Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Ethiopia to assess the level of nutrition knowledge among mothers and to identify factors associated with adequate knowledge. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic variables, nutrition knowledge, and access to health information. The findings revealed that a considerable proportion of mothers had inadequate nutrition knowledge. Higher educational status, better socioeconomic conditions, exposure to nutrition-related health information, and utilization of antenatal and postnatal care services were significantly associated with improved knowledge levels. Mothers who received nutrition counselling from healthcare providers demonstrated better understanding of nutritional requirements compared to those who did not. The study concluded that maternal nutrition knowledge in rural communities remains suboptimal and emphasized the need for structured nutrition education and counselling integrated into maternal and child health services to enhance maternal and child health outcomes.

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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED ESSENTIAL VITAMINS AND THEIR HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG POSTNATAL MOTHERS IN A RURAL AREA OF MEHSANA, GUJARAT."

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The growing ethical, social, and cultural challenges in contemporary societies have renewed global interest in value education within higher education. In India, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the integration of ethical, constitutional, humanistic, and cultural values as a central objective of higher education reform. This study critically examines the position and practice of value education in higher education institutions in Assam, a region characterized by cultural plurality and socio-historical complexity. Using a qualitative, policy-analytic approach, the paper analyzes NEP 2020 provisions alongside institutional practices and regional realities in Assam. The study identifies gaps between policy intent and implementation, particularly in curriculum design, pedagogical practices, faculty preparedness, and assessment mechanisms. It argues that while NEP 2020 provides a comprehensive and progressive framework, effective realization of value education in Assam requires contextual adaptation, institutional commitment, and pedagogical transformation. The paper contributes to the discourse on value-based higher education by offering region-specific insights and policy-oriented recommendations relevant to developing and multicultural contexts.

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Value education, Higher education, NEP 2020, Assam, Holistic learning, Policy analysis.

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In modern education, the emphasis on skill acquisition and academic achievement often overshadows ethical and moral development. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 recognizes this challenge and promotes value-based, holistic education aimed at nurturing responsible, ethical, and socially aware citizens. In this framework, the teachings of Srimanta Shankardev, a 15th-16th century saint, philosopher, and social reformer from Assam, hold special significance. Shankardev's philosophy, particularly through the Eka Sharana Nama Dharma, emphasized moral conduct, social equality, compassion, and community cohesion. By employing literature, music, drama, and community institutions, he effectively promoted value-based education in a culturally rooted and inclusive manner. This paper explores Shankardev's educational philosophy and its relevance to NEP 2020. Using a descriptive and analytical approach with secondary sources, the study demonstrates that Shankardev's principles provide practical insights for implementing holistic and value-oriented education in contemporary India.

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Shankardev, Value-Based Education, NEP 2020, Indian Knowledge System, Holistic Education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Anaemia, pregnancy, maternal outcomes, perinatal outcomes, iron deficiency, multiparity, postpartum hemorrhage, NICU admissions.

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The Burden: The maintenance of dermatological health and facial hygiene has become a paramount concern globally, driven by increasing pollution, urbanization, and the prevalence of acne vulgaris and other inflammatory skin conditions. Acne vulgaris alone affects over 85% of the adolescent population globally, necessitating effective daily intervention strategies. The Gap: Conventional synthetic cleansers, while effective at debris removal, frequently utilize harsh surfactants like sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and parabens. These agents are associated with disruption of the stratum corneum barrier, protein denaturation, skin irritation, and long- term cytotoxicity. The Solution: Herbal face washes, formulated from bioactive plant extracts, offer a promising therapeutic alternative. By leveraging the synergistic effects of natural saponins, essential oils, and tannins, these formulations provide effective cleansing without compromising the skin's natural lipid barrier. The Mechanism: Key pharmacological actions include bacterial cell wall disruption (antimicrobial), modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines like NF-kB (antiinflammatory), and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (antioxidant). The Result: Clinical and formulation studies indicate that standardized herbal face washes demonstrate comparable cleansing efficacy to synthetic counterparts while significantly improving skin hydration, pH balance, and patient compliance due to reduced adverse effects. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the formulation, evaluation, and regulatory aspects of herbal dermal therapeutics.

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Herbal ; Photoprotection; Ultraviolet radiation; Antioxidants; Plant-based cosmetics; Skin protection

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In the wake of innovation and new ideas cinema is no more an exception. People are coming up with new things and thought. In such a scenario the cinema of resistance is progressing well evidently. Cinema of resistance is the voice of people filled with resistance which sometime doesn't find a proper space to settle and reach common mass. With the coming of such cinema the muffled voices are unleashed and spread through the world. It's a kind of new cinema which is trying to strive hard and explore the suppressed issues. Through the cinema of resistance people are comfortably enabling themselves to spread their voice and most importantly they get a satisfactory gesture from the screens. They feel good sharing their issues and thereby projected and presented in public places. This is all due to cinema of resistance that we come across the hidden issues of any society. This follows a favourable social change and boosts the confidence of common mass to come forward and speak theirmind. The cinema of resistance has brought lot of social change through consistent screenings and production. This type of cinema reaches the heart of common man. People now have an alternative and a platform to communicate their resistance. They can voice everything and expect a change in the society. The Indian society as well has availed a lot through cinema of resistance sharing many current and old social issues.

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Cinema, resistance, India, society, change

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Competency-Based Learning (CBL) is revolutionizing the education landscape by shifting the focus from rigid, time-bound instruction to the demonstration of mastery over specific skills and competencies. Unlike traditional models where learners progress based on age or time spent in class, CBL allows students to advance only after achieving proficiency. Technology acts as a crucial enabler in this transformation by offering adaptive learning systems, personalized pathways, real-time assessments, and continuous feedback mechanisms that support learner autonomy. This paper examines the integration of technology with CBL, discussing its defining features, benefits, and limitations, while presenting global case studies and future trends. Ultimately, it highlights how technology-driven CBL fosters equity, engagement, and stronger alignment between education and workforce needs.

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Competency-Based Learning (CBL), Mastery-based learning, Skills and competencies, Learner autonomy, Proficiency-based progression, Technology-enabled education Adaptive learning systems, personalized learning pathways, Real-time assessments

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Drug Regulatory Affairs (DRA) is essential to guaranteeing their effectiveness, safety, and quality. Drug regulation must change to accommodate new technologies like biotechnology, nanomedicine, gene therapy, and biosimilars as the pharmaceutical industry changes due to quick scientific breakthroughs. The USFDA, EMA, CDSCO, MHRA, PMDA, and TGA are just a few of the key regulators that are highlighted in this thorough review of the world's drug regulatory systems. Additionally, it looks at how the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) has contributed to regulatory convergence by establishing uniform standards for efficacy, safety, and quality. The paper also goes into detail on different drug approval regulatory paths, including IND, NDA, ANDA, BLA, biosimilar approvals, fast-track authorizations, and emergency use authorizations. Special focus is paid to generic medications, biosimilars, and interchangeability principles, which greatly affect healthcare affordability and accessibility. The issues encountered by regulatory authorities--such as rising complexity of clinical trials, worldwide harmonization gaps, ethical concerns, and delays in approvals--are critically reviewed. The report delves deeper into the future of drug regulation, forecasting a move towards Blockchain-enabled supply chain monitoring, digital regulatory systems, AI-assisted assessments, and adaptive clinical trial designs. In general, the study highlights how crucial robust regulatory regimes are for advancing public health, fostering innovation, and guaranteeing that everyone has access to safe and effective medications.

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Drug Regulatory Affairs, USFDA, EMA, CDSCO, ICH Guidelines, Biosimilars, Generics, Pharmacovigilance, Clinical Trials, Regulatory Pathways, CTD, NDA, ANDA, Drug Approval.

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The ongoing evolution of real-time rendering solutions has raised the bar on realism, interactivity, and scalability in modern digital applications such as gaming, architectural rendering, and virtual production. Classic rendering solutions are very reliant on hand-authored levels-of-detail and lightmaps, requiring a considerable amount of time and making real-time adaptation and changes unfeasible. Unreal Engine 5 (UE5) in April 5 2022 released two new technologies - Nanite virtualized geometry and Lumen global illumination, that target the above challenges with fully automated and GPU-enabled solutions and real-time calculation. In this work, a technical exploration of the two solutions is presented, examining their architecture, mechanics, and integration into modern rendering solutions. Nanite dynamically manages geometric detail by means of hierarchical clustering, culling on the GPU, and surface caching, eliminating the authoring needs of traditional levels-of-detail processes. Lumen enables real-time global illumination by a hybrid tracing method including screen-space approaches, distance-field propagation, and surface caching either with hardware or much cheaper solution, software ray tracing support. A comparison with more traditional solutions reveals improvements regarding production efficiency, iteration time, and image quality, besides dependencies on hardware and workflow limitations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanite, Lumen, Real-Time Rendering, Virtualized Geometry, Global Illumination, Unreal Engine 5.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition