Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Abstract In recent studies, quantum computing has turned out as a new paradigm of computation and has been able to solve the problems with many classes of problems that are still unsolvable by ordinary classical machines. In contrast to the commutative architecture of binary computing, which needs bits being limited to either zero or one, quantum computing utilizes superposition, entanglement and unitary evolution, which permit computations on exponentially large spaces. This article provides a systematic coverage of the literal principles, quantum mathematical procedures, computer tumult, and the recent applications of the quantum technologies. It further examines the constraints of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices and explains the possible ways that could be taken to achieve scalable, fault-tolerant architecture. The review highlights the importance of continuous interdisciplinary cooperation between physics, engineering, and computer science solutions that make quantum computing a feasible idea.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Quantum Computing, Qubits, Superposition, Quantum Algorithms, NISQ

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

One of the most revolutionary areas of contemporary pharmaceutical science is nanotechnology, which provides creative ways to get around the drawbacks of traditional drug delivery methods. Poor water solubility, instability, low bioavailability, quick metabolism, and limited absorption of numerous phytoconstituents are some of the difficulties faced by herbal medicine, despite its reputation for therapeutic efficacy, safety, and cultural acceptance. One potential solution to these issues is the use of nanotechnology in herbal preparations. The therapeutic efficacy of herbal medications can be greatly increased by encasing or delivering herbal actives through nanoparticles like polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoemulsions, liposomes, metallic nanoparticles, and phytosomes. These nanosystems increase solubility, preserve bioactives from degradation, allow deep penetration into tissues, prolong systemic circulation, and provide controlled. Additionally, the "green synthesis" of nanoparticles can be made eco-friendly and biocompatible by using plant extracts as natural reducing and stabilising agents. The foundations, varieties, preparation processes, characterisation methods, benefits, difficulties, and wide range of therapeutic uses of nanoparticles in herbal medicine are the main topics of this review. By combining nanotechnology with traditional herbal knowledge, new treatment approaches that are safer, more effective, more scientifically advanced can be developed.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Herbal Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles, Herbal Nanoparticles, Nano-Drug Delivery Systems, Phytochemicals, Bioavailability Enhancement, Polymeric Nanoparticles, Lipid-Based Nanocarriers, Green Synthesis, Phytosomes

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nanotechnology has accelerated over the past forty years and shows no signs of slowing down. Nanotechnology-related innovations and products have transformed every facet of daily life, from the food sector to medical uses. Nanoparticles have improved the intracellular delivery of hydrophobic medications, greatly increased the shelf life of food products, and increased the effectiveness of some treatments like anticancer medicines. As a result, nanotechnology has affected both the global economy and the standard of living. This review discusses the properties of nanoparticles that give them appropriate and potentially harmful biological effects, as well as their uses in various biological domains and nanoparticle-based medications and delivery systems in biomedicine, including nano-based medications that are currently FDA-approved in the United States. The potential effects of ongoing nanoparticle exposure brought on by the growing usage of nanotechnology are also emphasized, along with potential remedies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

nanotechnology, nanoparticles, drug delivery systems, nanomedicine

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a crucial measure of a sunscreen's capacity to shield the skin against UV radiation-induced damage, especially UVB-induced erythema. Global awareness of the need for efficient photo protection techniques has risen due to growing environmental risks, ozone layer depletion, and greater outdoor exposure. This paper offers a thorough analysis of SPF, its scientific foundation, testing procedures, influencing variables, formulation improvements, and new technologies in sunscreen production. The kinds of UV radiation, their biological consequences, and the ways in which various sunscreens chemical, physical, and hybrid offer protection are all covered in this article. In-vitro and in-vivo SPF determination techniques, such as spectrophotometric tests, Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) evaluation, and worldwide regulatory standards, are also covered in detail. The disparity between labelled SPF and actual protection is emphasized by highlighting important aspects that impact SPF effectiveness, including film formation, photo stability, skin type, product vehicle, ambient circumstances, and customer behaviour. To illustrate the future course of photo protection science, cutting-edge discoveries including Nano encapsulation, antioxidant-enriched formulations, DNA repair enzymes, probiotic-supported sunscreens, hybrid UV filters, and smart UV-responsive technologies are examined. The article also covers environmental effects, safety concerns, and the growing popularity of biodegradable and reef-safe sunscreens. In order to enable researchers, formulators, doctors, and consumers better understand SPF, maximise sunscreen use, and investigate next-generation photo protective treatments, the study summarizes existing information and developing trends.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SPF, Sun Protection Factor, Sunscreen, Ultraviolet Radiation, UVB Protection, UVA Protection, Photo protection, Nano encapsulation, UV Filters, Photo stability, Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen, Antioxidants, Film-Forming Agents, Herbal Sunscreens, Smart Sunscreens, Reef-Safe Sunscreens.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study examines the efficacy of English literature as a pedagogical tool for developing second language acquisition (SLA) among Indian engineering undergraduate English as second language (ESL) learners. In Indian higher education, engineering students are required to possess strong English communication skills for academic success, professional growth, and global employability. However, despite prolonged exposure to English, many learners continue to demonstrate inadequate communicative competence. This research adopts an experimental design involving a control group and an experimental group to examine whether literature-based instruction is more effective than traditional ESL teaching methods. A sample of 80 first-year engineering students was equally divided into the two groups. The control group was taught using conventional language teaching methods, whereas the experimental group was exposed to selected English literary texts, including short stories, novels, and plays. Pre-test and post-test scores measuring reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar, and speaking skills were statistically analyzed. The findings reveal a significant development in overall language proficiency among students who received literature-based teaching. The study concludes that English literature plays a vital role in developing linguistic competence, communicative skills, and cultural awareness among Indian engineering undergraduate ESL learners.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Experimental Study, Second Language Acquisition, English Literature, ESL Learners, Engineering Undergraduates, Indian Context

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Children's online safety has become a critical national concern as the digital environment exposes them to cyberbullying, online grooming, sexual exploitation, trafficking, financial fraud, and harmful content. This paper examines the pivotal role of police in safeguarding children from online crime at the national level. It analyses the preventive, investigative, and response-oriented functions of law enforcement agencies in addressing cyber offences against children. The study explores the national legal and policy frameworks--such as the Information Technology Act, BNS, 2023, POCSO Act, and the Cybercrime Prevention against Women and Children (CCPWC) Scheme--that guide police actions in digital child protection. The abstract further highlights the essential coordination between national police bodies, cyber forensic units, social media platforms, child welfare organizations, and educational institutions in effectively combating online threats. It also discusses the emerging challenges faced by law enforcement, including rapid technological changes, resource limitations, capacity-building needs, encrypted platforms, and darknet-based exploitation. Finally, the paper outlines effective national-level strategies and best practices adopted by the police to strengthen online child safety, enhance digital resilience, and improve protection outcomes across the country.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Online cyber Crime, Police, Role of Law Enforcement, Best Strategies Children's online safety, Police role, Child protection, National-level policing, POCSO Act, BNS-2023, IT Act, CCPWC Scheme, Cyber forensic units.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Solar irradiance forecasting, infrared sky imaging, EfficientNet-B0, BiLSTM, deep learning, transfer learning, time-series prediction, smart grid.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Study of the Availability of Teaching-Learning Materials in Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas and its Relationship with the Academic Achievement of students"

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A Study of the Availability of Teaching-Learning Materials in Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas and its Relationship with the Academic Achievement of students"

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Natural hair care products have gained significant attention in recent years due to consumer awareness of harmful synthetic chemicals. Herbal shampoos, formulated from plant-based ingredients, represent a promising alternative to conventional shampoos. This project presents comprehensive research on herbal shampoo formulation using traditional medicinal plants including Azadirachta indica (Neem), Emblica officinalis (Amla), Acacia concinna (Shikakai), Sapindus mukorossi (Reetha), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and Aloe barbadensis. The formulated herbal shampoo was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including pH (5.5-8.5), viscosity (0.5-1.0 poise), foaming ability, foam stability, wetting time, surface tension, dirt dispersion, and microbial safety. Quality control testing demonstrated that the prepared formulation meets all pharmaceutical standards as per IS 4011:2018. The herbal shampoo exhibited superior conditioning properties, excellent cleansing ability, and antimicrobial activity comparable to commercial products, while maintaining the gentleness of natural ingredients. This project establishes a viable, safe, and cost-effective alternative to synthetic shampoos with significant commercial potential in the Indian market.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Herbal shampoo, natural surfactants, plant extracts, formulation, evaluation, quality control, antimicrobial activity, Indian pharmacopoeia.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing reliance on digital technologies has transformed contemporary workplaces, enhancing efficiency while also generating new sources of employee stress. This conceptual review examines how technology contributes to workplace stress and affects employees' well-being across organisational contexts. Drawing on peer-reviewed, open-access literature published between 2019 and 2025, the paper synthesises existing research to explain the mechanisms linking technology-related demands to employee well-being outcomes. The review identifies continuous connectivity, information overload, rapid technological change, and system complexity as key contributors to technostress. Technostress is conceptualised as a mediating process through which these demands influence psychological, emotional, social, and occupational well-being, often resulting in emotional exhaustion, reduced job satisfaction, and weakened work-life boundaries. The review also highlights the role of organisational resources, including supportive leadership, digital skills development, and clear technology-use norms, in buffering the negative effects of technostress. The paper contributes a consolidated conceptual framework and outlines directions for future research on sustainable digital work practices.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Technostress; Digital Work; Employee Well-Being; Technology-Induced Stress; Workplace Technology; Organizational Health

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition