Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between agricultural trade and agricultural GDP in India during 1990-91 to 2022-23. This study uses the ADF unit root test, Johansen cointegration and granger causality test to investigate the long run causality between export, import and Gross domestic product in the model. All data related to agricultural sector only. The first difference of the variables is found to be stationary and hence LNAGDP, LNAEXP and LNAIMP are integrated of order one I (1). Based on the trace statistic and Eigen value, there existed long run relationship between agricultural trade and agricultural GDP. The nature and direction of relationship between agricultural export, import and agricultural GDP was examined by applying Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality tests. The obtained results showed that there is unidirectional causal relationship from AgriGDP to agricultural export, agricultural GDP to agricultural import and export to import at 5% significance level, while no causality relationship exist from import, export to GDP and import to export. It means AGDP lead to export but Agri export does not lead to AGDP

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 Keywords

causality, agricultural export, cointegration, AGDP

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bottom ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in thermal power plants, it is characterized by its granular texture. The composition of bottom ash includes silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3). Bottom ash is used only as a filler material in construction Industry. In this study we used bottom ash waste as a proxy material to reduce the increasing cost in the construction industry. Coal bottom ash waste generated each year in high volume. This paper reviews the physical and chemical characteristics and utilization of coal bottom ash as a proxy material in the construction industry. The goal of this review is to emphasize the possibility of recycling of bottom ash in civil construction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- Bottom Ash Concrete, Coal Bottom Ash, Concrete Mix Design, Thermal Power Plant (TPP), Sustainable Concrete, Compressive Strength, Cement, Sand and Aggregate.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India is taking path breaking measures toward securing its energy future by embracing sustainable practices like ethanol blending. Being one of world's major energy consumer, the country has traditionally depended on oil imports to meet its growing energy needs. This dependence poses challenges to energy security and leads to a substantial outflow of foreign currency. However, with ethanol blending, India has a defining opportunity to reduce its dependence on imported oil while addressing environmental concerns. Ethanol, a byproduct of sugarcane processing when blended with petrol, cuts down on fossil fuel consumption and reduces harmful carbon emissions which adversely affects climate change and causes public health issues. The practice of blending ethanol with petrol began in 2001 on a pilot mode. Yet, for many years, progress was slow, and ethanol production remained stagnant. In recent years the Govt. Of India initiated a series of comprehensive reforms , as a result of which India has been able to unlock the full potential of this initiative. These reforms are now driving substantial outcomes, not just by enhancing energy security, but also by revitalizing rural economies. Ethanol production offers a new source of income for farmers, supporting the agricultural sector and fostering economic growth in rural areas. The Government's has taken ambitious target of increasing the ethanol blending to 20% from earlier set target of year 2030 to year 2025, demonstrating a strong commitment. During the 7th G-STIC Delhi Conference, Shri Hardeep Singh Puri, Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas, emphasized India's growing success in ethanol blending and its broader commitment to sustainable energy solutions. This forward-looking approach indicates that India is not only focused on meeting its immediate energy needs but is also preparing for long-term sustainable energy solutions to address future demands.

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 Keywords

Ethanol Blending , Fossil Fuel, Feedstock , Biofuel , Interest Subvention

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The "Coolie" website is an innovative platform designed to connect individuals and businesses with skilled laborers for hire. Inspired by the UrbanClap model, the platform addresses the need for a streamlined, user-friendly solution for booking labor services across various domains. The website offers an intuitive interface where users can browse, select, and book skilled laborers based on their requirements, such as electricians, plumbers, carpenters, and more. Features include real-time availability, secure payment integration, user reviews and ratings, and an efficient booking management system. "Coolie" aims to bridge the gap between service providers and customers by ensuring transparency, reliability, and convenience. By leveraging modern web technologies, the platform aspires to enhance user experience while creating employment opportunities for skilled workers. This project demonstrates practical implementation of web development skills, database management, and user experience design, catering to real-world needs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

skilled laborers for hire, UrbanClap-inspired platform, labor services booking, user-friendly interface, real-time availability, secure payment integration, user reviews and ratings, booking management system,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A green bond is a debt security that raises money from investors to fund projects that are environmentally or socially beneficial. A green bond is an investment avenue for investors to provide investments and funding for environmental friendly projects. Green bonds are used to finance or refinance projects that contribute to the welfare of environment or climate, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable waste management, and clean transportation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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GREEN BOND INVESTMENT

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Visual Cryptography (VC) is a form of encryption that enables secure sharing of visual information. Initially introduced by Naor and Shamir (1994), VC divides an image into multiple shares that individually reveal no information, but when combined, the original image can be reconstructed. This novel cryptographic technique does not require complex algorithms or decryption keys, instead utilizing the human visual system for decoding. Over time, VC has evolved through various enhancements and integrations with other cryptographic techniques, such as chaotic encryption, to address limitations like poor quality of image reconstruction and inefficiencies in share generation. Further research has also expanded VC's applicability to color images, securing not just binary images but a broader range of visual data. Additionally, advancements in VC have focused on its implementation in secure image transmission, medical imaging, and digital media security. Despite its advantages, challenges such as the preservation of image quality and handling large image sizes continue to persist. This paper explores these advancements and provides an overview of VC's applications, challenges, and future prospects.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Visual Cryptography, Secure image transmission, Image encryption, Chaotic encryption, Color image cryptography, Threshold schemes, Pixel expansion, Share generation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the baseline needs of differently-abled students at Tarlac State University (TSU) to foster an inclusive, equitable, and supportive educational environment in alignment with Republic Act No. 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons). Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including surveys, interviews, documentary analysis, and observation, to evaluate the experiences, challenges, and requirements of differently-abled students. The research focuses on key areas: education, health services, auxiliary social services, and accessibility, aiming to identify barriers and propose targeted interventions for enhanced inclusivity. Findings reveal that TSU has made significant strides in promoting inclusivity through financial aid programs, extracurricular activities, and initiatives spearheaded by the International, Differently Abled, Indigenous, Marginalized Student Services Unit (IDIMSS). Students report high levels of satisfaction with opportunities for academic engagement and social inclusion, bolstered by proactive support systems. However, gaps remain in areas such as curriculum adaptation, faculty and staff training on inclusive teaching practices, and the availability of specialized learning resources. These shortcomings highlight the need for continued investment in adaptive technologies, customized educational materials, and comprehensive professional development for educators to better address the diverse needs of differently-abled students. The study emphasizes the importance of institutional collaboration, policy refinement, and a commitment to inclusivity at all levels to empower differently-abled students. Recommendations include strengthening faculty training programs, implementing universal design principles in curriculum development, and expanding access to health and auxiliary services. By addressing these challenges, TSU can enhance its capacity to provide an equitable academic experience that values diversity and meets the unique needs of its students. This research contributes to the broader discourse on inclusive education and its implications for public administration by providing actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and institutional leaders. Ultimately, the findings aim to establish a foundation for policies and practices that ensure all students, regardless of ability, can thrive academically, socially, and personally within an inclusive higher education framework.

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 Keywords

Differently-Abled, TSU, Tarlac, State University, Inclusivity, RA 7277, Magna Carta for Disabled Person

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cervical cancer is a significant global health burden, predominantly caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in low and middle-income countries where access to preventive measures and healthcare resources are limited. This article provides a concise overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies related to cervical cancer and HPV. A holistic approach encompassing prevention, early detection, utilization of diverse screening techniques, and treatment measures can effectively prevent and treat cervical cancer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Cervical cancer, Human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV negative cervical cancer, vaccine

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

FTIR is the technique used to obtain spectrum of absorption emission. The IR is used as the measurement of degree of unsaturation of fats and oils. AAS is a technique used to determine trace elements in the edible oils. This technique is used to detect low concentration of elements in oil samples. Analysis of fats and oils in determination of isolated trans isomers, official method by AOCS (American oil Chemists society), Association of Official Analytical Chemist AOAC). The determination is based up on peak height of absorption band of isolated trans bonds range 966 cm-1 which is due to C=C- H bending vibration. Edible oils like Sesame oil, Sunflower oil, Rice bran oil, Groundnut oil. The unsaturation of oils are done to know the Unsaturation of oils. Different types of edible oils are Olive oil, Safflower oil, Sunflower oil, Rice bran oil, Groundnut oil, Coconut oil, Sesame oil. These oils consist of fatty acids like saturated fats, monosaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, triglycerides, Cholesterol. Dietary fats are closely related to Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD), cholesterol, saturated fats and trans fats are harmful whereas MUFA, PUFA (Omega-3 PUFA) are beneficial to heart, inflammation, etc. This article reviews the benefits/harms of common edible oils on different disease. The variety of olefinic bonds in alkyl chains, including their position and shape, causes the fatty acids to differ from one another.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IR Spectroscopy, AAS, Oils.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical issue in health care in terms of mortality, quality of services, and financial damage. In the battle against AMR, it is crucial to recognize the impacts of all four domains, namely, mankind, livestock, agriculture, and the ecosystem. Many sociocultural and financial practices that are widespread in the world have made resistance management extremely complicated. Several pathways, including hospital effluent, agricultural waste, and wastewater treatment facilities, have been identified as potential routes for the spread of resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in soil and surrounding ecosystems. The overuse of uncontrolled antibiotics and improper treatment and recycled wastewater are among the contributors to AMR. Health-care organizations have begun to address AMR, although they are currently in the early stages. In this review, we provide a brief overview of AMR development processes, the worldwide burden and drivers of AMR, current knowledge gaps, monitoring methodologies, and global mitigation measures in the development and spread of AMR in the environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Antimicrobial resistance, combating antimicrobial resistance, food animals, National action plan on antimicrobial resistance, one health concept.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition