Volume 13 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Aquaculture is an important sector in food producing industry. It contribute nearly half to global fish food consumption. The expansion of aquaculture sector makes culture more intensification. But due to increasing in occurrence of various infectious diseases that leads to loss of partial or entire production. In order to prevent major economic losses, various antibiotics have been uses for prevention and treatment of diseases. Even though, antibiotics were not recommended due to its residual effect and accumulation of various chemical component in fish tissue that threat human health. But traditional medicinal plants are most promising alternative source to control various diseases in aquaculture. Because it contains an active compound such as tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, steroids and flavonoids that possess various biological activities. These active compounds have various characteristics of antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, antibacterial that prevent various fish diseases. Medicinal plants are not only used against diseases but even more including immune stimulation, antistress, growth promotion, and disease resistance. Addition of this medicinal plant extract in fish diet helps in improvement of fish immunity, reduce stress and prevent diseases. Researchers started to use medicinal plants products as adjuvant to increase the efficacy of fish vaccines. Also there mode of administrations plays important role in enhancing innate and adaptive immune system against fish diseases.

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 Keywords

Medicinal plants, fishes, immunity

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Facial esthetics has become a central focus in modern orthodontics, extending treatment objectives beyond occlusal correction to optimizing soft-tissue harmony and patient psychological well-being. Facial attractiveness is influenced by an intricate interplay between skeletal morphology, dentoalveolar positioning, and the overlying soft-tissue envelope, which responds dynamically to orthodontic forces. Orthodontic interventions including extraction and non-extraction therapy, fixed appliances versus clear aligners, orthognathic surgery, growth modification, and temporary anchorage devices produce predictable soft-tissue and skeletal adaptations that modulate lip posture, smile dynamics, and facial convexity. Advances in three-dimensional imaging, Digital Smile Design, and AI-based predictive modeling facilitate personalized treatment planning by integrating facial proportions, dynamic smile analysis, and patient-specific soft-tissue responses. Esthetic outcomes are further influenced by gender, age, and ethnic variations, necessitating culturally and demographically sensitive approaches. By prioritizing soft-tissue-driven, patient-centered planning, modern orthodontics enhances facial harmony while positively impacting self-esteem, social perception, and oral health-related quality of life.

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Facial Esthetics, Orthodontics, Soft-Tissue Adaptation, Digital Smile Design, Patient-Centered Care

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The present study aimed to construct and standardize a Social Intelligence Test specifically designed for graduate-level students in the Jorhat district of Assam. Recognizing the growing importance of social intelligence in academic, personal, and professional success, the study sought to address the absence of culturally relevant and psychometrically sound assessment tools within the Indian context. A 7-point Likert-type scale was developed, incorporating three core dimensions: Social Information Processing, Social Skills, and Social Awareness. After expert validation, try-out administration, and rigorous item analysis, 26 items were finalized for the scale. The standardized tool demonstrated strong reliability (split-half reliability of 0.85) and satisfactory content validity. The study offers a valuable instrument for educators, counselors, and researchers to assess and enhance social intelligence among young adults.

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 Keywords

Social Intelligence, Test Construction, Standardization, Graduate Students, Item Analysis, Reliability, Validity, Jorhat District

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In India, awareness programs related to health are conducted from time to time by various government agencies for adolescents. Under these programs, awareness related to mental health and epidemics like COVID-19 are also important. In context of that, concurrent assessment regarding the awareness of novel corona virus (NCV) and symptomatic psychological behavior (SPB) among adolescents age group are much needed. The present study aims to evaluate the concurrent status of level of awareness of NCV and SPB and compare it with male and female adolescents. The novel corona virus awareness scale and MMPI-A were used to assess the level of awareness about NCV and SPB among adolescents. Total sixty-seven (67) adolescents participated in this study in which only sixty (60) adolescents were included for this study who had valid profile on MMPI-A. The result of the study revealed that there was a medium level of awareness regarding NCV and have been seen remarkable SPB among adolescents. There were significant gender differences among adolescents in respect of level of awareness of NCV and in some contents of MMPI-A. Therefore, the result of the present study concluded that awareness related to mental health and NCV needs to be increased among adolescents in current scenario.

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 Keywords

Adolescents, Novel Corona Virus Awareness, Symptomatic Psychological Behavior.

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Higher education in India is undergoing a profound transformation driven by digital technologies and the growing acceptance of online learning. The last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift from traditional classroom-based models toward flexible, blended, and technology-driven approaches. This transformation has been accelerated by globalization, policy reforms, and particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought online platforms into the mainstream. Digital initiatives such as SWAYAM, NPTEL, Digital India, and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 have played a vital role in integrating digital resources into teaching and learning, expanding access to higher education across diverse regions of the country. While digital transformation has created unprecedented opportunities for accessibility, innovation, and lifelong learning, it has also brought forward challenges. The digital divide, infrastructural limitations, issues of equity, and varying levels of digital literacy remain pressing concerns in the Indian context. Moreover, online education often struggles with maintaining student engagement and ensuring consistent quality. Nevertheless, facilitators play a crucial role in bridging these gaps by designing interactive content, mentoring learners, and maintaining the human touch in virtual environments. The paper concludes that digital transformation is not merely technological but also societal, shaping values of collaboration, inclusivity, and democratization of knowledge. With strong policy support, continuous innovation, and equitable access, India can harness digital education to strengthen higher education and foster broad social change.

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Keywords: Digital transformation, Higher education, Online learning, NEP 2020, Indian society.

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In the Indian legal system, the use of narco analysis as an investigative method has sparked a heated discussion about its constitutionality and admissibility as evidence. Critics highlight how it violates the fundamental rights protected by Articles 20(3) and 21 of the Indian Constitution, while supporters contend that it helps extract the truth and speeds up criminal investigations. This study tracks the development of judicial scrutiny of Narco Analysis in India from investigative zeal to constitutional scepticism. The study examines how the judiciary has struck a balance between the pursuit of truth and the defence of individual liberty and human dignity through a doctrinal analysis of significant court rulings, such as Selvi & Ors. v. State of Karnataka (2010). It also examines international human rights viewpoints in conjunction with statutory provisions found in the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Indian Evidence Act. The results show that although Narco Analysis may have some corroboration value, it is not admissible as substantive evidence due to its involuntary nature. In its conclusion, the paper makes the case for a unified framework that protects constitutional rights and permits the prudent application of scientific methods in the administration of criminal justice

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 Keywords

Narco Analysis, Admissibility, Self-Incrimination, Article 20(3), Judicial Scrutiny, Human Rights, Evidence Law

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Measuring nitrogen and protein content plays a crucial role in agriculture, food science, and environmental studies. For more than a century, the Kjeldahl method has been the go-to technique for such analyses because of its reliability. However, it is slow, chemical-intensive, and not suited for large-scale or field-based applications. With the rise of data-driven technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are offering new, efficient, and safer approaches. These systems can analyze spectral or imaging data to predict nitrogen and protein levels without destructive lab procedures. This paper explores how AI and ML are transforming nitrogen estimation, reviewing their principles, applications, and advantages over conventional methods. Case studies from wastewater management and crop monitoring illustrate how AI can provide faster, cleaner, and more accurate alternatives for nitrogen analysis.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Protein Estimation, Kjehldahl method

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Uttarakhand, nestled in the Indian Himalayas, is renowned for its scenic landscapes and diverse agricultural traditions, among which apple farming is particularly significant. In Uttarkashi district, apple cultivation is both an economic activity and a cultural identity, sustaining rural livelihoods in the high-altitude terrain. This paper investigates the status of apple farming in Uttarkashi by examining area and production trends, cultivation practices, and the socioeconomic challenges faced by farmers. The study highlights how climate change, pest infestations, water scarcity, and weak market linkages have undermined productivity, while inadequate infrastructure and limited access to quality inputs further constrain the sector. At the same time, opportunities exist through high-density plantations, mulching, improved irrigation, value addition, digital extension services, and policy support such as the Uttarakhand Apple Policy (2023). By drawing on secondary data and literature, this study emphasizes the need for integrated strategies that combine sustainable practices, infrastructural investment, and cooperative marketing. Findings suggest that strengthening institutional support, improving farmer capacity, and leveraging innovation can revitalize Uttarkashi's apple sector, ensuring both resilience and long-term profitability. These insights contribute to broader debates on sustainable mountain agriculture and rural development in the Indian Himalayan region.

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 Keywords

Apple Farming, Himalayas, Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand, Cultivation Practices, Challenges, Opportunities, Sustainability, Resilience, Productivity

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Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) programmes are executing all the government supported developmental schemes and welfare schemes in the scheduled areas of tribal population for improvement of living conditions among tribal people. But the benefits of all these welfare programmes are not reaching the tribal population competently. It may be due to the lack of awareness among the tribal population of the study area on the welfare schemes executed by the ITDA. In this context the study aimed to invest the role of ITDA on empowerment of tribal women in education, economic, social and political dimensions. In this process the data was collected from the tribal women through an interview schedule in Rampachodavaram Division, in East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh state by random sampling method. As the results from the study revealed that the tribal women still could not receive the benefits of the welfare schemes and do not reach the goals of government and ITDA due to lack of awareness and knowledge. Hence, it can be recommended that the ITDA should give more publicity on their welfare schemes and should generate awareness on how to get benefitted from these programmes and schemes.

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ITDA, empowerment, education, economic, social, political

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This review provides updated insights into the pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf), a tropical aromatic plant native to India. It is widely used in cooking and recognized for its medicinal and industrial value. The study identifies phytochemicals in curry leaf powder extracted using methanol, ethanol, and aqueous solvents, revealing alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Belonging to the Rutaceae family, it holds great significance in Ayurveda. Rich in carbazole alkaloids,Murraya koenigii exhibits diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

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 Keywords

Murraya Koenigii, History, Pharmacological Activity, Toxonomy etc.

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