Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Aim: Locally based indigenous crafts/skills/products are vital for revitalizing the local economy. The preservation and promotion of local crafts and products have the potential to enhance the economic well-being of the artisans. The paper evaluates the Indian Railways' One Station, One Product (OSOP) Scheme in the Agra Division of the North Central Railway Zone. Methodology: This study was conducted in the Agra Division of the NCR Zone, which has the other divisions named Jhansi and Prayagraj. Out of 47 stations in the Agra division nominated for the scheme, only 17 stations are running it. A total of 63 respondents from 17 stations were included in the study. This paper is based on primary data collected from direct personal interviews of the artisans/vendors and secondary data collected from the railway officials (Sr-DCM Agra Division-NCR, Station Master and Station Superintendent), websites (https://ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/, http://odop.up.in ), news reports (DD News, PIB News etc.) and several research papers have also been reviewed. Findings: This paper discusses the problems faced by the OSOP vendors. Most vendors raise their voice regarding the selection criteria, complaints about the high operational cost, and the absence of full-time jobs. Based on suggestions- location of the stall, creation of public awareness, uniform packaging, etc, the researchers prepared an action plan. Limitation of the Study: The study is based on only one of the divisions of the NCR. Conclusion: OSOP has great potential as a new source to enhance the livelihood of artisans and support the call of 'Vocal to Local'.

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 Keywords

One Station One Product (OSOP), One District One Product (ODOP), Artisans, Economic Independence, Challenges, Outlets, Railways.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In an increasingly cluttered advertising environment, emotional and creative elements are widely used to capture attention and shape consumer perception. This study examines how emotional cues such as nostalgia, empathy, warmth, and relatability, along with creative elements including humour, music, and visual storytelling, influence consumer recall, brand recognition, and purchase consideration. Adopting a qualitative exploratory approach, the study involved showing five advertisements to participants, followed by semi-structured interviews supported by structured survey responses. The findings reveal that emotional and creative elements significantly enhance advertisement recall and viewer engagement, with music and humour emerging as particularly strong memory triggers. However, the results also indicate that high recall and positive emotional response do not consistently translate into purchase intent, as consumers continue to prioritise perceived product value, trust, and prior brand experience. The study highlights the importance of strategically integrating emotional depth and creative execution with clear brand cues to create advertisements that are both memorable and effective.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Emotional Advertising, Creative Advertising, Consumer Recall, Brand Recognition, Purchase Intent, Advertising Effectiveness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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organic waste-to-energy, anaerobic digestion, Southern Libya, decentralized energy, desert agriculture, biogas, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), circular economy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Calcium carbonate (CaCO?) is one of the most abundant inorganic materials on Earth and plays a pivotal role in geological, biological, and industrial systems. In recent years, nano- and microstructured forms of CaCO? have attracted considerable scientific interest due to their polymorphic versatility, tunable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive and critical synthesis of current knowledge on CaCO?, focusing on its crystal polymorphism, nano- and microstructural properties, synthesis strategies, and characterization techniques. The influence of reaction parameters, additives, and environmental conditions on phase stability and morphology is systematically discussed. Furthermore, the review highlights the environmental significance of CaCO? in the global carbon cycle, along with its expanding applications in construction, biomedicine, drug delivery, environmental remediation, and advanced functional materials. Key challenges related to scalability, reproducibility, and polymorph control are addressed, and future research directions are proposed. This review aims to serve as a consolidated reference for researchers working in materials science, nanotechnology, environmental engineering, and biomedical fields.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Calcium carbonate, polymorphism, nanomaterials, microstructures, synthesis, biomineralization, sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Our changing goals for learning, coupled with shifts in curriculum emphasis and a deeper understanding of teacher learning and student thinking, have led to new findings about the impact of teacher professional development and how best to sharpen teachers' skills and knowledge. What matters most is what teachers learn. Professional development should improve teachers' knowledge of the subject matter that they are teaching, and it should enhance their understanding of student thinking in that subject matter. Aligning substantive training with the curriculum and teachers' actual work experiences also is vital. The time teachers spend in professional development makes a difference as well, but only when the activities focus on high-quality subjectmatter content. Extended opportunities to better understand student learning, curriculum materials and instruction, and subject-matter content can boost the performance of both teachers and students. There are five components of Professional development viz Knowledge, Competencies in Teaching, Commitment and Accountability of teacher educators, Leadership & Personal Effectiveness, Self-upgrading & Extended Reading. Present study focuses the influence of some background variable on Professional development and its variables.

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Professional development, Teacher Educators, Teacher Education Institutions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mitahar: HathaYoga aur Ayurvedic drishti se ek saminvit adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Yoga, Mitahar, Ayurveda, Hathayog, sattvik ahaar, patya- apathya ahaar, ashtang hridayam

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Nanoemulsions represent emerging colloidal pharmaceutical delivery systems with exceptional potential for enhancing oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble pharmaceutical substances. These advanced formulations comprise nanometer-sized oil droplets (typically 20-200 nanometers) dispersed in aqueous continuous phases and stabilized by surfactant molecules, establishing novel delivery mechanisms that substantially improve therapeutic efficacy. Approximately one-third of newly discovered pharmaceutical candidates exhibit insufficient water solubility, restricting oral bioavailability and necessitating innovative formulation approaches. Nanoemulsions demonstrate multifactorial mechanisms for bioavailability improvement including enhanced drug solubility through lipid-based encapsulation, increased gastrointestinal membrane permeability via reduced droplet dimensions, protection against enzymatic degradation within the gastrointestinal tract, and facilitation of lymphatic transport circumventing hepatic first-pass metabolism. Formulation methodologies encompass both high-energy techniques including high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonication alongside low-energy approaches including self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems demonstrating comparable efficacy with substantially reduced energy requirements. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization through dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and transmission electron microscopy provides essential formulation quality assurance. Clinical evidence demonstrates remarkable bioavailability enhancements across diverse pharmaceutical substances, with fenofibrate and paclitaxel nanoemulsions illustrating exceptional therapeutic potential. Safety profiles demonstrate exceptional tolerability supporting long-term clinical applications. Versatility encompassing oral, transdermal, intravenous, and pulmonary administration routes establishes nanoemulsions as adaptable platforms accommodating diverse therapeutic requirements. This comprehensive review systematizes contemporary knowledge regarding nanoemulsion formulation, characterization, bioavailability enhancement mechanisms, and pharmaceutical applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nanoemulsions, Drug Delivery Systems, Bioavailability Enhancement, Lipid-Based Formulations, Self-Nanoemulsifying Systems, Poorly Soluble Drugs, Oral Drug Delivery, Formulation Optimization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Blue Humanities, Synge, Riders to the Sea, oceanic agency, maritime ecocriticism, Irish drama

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Radiation shielding parameters,Vanadium ions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In order to create safe and effective therapeutic agents, the quickly developing field of drug design combines chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and computer sciences. The majority of traditional drug discovery methods were empirical and relied on the trial-and-error screening of chemical compounds, which was costly, time-consuming, and linked to high clinical trial failure rates. This approach has been revolutionised by the development of rational drug design, which makes it possible to systematically identify and optimise therapeutic candidates based on molecular-level knowledge of biological targets. The two most important methods for finding molecules with improved selectivity and reduced toxicity are structure-based drug design (SBDD) and ligand-based drug design (LBDD). The creation of targeted and customised treatments has been made possible by the continued improvement in precision brought about by the combination of genomes, proteomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology. De novo molecular design, quantum chemistry, and machine learning algorithms are examples of recent developments that have greatly shortened development times and increased success rates. The evolution of drug discovery, basic concepts of rational drug design, and the function of chemistry, contemporary computational tools, lead identification techniques, recent developments, applications, difficulties, and hopes for the future are all highlighted in this overview. All things considered, innovative drug design techniques signify a paradigm change towards patient-centered, effective, and data-driven pharmaceutical development

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 Keywords

Drug design, rational drug discovery, Computer-aided drug design, Structure-based drug design, Ligand-based drug design, Molecular docking, QSAR, Artificial intelligence, Medicinal chemistry, Lead optimization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition