Volume 12 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Subaltern scholarship, which strives to provide voice to the masses has revolutionized the academic discussions, especially the way in which we look at power relations of the society. World over, scholars have increasingly engaged themselves in a subaltern enquiry of various topics and fields transcending various humanity disciplines. Naturally, religion being one of the most foundational aspects of the life of a larger section of human population, a subaltern enquiry in this regard becomes all the more important. Moving along this discussion, we have tried to understand Kabir in this light. Coming from a family of weavers, he gave voice to the common masses, their sense, beliefs and aspirations regarding varied aspects of life, something which we often find missing in the nuanced compositions of other intellectual writings. This can be very well ascertained from the fact that his following cut across religions and classes. A nirguna social reformer and a poet par excellence, he is not one of those who write just for preaching good values; but also, to expose the hypocrisies engrained in our societies, attack our dominant belief systems and challenge the status quo. Kabir's ideas on religion was thus quite peculiar. This paper is an attempt to explore this peculiarness in all its manifestations.

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 Keywords

Kabir, Subaltern, Religion, Dogmas, Untouchability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), a well-known herb in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, has gained significant attention for its potential neuroprotective and therapeutic effects in managing various brain disorders. Research suggests that ashwagandha may offer benefits in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, and other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The bioactive compounds in ashwagandha, including withanolides, are believed to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and adaptogenic properties, which help mitigate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation--key contributors to brain disorders. Studies have also indicated its potential role in modulating neurotransmitter systems, enhancing neuronal regeneration, and improving cognitive functions. Given its multifaceted mechanisms, ashwagandha holds promise as an adjunct therapy in brain disorders, although further rigorous clinical trials are needed to substantiate its efficacy and safety profile. This review critically examines the current literature on the therapeutic potential of ashwagandha in brain health and highlights areas for future research.

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KEYWORDS : Ashwaganda , Phytoconstituents, Common brain disorders, Anxiety, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease , Recent patents.

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Natya is used as a general phrase that encompasses dance, music, and drama. It was an essential artistic vision that flourished in many forms. Through the development of the senses and perceptions, all forms of art were seen as vehicles of beauty that offered communication, enjoyment and teaching. The term Natya can be alternated with the word "dance" or "nartana" [1]. Rasa, or enjoyment of aesthetics, is the primary implication of the word natya, which refers to artistic and realistic representation. Drama was regarded as the most comprehensive form of artistic expression in ancient India, which is why theatre arts were explicitly discussed. In ancient India, theatrical arts were specifically discussed since drama was considered the most complete form of artistic expression. In historical times, Natya was mostly used for entertainment, as a means of expressing either happiness or sorrow, and to celebrate accomplishments. Afterwards, it evolved into a means of sharing principles, morality, and beliefs. At the moment, Natya has explored a wide range of topics, from theoretical to practical.Certain components have been covered in this paper to help readers acquire the portrayal. Our focus in this study will be on the aspects of natya and their interactions with one another.

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 Keywords

Natya, Dance, Drama, Music, Sangraha, Natyasastra, Bharata, Rasa, Bhava, Abhinaya, Dharmi, Vritti, Pravritti, Siddhi, Svara, Atodya, Ganam, Ranga.

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This research delves into sustainable packaging's impact on consumer behavior in the Nilgiri district. Through quantitative and qualitative methods, it identifies key factors driving consumer preferences: "Sustainability Awareness & Responsibility" and "Environmental Concern & Eco-Friendliness." These factors highlight the significance consumers place on certifications, labels, and environmental awareness. Additionally, the study uncovers how eco-friendly packaging influences brand perception and purchasing decisions. Demographic analysis reveals that while gender and income levels have minimal impact, environmental concern significantly influences eco-friendly product choices. Findings emphasize the importance of consumer education, transparent communication, and diverse product offerings to promote sustainable packaging adoption. This research underscores the imperative of aligning packaging strategies with consumer values for a more environmentally conscious future in the Nilgiri district and beyond.

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sustainable, packaging, quantitative, consumer, preferences, Awareness, Responsibility, Demographic, Environmental, Eco-Friendliness,

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The National Poet Subramanya Bharati is regarded as the Father of the modern Tamil Literary Style. Bharati was not only the pioneer of the modern poetry of Tamil literature, but he also emerged as an immortal singer of national consciousness in the wave of renaissance that emerged in Indian life and literature in the 20th century. The basic tone of his entire literature is public awakening and national consciousness. Bharati can be compared with many revolutionary writers like Bharatendu Harishchandra of Hindi Literature, Veereshlingam Pantulu of Telugu Literature, Ravindranath Tagore of Bengali Literature, P.B. Shelly of English Literature.

