Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, demands early detection for improved patient survival rates, yet accurate diagnosis remains challenging due to subtle differences in imaging data between malignant and benign tissues. Traditional diagnostic methods rely on radiologists' manual interpretations of CT scans or X-rays, which can be subjective and error-prone, especially for early-stage tumors. While machine learning models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been applied to assist in diagnosis, they often face limitations due to data scarcity, imbalance, and difficulty in capturing complex spatial relationships within the lungs. This study proposes a hybrid deep learning approach for lung cancer detection, leveraging Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for generating synthetic images to expand and balance the dataset, Capsule Networks (CapsNet) to enhance spatial feature extraction, and Rotational Networks (RotNet) to incorporate rotation invariance for improved accuracy. By combining these components with ensemble learning, the system achieves more robust and accurate predictions. This multifaceted approach not only addresses existing limitations but also provides a reliable and effective tool for early lung cancer detection, supporting radiologists in timely diagnosis and improving potential patient outcomes.

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 Keywords

Lung Cancer Detection, Deep Learning, Hybrid Model, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Capsule Networks (CapsNet), Rotational Networks (RotNet), Rotation Invariance, Spatial Feature Extraction, Ensemble Learning, Early Diagnosis, Data Imbalance, Synthetic Data Generation, Medical Imaging, Radiology Support Tools

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The naturally available material such as Sisal has been using in several applications in fabricating composite materials due to its exceptional durability with a minimum wear and tear and due to its ability to stretch. Using sisal fiber as reinforcement to form sisal fiber reinforced polymer composites, strengthen the study of mechanical properties of the composites. In this project, we have enhanced the mechanical properties of the sisal/glass fiber incorporated with polyurethane. Polyurethane is an extremely versatile elastomer used in countless applications worldwide. It has some excellent properties like high abrasive resistance, wide range of hardness, high load bearing capacity, wide resilience range, flexibility, strong bonding properties which makes it an ideal choice in the field of composite preparation. In this study, the composite material is fabricated by mixing Polyurethane proportionally with the sisal/glass fiber. After the fabrication is done, it is planned to study the mechanical properties of the composite material using different testing tools like Universal Testing Machine, Izod test, and hardness tester.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

sisal fiber, polyurethane, polymer, composite.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Globalization, technological development, and the growing need for English as a lingua franca have all had a substantial impact on the English language's function in classrooms. This essay investigates pedagogical approaches, looks at the several issues related to English language instruction (ELT), and assesses the importance of ELT in modern classrooms. The study emphasizes important elements including communication ability, language variety, teacher-student interaction, and cultural sensitivity by drawing on surveys, research papers, and instructional approaches. It also explores issues including few resources, reluctant students, and English's hegemony over regional tongues. This study promotes an inclusive, engaging, and well-balanced method of teaching English that satisfies local and worldwide demands.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Globalization, Pedagogy, Communication, Cultural Sensitivity, Hegemony

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The main aim of this project is to make an Arduino based efficient autonomous maze solver robot

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Maze Robot, Robotics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Introduction: India has one of the highest incidences of Cardiac arrest in the world. The high incidence of cardiac arrest and accidents in India has long been linked with sudden cardiac arrest. While it may be difficult and unpredictable to prevent sudden cardiac arrest, till advanced treatment can be provided. One of the best things a person especially people related to health care team can do is to learn CPR to buy time for a person who has gone into a sudden cardiac arrest, till advanced medical help can be imparted. Thus, both health care providers and the public need to increase their knowledge and skills on cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. So, the study was conducted on Assessment of the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation among the Nursing staff Objectives: 1. To administer planned teaching programme for the subjects on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.2. To evaluate the post-test knowledge of the subject on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.3. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.4. To find out the association between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores with the selected demographical variables of the subject Method: The research approach adopted for the study was a quasi-experimental approach. One group pre-test one group post -test design without the control group was adopted for the present study. Simple random sampling was uses to select the samples for this study. Tool: The tool used for the data collection was close ended Structured Knowledge Questionnaire developed based on the expert's suggestions. Results: From the findings of the study, it was clear that the knowledge of the respondents regarding Cardiopulmonary resuscitation were inadequate. The Planned Teaching Programme enhanced the knowledge scores of the respondents regarding cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The mean post-test knowledge scores were significantly higher than the pre-test knowledge scores. There is significant association between the pre-test and posttest knowledge of the respondents on cardiopulmonary resuscitation to the selected demographic variables.

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 Keywords

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Staff nurses, planned teaching programme

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 Abstract

Transferosomes are elastic substances that can bend their structure and squeeze themselves through narrow pores smaller than their size, making them an effective drug delivery mechanism for poorly soluble medicines. They are ultra-deformable vesicles with a hydrophilic core in the center and a lipid bilayer around them. To address the challenges with conventional oral drug delivery, alternative formulations of transferosomes have been created employing non-ionic surfactants such Span 80, Span 20, soya lecithin, Carbopol 940, and Tween 80 by rotary film evaporation and Vortexing/sonication processes.This carrier system has piqued the interest of pharmaceutical researchers because it improves patient acceptability and reduces side effects associated with the traditional oral route by avoiding first-pass metabolism, thereby improving the physiological and pharmacological response through consistent drug levels. This review covers the structure, benefits and drawbacks of formulation materials, formulation procedures, evaluation techniques, and applications, as well as patents published in the literature.

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 Keywords

Transferosomes, Lipophilic, Medication, Skin, Epidermis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant global health concern, necessitating effective and safe repellent solutions. This study explores the formulation of a gel-based mosquito repellent using extracts from Tridax procumbens (coat buttons), Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), and Azadirachta indica (neem). These plant species are known for their potent insect-repellent properties, attributed to compounds such as pyrethrins, citronella, and azadirachtin, respectively. The gel formulation was developed through a systematic extraction process followed by optimization of ingredient concentrations to enhance efficacy and stability. Physical and chemical characterization included viscosity measurements, pH determination, and stability testing under varying environmental conditions. In vitro testing against mosquito species known to transmit diseases such as malaria and dengue demonstrated significant repellent activity compared to control formulations. Furthermore, skin compatibility studies using human volunteers indicated minimal irritant potential, supporting its suitability for topical application. Overall, this mosquito repellent gel represents a promising alternative to synthetic repellents, harnessing the natural repellent properties of Tridax procumbens, Cymbopogon citratus, and Azadirachta indica while ensuring safety and efficacy for public health applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mosquito Repellent, Polyherbal Gel, Tridax Procumbens, Cymbopogon Citratus, Neem

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The fourth industrial revolution and its Industry 4.0 or connected industry technologies dominate the current production research discussion. Digital developments like cyber-physical Systems are the key technologies for future, more agile production systems, but a common understanding of the term Industry 4.0 is not established now. First generic implementation approaches present manifold technical solutions but need to be integrated with existing Lean Production Systems. The actual impact of Industry 4.0 solutions is mostly not specified, and a method to evaluate is missing. This paper introduces Industry 4.0 in an environment of connectivity in the Internet of Things and Services with the vision of a smart factory. Lean Production Systems and Lean Principles characterize the initial situation of industrial companies. Industry 4.0 offers an estimated benefit for companies by stabilizing Lean processes with Industry 4.0 applications. To support the development process the presented Concept of an Industry 4.0 impact matrix on lean production systems gives a useable framework. The matrix considers elements of lean production systems with Industry 4.0 technologies and estimates impact first. In the described development process of a cyber-physical Just-in-Time delivery, the matrix is used to find a stabilizing application for a Just-in-Time material supply process.

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1. Introduction 2. Related works and terminology3. Systematic literature review 4. Field study on Lean Production Systems 4.0 5. Discussion 6. Conclusions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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We have used Artificial Intelligence process for solving the fuzzy games containing Octagonal, Pentagonal and Hexagonal fuzzy numbers. This process is decision making process in the logic forms. We have made optimum solution of fuzzy game theory problems having, octagonal, pentagonal and hexagonal fuzzy numbers. In this case new ranking was used to order any fuzzy numbers. This is logical decision makers game theory for the study of mathematical models. In this solution a game situation involving a set of players who have a set of possible choices and in which outcome for any individual player depends partially on the choices made by the other players.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy game, octagonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, fuzzy number, optimum solution.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The principles of quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) are crucial for maintaining the integrity of drug manufacture and delivery in the pharmaceutical sector and go beyond simple regulatory requirements. QA includes the design, development, production, and service processes as well as any other systematic methods required to give assurance that a product meets quality standards. It is a proactive procedure intended to stop mistakes and flaws in manufactured goods. Contrarily, QC is the area of quality management that is concerned with meeting quality standards. The methods and procedures utilized to meet quality standards are included in this operational methodology. QC is primarily the inspection component of quality management, whereas QA is mainly concerned with the way a process is carried out or a product is manufactured. When combined, QA and QC not only help ensure that rules and regulations are followed, but they also provide the basis for creating medications that are safe, efficient, and dependable for both patients and medical professionals. This review paper explores the complexities of quality assurance and quality control in the pharmaceutical industry, emphasizing their vital functions and the influence they have on the healthcare system as a whole.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Quality Control, Quality Assurance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition