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
This Research presents a month-long journey of observing and understanding ecosystems through personal experiences rather than scientific definitions. Beginning with simple moments on a balcony, the writer discovers how even small spaces hold thriving micro-ecosystems of insects, birds, plants, and soil organisms. Visits to ponds and forests deepen this awareness, revealing the harmony of natural interactions--sunlight, water, fungi, trees, animals, and decomposers all working together in continuous cycles of growth, decay, and renewal. The research also highlights the existence of ecosystems in unexpected places, such as busy urban streets where pigeons, dogs, crows, insects, and roadside plants form their own interconnected networks influenced by human behavior. Further exploration of invisible ecosystems--microbes in soil, bacteria in the human body, and microscopic life in water--expands the understanding of life's complexity. Reflections on marine ecosystems emphasize their global significance and their vulnerability to pollution and human activities. Throughout the entries, the writer recognizes the delicate balance that supports every ecosystem and the increasing pressures caused by human impact. The research concludes with the realization that humans are inseparable from these networks. Every action, small or large, affects ecological balance, creating a personal commitment to act responsibly and protect the natural world.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Ecosystem, Biotic factors, Abiotic factors, Habitat, Community ,Population, Biodiversity, Food chain, Food web, Trophic levels, Producer, Consumer, Decomposer, Energy flow, Nutrient cycle, Ecological balance.
Paper Title: Homeopathic Silicea Exhibits Dose-Dependent Cytotoxicity In MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: An In Vitro Study
Author Name(s): Prof Dr. REJIN R ,MD (Hom), Dr. JANANI P, Dr.ANGELIN B L, Prof Dr. Ginu D Mohan ,MD(Hom)
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511721
Register Paper ID - 297113
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511721 and DOI : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297113
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 629177 , KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, 629177 , | Research Area: Humanities All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511721 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511721 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511721.pdf
Title: HOMEOPATHIC SILICEA EXHIBITS DOSE-DEPENDENT CYTOTOXICITY IN MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELL LINE: AN IN VITRO STUDY
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i11.297113
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Humanities All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g100-g105
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 188
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
Introduction: Silicea is a widely used homeopathic remedy which is known for supporting the body's natural healing processes, especially in chronic infections, skin diseases, and connective tissue weakness. Scientific evidence regarding its impact in cancer research is still scarce despite its therapeutic application. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Silicea on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines at potencies of 30CH, 200C, 1M and 10M. Using the MTT assay, metabolic activity and cell viability were assessed after treatment. Result: The results shows notable morphological changes such as cell shrinkage and loss of adherence, indicating reduced viability and possible apoptotic effects. These results indicate that Silicea may possess cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells and should be explored in more detail through further research.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Cytotoxicity, MCF-7 cell line, Homoeopathy.
Paper Title: A Comparative Study Of SMS, WhatsApp, And Push Notifications For Engaging Gen Z In Digital Lending Space.
Author Name(s): TANYA R MAKWANA, Prof. ANAND LIMAYE
Published Paper ID: - IJCRT2511720
Register Paper ID - 297178
Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT
DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT2511720 and DOI :
Author Country : Indian Author, India, 400067 , MUMBAI, 400067 , | Research Area: Management All Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2511720 Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT2511720 Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2511720.pdf
Title: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SMS, WHATSAPP, AND PUSH NOTIFICATIONS FOR ENGAGING GEN Z IN DIGITAL LENDING SPACE.
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :
Pubished in Volume: 13 | Issue: 11 | Year: November 2025
Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
Subject Area: Management All
Author type: Indian Author
Pubished in Volume: 13
Issue: 11
Pages: g93-g99
Year: November 2025
Downloads: 148
E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882
The rise of FinTech in India has transformed the way young consumers interact with financial products and services. Among the key challenges facing digital lending platforms is the ability to effectively engage users, particularly Gen Z, through timely, personalized, and relevant communication. Gen Z, defined as individuals born between 1997 and 2012, represents a tech-savvy, mobile-first generation that exhibits distinct preferences in communication, consumption, and financial behaviour. As non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) and digital lenders rely heavily on digital communication channels such as SMS, WhatsApp, and push notifications to connect with users, it becomes critical to evaluate the efficacy of each channel in influencing user behaviour, particularly during decision-making phases in the borrowing funnel. This study investigates the comparative effectiveness of SMS, WhatsApp, and push notifications as communication tools to engage Gen Z users in the context of digital lending. Through a structured questionnaire circulated among college-going Gen Z students, the research examines user receptiveness to various message formats, preferred communication platforms, frequency of engagement, and trust factors that drive or hinder borrowing decisions. In parallel, the paper analyzes existing literature on communication psychology, FinTech marketing strategies, and digital channel responsiveness to contextualize the findings within broader industry trends. The outcomes of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the Gen Z audience, offering a roadmap for customer-centric communication strategies in the financial services ecosystem. The paper concludes that while SMS remains widely used, WhatsApp, with its interactive and media-rich capabilities, demonstrates higher engagement potential among Gen Z. However, effectiveness also depends on context, trust, personalization, and timing. Push notifications, though limited by app installs, serve as an effective reinforcement channel when used strategically. The findings emphasize the need for a balanced, multi-channel approach that adapts to evolving digital habits.
Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0
Gen Z communication preferences; digital lending engagement; SMS, WhatsApp, push notifications; fintech marketing strategies.