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Bharati, national consciousness, renaissance, freedom struggle

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This study explores the impact of non-financial factors on entrepreneurial satisfaction among retail entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu. While financial success is often viewed as the primary indicator of business achievement, non-financial factorssuch as innovation, employee trust, optimism, failure acceptance, and recognitionalso play crucial roles in enhancing satisfaction. The research examines how these variables influence the entrepreneurial journey, offering a holistic understanding of satisfaction beyond profit metrics. Findings indicate that fostering an environment of continuous innovation enables entrepreneurs to remain competitive and fulfilled. Building employee trust contributes to a supportive and committed workplace culture, furthering job satisfaction and business resilience. Optimism provides the mental fortitude necessary to face challenges, while failure acceptance empowers entrepreneurs to view setbacks constructively, enhancing their ability to persevere. Lastly, external recognition validates entrepreneurs' efforts, contributing positively to their sense of accomplishment. Collectively, these insights reveal that entrepreneurial satisfaction in Tamil Nadu's retail sector is deeply intertwined with personal fulfilment and relational dynamics, providing implications for policy and support systems aimed at nurturing sustainable, satisfaction-driven entrepreneurship.

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Entrepreneurial satisfaction, Retail entrepreneurs, Salem, Tamil Nadu.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As the world faces growing environmental challenges, the role of libraries in promoting sustainability has become increasingly vital. This article examines how libraries are evolving to support sustainable practices, both within their operations and in the communities they serve. It explores key areas such as eco-friendly building designs, resource management, and the adoption of digital technologies to reduce their environmental impact. Additionally, libraries are highlighted as community hubs for education and action, hosting programs that raise awareness about climate change and encourage sustainable lifestyles. By embracing these roles, libraries are not only preserving knowledge for future generations but also actively contributing to a greener, more sustainable world.

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Sustainability, Libraries, Green building design, Resource management, Digital transformation, Environmental stewardship, Community engagement, Climate education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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threat in decentralized digital currencies. The blockchain incorporates a cryptographic framework using elliptic curve cryptography (secp256k1) for secure transactions, along with a unique double-spending detection mechanism. The system continuously monitors transaction patterns and compares them with the account balances to identify any discrepancies or fraudulent attempts at re-spending the same coins. Upon detecting a potential attack, the system isolates and removes the conflicting transactions to maintain the integrity of the blockchain. The paper also introduces a peer alert system to notify the network of suspicious activity and automatically mitigate risks by adjusting the affected blockchain state. Through various tests, including transaction validation, block mining, and attack detection, the system demonstrates robust functionality in a simulated environment. Future work includes performance comparisons with existing blockchain systems, focusing on accuracy, time efficiency, and scalability. The findings aim to contribute to the development of more secure and efficient blockchain frameworks, enhancing their reliability for practical use in cryptocurrency networks.

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ECC, PoW, PoS, PoA, PoSA, BTC

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Neuropathic pain is a chronic painful condition that is described by hyperalgesia and allodynia resulting from injury or disease of the nervous system. Neuropathic pain is defined as chronic pain arising from damaged or altered nerves, and the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain is the activation of pain pathways. Neuropathic pain management involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions at the present time. Pharmacological treatments range from first-line treatment comprising of gabapentinoids, SNRIs, and TCAs, second-line treatment involving tramadol and third-line treatment involving SSRIs and NMDA antagonists. Neuromodulation techniques, such as invasive (spinal cord stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, deep brain stimulation) and non-invasive (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial focused ultrasound, transcranial direct current stimulation), provide significant non-pharmacological alternatives. Novel interventions or emerging therapies like nanomedicine, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, microneedles, and platelet-rich plasma have a great future for neuropathic pain management. This review is intended to present the current state of knowledge about neuropathic pain, pathophysiology of this disorder, and possible treatment strategies with focus on the necessity to use a complex and personalized management of neuropathic pain.

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Neuropathic pain, Pharmacological treatment, Neuromodulation, emerging therapies, Personalized management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Developing a desktop app where a PC's webcam tracks a person making sign language (fingerspelling) gestures and instantly converts it to text and voice. In the developed ASL interpreter, the sign language signs will be taken in form of text , which will later be voiced out. In this way we are developing a finger spelling action language converter. For recognizing these gestures, Convolutional neural network (CNN) is of assistance. A CNN is known to be very resourceful in addressing computer vision challenges and upon adequate training can reach the required features with precision.

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Sign Language Recognition,Machine Learning,Convolutional Neural Network (CNN),OpenCV,Real-Time Recognition,Keras,TensorFlow

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition