Volume 12 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

This paper explores the complex and evolving concept of Indigenism, particularly in the context of Mexico, Peru, and Ecuador. The debate on the rights and citizenship of indigenous peoples has been a significant topic in Latin America, shaped by historical, social, and political factors. The study highlights the emergence of Indigenism as both a political and intellectual movement, particularly post-Mexican Revolution, focusing on integrating indigenous peoples into national societies. The paper examines how this movement was influenced by social anthropology and literary expressions, especially through the indigenous narrative, which portrays Indigenous struggles against colonialism and socio-economic marginalization. Key figures like Mexican anthropologist Manuel Gamio and the impact of Marxist and culturalist thought on the movement are discussed. The paper also delves into how Indigenous issues are portrayed in literature, particularly novels that reflect Indigenous communities' social, cultural, and political conditions. Finally, it touches upon the contemporary relevance of Indigenism, including the ongoing struggles for the recognition of indigenous rights and the complexities of defining indigeneity in modern Latin America. The comparative approach of the paper underscores the unique but interconnected challenges faced by indigenous peoples in these three countries.

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Latin America, Indigenism, Mexican Revolution,

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The burden of diabetes is high and increasing globally, and in developing economies like India, mainly fueled by the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. The estimates in 2019 showed that 77 million individuals had diabetes in India, which is expected to rise to over 134 million by 2045. Approximately 57% of these individuals remain undiagnosed. Hence, the present study was undertaken with the following objectives: To know the socio-economic profile and demographic background of the rural adult women respondents; To assess the nutritional status of the rural adult women respondents through Anthropometric assessment and Bio chemical estimation among rural adult women-respondents. A well structured interview schedule was framed to know the socio economic status and obesity was assessed through anthropometric measurement like Height, Weight, BMI; bio chemical estimation: Fasting Blood Glucose was recorded. And the present study concludes that 81.3% of the rural adult women respondents were either obese or overweight. Total 89.7% of the rural adult women were at risk level with abdominal obesity. The present study that more than two-fifth of the women's fasting blood glucose level was at risk.

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Overweight, Obesity, Fasting blood glucose, Diabetes

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Yogi Vemana, an eminent Telugu poet of the middle ages, explores the deep connection between mental discipline and spiritual growth in his poetry. He highlights the transformative power of focusing the mind on divine awareness and self-realisation, which bridge the physical realm and higher spiritual truths. Vemana's wisdom emphasises the importance of unwavering mental focus and inner vision in achieving spiritual enlightenment and inner harmony. He asserts that mastering and aligning the mind with spiritual goals can transcend worldly illusions and attain a heightened state of consciousness. Vemana advocates for the purification of the mind, concentration on divine truths, and the abandonment of distractions. His teachings offer a profound guide for individuals seeking to navigate the path toward spiritual fulfilment, enlightenment, and ultimate transcendence.

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mental discipline, mind, inner vision, self-realisation, spiritual enlightenment

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Role of Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab Politics: A Study in the Perspective of Sardar Prakash Singh Badal

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Role of Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab Politics: A Study in the Perspective of Sardar Prakash Singh Badal

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3D printing, also provide as digital fabrication, are a quickly developing technique uses incremental material addition to turn geometrical representations into tangible items. Mass customisation, open source designs, the automobile, locomotive, healthcare, agricultural, and aviation sectors all make extensive use of it. With this technology, material may be deposited layer by layer straight from a computer aidid design model. An overview of three dimensional printing technology, their uses, and material used in manufacturing is given in this study.

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3D-PRINTING ASPECTS AND SOME PROCESS APPLY IN THEN 3D PRINTING : SHORT OVERVIEW

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This article critically examines the intersection of caste, class, political power, and social justice during Communist rule in West Bengal, with a focus on the state's reservation policies aimed at addressing caste-based inequality. Marginalized communities--particularly Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs)--have long faced systemic exclusion in social, economic, and political spheres. In response, West Bengal implemented a range of affirmative action policies, including reservations in education, government employment, and political representation. While these policies were designed to reduce disparities, they also produced complex outcomes, both progressive and problematic. The article analyses the role of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPI(M)] in shaping the state's political and social landscape, particularly its class-based approach to politics. The CPI(M)'s emphasis on economic redistribution sought to address class inequality, but its impact on caste-based disparities was more ambivalent. While the party promoted policies that aimed to empower marginalized groups, it also faced challenges in reconciling its commitment to class struggle with the persistent realities of caste-based oppression. Through an examination of these policies, the article highlights the tensions and contradictions inherent in the CPI(M)'s approach to social justice. It also addresses the ongoing challenges in implementing affirmative action, including legal and political uncertainties surrounding the categorization of backward communities. Ultimately, the article offers a nuanced critique of how Communist rule in West Bengal shaped the social, political, and economic landscape for marginalized groups, with mixed results for social justice and equity.

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Caste-based inequality, Social Justice, Reservation Policy, Other Backward Classes (OBCs), CPI (M), Supreme Court, Affirmative Action, Marginalized communities.

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The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge of the health risks related to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Pakistan. 470 patients in clinical settings and hospitals in Lahore were given a thorough questionnaire. With 78.1% of the population using CAM, the response rate was 81.7%. With liver illnesses being the most common, Hakeem (a natural therapist) provides the most alternative medication. Instead of being dissatisfied with traditional therapy, respondents were drawn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) because of its advertised bogus advantages. According to the study's findings, a sizable portion of Pakistan's population uses complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments from different practitioners, despite a lack of knowledge about their illnesses and the long-term consequences of receiving the wrong care. Although CAM-related adverse effects are not unusual, delays in Treatment may result in life loss or other severe repercussions. The term "alternative medicine" describes therapeutic approaches that deviate from conventional medical treatments and have no scientific backing, such as chiropractic adjustments, herbal homeopathic remedies, and healthcare naturopathy. Traditional care, which is given by physicians, osteopathic practitioners, and allied health professionals, does not contain these unconventional treatments. Patients can obtain alternative care without requiring traditional therapies by using complementary medicines, which are nonstandard treatments given in addition to typical treatments.

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Modern medicine, complementary and alternative medicine, liver diseases, and conventional therapy

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This study investigates how Bharathidasan University postgraduate students, M.phil and P.hD scholars use electronic resources and how they seek knowledge. Given the growing abundance of digital resources, it is essential to optimize academic support by comprehending how students access, use, and face difficulties with e-resources. Data were gathered from 160 postgraduate students, M.phil and PhD scholars using a convenience sample technique and a survey study methodology. The results show that e-books and e-journals are widely used due to the demand for up-to-date, subject-specific information. Students, however, deal with issues such a lack of digital literacy, information overload, and poor internet connection. In particular, women say they struggle more to use technology resources efficiently. In order to better assist academic performance, the report ends with recommendations for institutions to improve digital infrastructure, strengthen training programs, and solve e-resource reliability issues. These observations advance our knowledge of how digital resources are used in higher education and provide direction for creating more useful and accessible academic materials.

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E-Resources, Information Seeking, E-Services, Usage Pattern

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Democracy goes beyond mere majority rule; it empowers citizens and forms governments responsive to their needs. True democracy requires public opinion and consent, as reflected in electoral accountability, preventing misuse of absolute power. Known for its great leaders and traditions, it embraces diversity with harmony. The Constitution introduced 11 Fundamental Duties, inspired by the USSR, through the 42nd and 86th Amendments, promoting moral responsibilities among all citizens. With nearly 60-65% of India's population between 18 and 40, the country holds immense potential as one of the world's youngest democracies. However, the youth's lack of engagement and sense of civic duty is a concern. A prevalent "I don't care" attitude detaches many young people from participating in democratic processes, thereby weakening their potential impact on the nation's political and social landscape. India, a vibrant blend of cultures and faiths, stands for unity, peace, and democracy. The youth in India can achieve anything and bring back the golden era glory to it, a stepping stone for Atman Nirbhar Bharat.

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Fundamental Duties, Youth, Atman Nirbhar Bharat, Democracy, youth of India

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This model presents the hardware implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, aimed at enhancing both speed and security. AES is widely used to safeguard sensitive information, including passwords and financial data. The goal of this work is to develop a low-power, high-speed hardware solution by leveraging a hybrid of memristor and CMOS technology. The memristor, a device with properties of both memory and resistance, is utilized in specific parts of the AES algorithm to reduce power consumption while improving performance. This hybrid approach is particularly effective for devices requiring robust encryption, such as in banking systems or smart devices. The project demonstrates that incorporating memristors can enable power-efficient AES implementations without compromising the processing speed necessary for real-time applications. Various tests were conducted to evaluate performance, power consumption, and reliability, suggesting that this design has the potential to address key challenges in secure and efficient encryption in the near future.

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 Keywords

Advanced Encryption Standard(AES), Hardware security , Encryption algorithm, Memristor, S-box , Cryptographic hardware.

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