Volume 12 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This paper explores the continuum journey of Bodo women in political participation, charting their progression from historical marginalization to active and influential roles in socio-political movements. Grounded in the broader framework of political engagement and India's democratic ideals, the study underscores the contributions of Bodo women to India's freedom struggle and the preservation of their cultural heritage. Their efforts are contextualized within the evolving aspirations of the Bodo community for autonomy and self-determination. It throws a light into the significant leadership roles of Bodo women, particularly through different organizations and analysis of its implications for women's empowerment. It further investigates grassroots initiatives aimed at addressing systemic social, economic, and cultural disparities while fostering educational and leadership opportunities for women. By situating Bodo women as catalysts for transformative change, this paper illuminates their indispensable role in advancing the socio-political aspirations of their community and shaping the broader political landscape of the region.

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Bodo Women, Political Participation, Marginalization, Cultural Heritage, Community

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Introduction-Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that significantly impairs physical function and quality of life. Traditional treatment approaches include pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, and surgical options. However, there is growing interest in non-pharmacological interventions that can provide symptom relief and improve function with minimal side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined treatment protocol involving Mobilization with Movement (MWM), strengthening exercises, and taping in patients with knee OA compared to conventional physiotherapy. Objectives- The primary objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of MWM combined with strengthening exercises and taping in improving pain, stiffness, and physical function in patients with knee OA. Secondary objectives included assessing the impact of these interventions on functional exercise capacity and exploring correlations between demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes. Methods- This pre-test post-test experimental study involved 40 subjects diagnosed with knee OA, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (Group 1) or the control group (Group 2). Group 1 received the combined treatment protocol of MWM, strengthening exercises, and taping, while Group 2 received conventional physiotherapy. Outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the 6-minute walk test. Baseline and post-intervention measurements were compared within and between groups to assess the effectiveness of the interventions. Results- The study found that the mean WOMAC score in Group 1 significantly decreased from 59.80 to 49.65 post-intervention (p < 0.001), indicating substantial improvements in pain, stiffness, and physical function. In contrast, Group 2 showed a minimal reduction in WOMAC scores from 61.95 to 60.55 (p = 0.098), which was not statistically significant. Similarly, the mean distance covered in the 6-minute walk test for Group 1 increased significantly from 416.75 meters to 456.05 meters (p < 0.001), while Group 2 showed a modest increase from 415.60 meters to 426.65 meters (p = 0.006). Conclusion- The combined treatment protocol of MWM, strengthening exercises, and taping significantly improved symptoms and functional outcomes in patients with knee OA compared to conventional physiotherapy. These findings suggest that incorporating these interventions into treatment protocols can provide substantial benefits to patients with knee OA. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is recommended to confirm these findings and explore the long-term effects of the intervention.

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Keywords- Knee osteoarthritis, Mobilization with Movement, Strengthening exercises, tapping, Physiotherapy, WOMAC Index, 6-minute walk test, Non-pharmacological interventions.

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Abstract: Historically, most students have been struggling with mathematics subject which makes them wonder if they will ever apply the knowledge in real world life. Teachers and parent admit when they have been asked that students have less knowledge about the relevance of mathematics in real life. This paper is based on application of mathematics in real life. In this paper the most common and essential applications of mathematics in real life are discussed such as finance and banking, weather prediction, computers and its games. Apart from these some advanced applications are also discussed such as satellite navigation, military and Defense and crime prediction.

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Keywords: Mathematics, Real life, Finance and Banking, Satellite Navigation, Military and Defense

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The purpose of the study was to compare sports aggression in urban and rural tribal athletes of Jharkhand. A sample of 50 urban tribal male athletes, 50 urban tribal female athletes, 50 rural tribal male athletes and 50 rural tribal female athletes respectively were selected. The urban tribal athletes were selected from Khelgaon, Ranchi Jharkhand. The rural tribal athletes were selected based on their place of residence in remote areas of Jharkhand. The average age of the tribal athletes was 16.72 years and the sample selection was conducted through random sampling. Sports aggression was measured through SAI constructed by Anand Kumar and Prem Shankar Shukla (1998). The results reveal that urban tribal male athletes were more aggressive than rural tribal male athletes as per a statistical significance level of .01. It was also found that sports aggression in urban tribal female athletes was significantly higher than in rural tribal female athletes (p<.01). It was concluded that urban tribal athletes exhibit more magnitude of aggression than rural tribal athletes and could be attributed to certain factors namely urban-rural living conditions, increased competition or varied social-environmental influences.

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Sports aggression, tribal, urban, rural, athletes, Jharkhand

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Abstract The purpose of writing this research paper is to investigate the convenient methods of learning English as a second language/ foreign language and explore how children literature can facilitate in creating an environment for the learners of English. English Language Teaching/Learning (ELT) is a process of teaching and learning English to non-native speakers as well as the native speakers. English has become the part and parcel of our life due to its wide - spread use in the field of science and rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this globalized world of ICT, the proficiency in communicating in English opens the doors for all sectors such as commercial, political, social, educational, cultural, psychological etc. Children Literature includes fables, fairytales, myths, fantasy, comics, folk-tales as well as fictional short-stories. The stories from Children Literature help a learner, especially the young ones, to learn English effectively. It is formed up for the growth of children's mind, as well as to create an imaginary environment to stimulate interest in storytelling, reciting the poem, learning the complex structure of language evolution. It may develop the learners' or readers' cognitive, artistic, linguistic competence and performance, along with the intellectual and moral abilities. The different genres and styles of children literature are indited in such a way that the mind of any reader or English language learner can be easily transferred to an imaginative or a fictional world to create a pleasurable and favourable environment as well as inquisitiveness for language learning. The litterateurs use very easy language in children literature that helps readers to understand the pattern of language and develops cognitive and communicative skills. This research paper will facilitate and promote the language learners' four communicative skills- Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing (LSRW) through different genres and styles of children literature.

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Key-words: - Communicative skills, Global Language, Genres and Styles, ELT, Literature, Linguistics competence, Second Language.

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Ayurveda has two main aims - one is to maintain the health of a healthy individual and the second is to treat a diseased person. Rasayana Chikitsa has a significant role in meeting Ayurveda's first goal. Rasayana Chikitsa is also a part of Ashtanga Ayurveda which presents its importance. Rasayana is any herb, food, or activity that confers youthfulness and cures diseases. If taken properly, the Rasayana prevents early aging and keeps you young and active both physically and mentally. Rasayana primarily refers to nourishment on all scales, from the macro to the micro-cellular level. All Rasayanas are nutrition promotores in general but there are certain target-specific Rasayana Medhya Rasayana for the brain, Hridya Rasayana for the heart, Chakshusya Rasayana for the eye, etc. It accelerates the formation of new Dhatus and retards aging. This way, it comprehends our body's vital energy and boosts immunity. A good intellectual power acts as a catalyst in all aspects of life. Ayurveda provides a list of herbs known for nootropic activity and their multi-dimensional utility in various conditions. Yashtimadhu, Guduchi, Shankhapushpi, and Mandookparni are the four Medhya Rasayana that Acharya Charaka briefly explained. It is said that Shankhapushpi is the best among all Medhya Rasayana Dravya. These drugs enhance one's capacity for acquiring knowledge (Dhi), retention (Dhriti), and memory (Smriti). Medhya Rasayana medications are used to promote health and prevent and treat mental illnesses in people of all ages. Recently there has been a tremendous urge to explore medicinal plants globally for improving cognitive function owing to their less adverse effects. Throughout the Nighantu period, more cognitive enhancers were occasionally introduced to classical literature under the label Smritikara Dravya and in folk practice.

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Medhya Rasayana, Memory, Nootropics, Intellectual power, Medha, Dhi, Dhriti, Smriti.

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Diabetes, a major global source of morbidity, must be identified early in order to be effectively managed and complications avoided. In this work, we propose a machine learning method for diabetes prediction that makes use of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. We carried out comprehensive preparation using a publically accessible dataset, which included choosing pertinent properties, addressing missing values, and normalizing features. Several kernels (linear, polynomial, and RBF) were used to optimize the SVM model, and performance was enhanced through hyperparameter adjustment. The model's effectiveness was validated using evaluation measures such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC, which achieved [certain performance criteria]. Our results demonstrate the potential of SVM in clinical decision support systems for the diagnosis of diabetes. In order to improve model resilience, future research will examine sophisticated feature engineering approaches and broaden the dataset to include a variety of populations.

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Diabetes Prediction, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Pima Indians Diabetes Dataset, Machine Learning, Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel, Hyperparameter Tuning, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, ROC-AUC, Data Preprocessing, Feature Selection, Healthcare Analytics, Early Diagnosis

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The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes holistic education, recognizing the critical role of nutritional education in supporting students' physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Nutritional education aligns with NEP's goals of fostering lifelong healthy habits, improving academic performance, and reducing health disparities in India. Integrating nutritional knowledge into school curriculums helps students understand the importance of a balanced diet, promoting both personal and community well-being. NEP 2020 also enhances this focus by advocating experiential learning methods, such as school kitchen gardens and improved mid-day meal programs, to reinforce practical knowledge. While the policy sets a strong foundation for nutritional education, its effectiveness will depend on addressing challenges like resource limitations, cultural diversity, and monitoring outcomes. In conclusion, NEP 2020's approach to nutritional education holds promise for developing healthier, more informed citizens, contributing to India's vision of a balanced, inclusive, and skill-oriented education system.

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Nutrition, Education, NEP-2020, Importance, Effectiveness

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The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), India's new criminal code, has introduced major changes in the country's criminal laws. The provisions related to rape in BNS have been structured to protect female sexual assault victims. This has raised a concern about the gender-biased approach of this code. This research paper critically examines Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita's provisions on rape from a gendered perspective, analysing whether the legal framework perpetuates gender bias and excludes male and non-binary victims of sexual violence. This paper calls for a shift in India's legal framework on rape to be gender-neutral for a more inclusive legal approach that ensures justice and support for all, regardless of their gender.

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gender-neutral, sexual violence, rape laws, BNS.

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Black cotton soil, characterized by its high swelling and shrinkage properties, poses significant challenges to construction and infrastructure development. Stabilizing this soil is crucial for improving its engineering properties and ensuring structural durability. This study explores the use of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), an agricultural waste by-product, as a sustainable stabilizing agent for black cotton soil. SCBA, rich in silica and alumina, reacts with soil particles to enhance strength and reduce plasticity. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of varying SCBA percentages on soil properties, including Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS).The results show a significant improvement in soil strength, reduced swelling potential, and enhanced load-bearing capacity with the optimal SCBA content. This approach not only improves soil performance but also promotes waste recycling and environmental sustainability. The findings demonstrate the potential of SCBA as a cost-effective and eco-friendly material for soil stabilization.

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Atterberg Limits, Compaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition