Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Inflammation is a fundamental biological response to injury, infection, or physiological stress. However, chronic inflammation is associated with a wide range of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Phytomedicine, which relies on plant-derived bioactive compounds, has gained global recognition as a potential complementary or alternative approach for managing inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the anti-inflammatory activities of major phytochemicals, their mechanisms of action, pharmacological relevance, and potential therapeutic applications. The review also highlights challenges and future directions in translating phytomedicine-based therapies into clinical practice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytomedicine in Inflammatory Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Neem (Azadirachta indica) has a vital role in various problems associated with human health. The chemical constituents present in the neem plant make it a doctor tree due to its wide scope in biological activities associated with it, and has become a global context today. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is considered harmless to humans, animals, birds, beneficial insects and earthworms, and has been approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency for use on food crops. Azadirachtin and other active ingredients in the neem seed have insecticidal properties that are effective against a broad spectrum of insects, many mites and nematodes, and even snails and fungi, and do not seem to generate resistance in the pests they affect. Nowadays, neem and its extracts are used in numerous herbal medicines and cosmetics. What's more, even neem contraceptives are available in the market this days. Neem extract which have Nimbinin, nimbandiol as active constituents, alcoholic extract of the leaves was found to possess a significant blood sugar lowering effect, which are very useful against diabetes. Neem is used in Dermatitis Eczema, Acne, Bacterial/Fungal infections and other skin disorders. It has demonstrated its effectiveness as a powerful antibiotic. Neem also has shown antiviral, anti- fungal and anti-bacterial properties. It helps support a strong immune system and is used in cases of inflammatory skin conditions. Neem has been extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Homoeopathic medicine and has become a centre of attraction of modern medicine. Hence, the article is aims to utilize the medicinal properties of whole neem plant in various disorders of mankind.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

azadirachta indica, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and diabetic.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

My Research Paper is about the Covid Pandemic affects the mental and the overall well being if employees working in different sectors.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pandemic,Mental Health , Well being , Employees , industrial Psychology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

2025, CSR is no longer a peripheral corporate function but a core legal obligation. This paper explores the transition from "soft law" to "hard law," focusing on mandatory spending, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) disclosure mandates, and the rising tide of climate and social litigation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

These terms relate to the laws that force companies to act or report on their social impact. Mandatory Disclosure: Legal requirement for companies to report non-financial data. Section 135 (Companies Act 2013): Specifically for India; the landmark law mandating a 2% spend on CSR.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: The posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA), a vital branch of the maxillary artery, supplies the lateral maxillary sinus wall and posterior maxilla. Anatomical variations in the PSAA are clinically significant, particularly during sinus lift procedures, implant placement, and maxillofacial surgeries, where inadvertent arterial injury may lead to hemorrhage and compromised surgical outcomes. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides accurate three-dimensional visualization of maxillary sinus anatomy and is the preferred modality for pre-surgical planning. Understanding the PSAA's position relative to the sinus floor and alveolar crest in different dentition states is essential for improving surgical safety. Aim: To assess the anatomical location and distances of the intraosseous PSAA from the floor of the maxillary sinus and the alveolar crest in dentulous and partially edentulous patients, and to evaluate variations based on gender using CBCT. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective analysis of 188 CBCT scans of patients aged 18-75 years was conducted. Scans were divided into two groups: dentulous (n = 94) and partially edentulous (n = 94). The PSAA was identified on coronal and sagittal CBCT sections, and linear measurements were made from its inferior border to (1) the maxillary sinus floor and (2) the alveolar crest in the first or second molar region. Scans with artifacts, pathology, impacted teeth, or prior surgical changes were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0, with a significance level of p <= 0.05. Results: The mean distance of the PSAA to the sinus floor was 9.98 mm in dentulous patients and 9.67 mm in partially edentulous patients, showing no statistically significant difference (p = 0.450). The mean distance of the PSAA to the alveolar crest was 17.53 mm in dentulous patients and 15.51 mm in partially edentulous patients, indicating a statistically significant reduction in partially edentulous individuals (p = 0.001). Gender analysis revealed: o Dentulous group: No significant gender differences for PSAA distance to the sinus floor or alveolar crest (p > 0.05). o Partially edentulous group: A significant gender difference was found in PSAA distance to the sinus floor (greater in males; p = 0.022), while the distance to the alveolar crest showed no significant difference (p = 0.143). Conclusion: The PSAA's position relative to the sinus floor remains comparable between dentulous and partially edentulous patients; however, its distance to the alveolar crest is significantly reduced in partially edentulous individuals due to post-extraction alveolar bone resorption. Gender differences are minimal but become significant in partially edentulous patients regarding sinus floor measurements. CBCT provides high accuracy for PSAA localization and plays an essential role in pre-operative planning for implant placement and sinus augmentation procedures. This study offers valuable baseline data to enhance surgical safety and minimize vascular complications in the posterior maxilla.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PSAA, sinus floor, alveolar crest, dentition status, CBCT

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Public Debt, Inflation, Government Expenditure, Economic Growth, ARMAX Model, India

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The rapid adoption of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in the pharmaceutical sector has significantly enhanced automation, real-time monitoring, and intelligent decision-making. However, increased connectivity exposes Pharma IIoT systems to sophisticated cyberattacks, including false data injection, ransomware, and denial-of-service attacks, posing risks to drug quality and patient safety. This paper proposes a self-learning digital twin-enabled security framework that integrates real-time telemetry, digital twin modeling, and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for dynamic attack detection and mitigation. The framework leverages a digital twin environment to simulate operational and attack scenarios, enabling the DRL agent to learn optimal defense strategies. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms baseline models in terms of accuracy, F1-score, false positive rate, and detection latency, achieving a detection accuracy of 95.8% and a latency of 12 ms. The framework ensures proactive, adaptive, and resilient cybersecurity for next-generation Pharma IIoT systems, providing a viable solution for real-time threat mitigation and operational safety.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pharma IIoT, Digital Twin, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Cybersecurity, Real-Time Attack Detection, Self-Learning Framework, Industrial IoT Security

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Marine pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental challenge, driven primarily by land-based discharges, shipping, oil spills, overfishing, and the exponential rise of plastics and microplastics that now permeate water, sediment, and marine food webs, thereby undermining biodiversity, food security, coastal livelihoods, and human health, particularly in developing maritime nations such as India with long, densely populated coastlines and rich yet fragile marine ecosystems. At the international level, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) establishes broad obligations on all states to protect and preserve the marine environment and to prevent, reduce, and control marine pollution from diverse sources, including land-based activities, dumping, and vessel-source pollution, which are further operationalised through specialised treaties such as MARPOL, regulating pollution from ships across several technical annexes, and the London Convention and its 1996 Protocol, which restrict dumping of wastes at sea through permitting systems and strict prohibition lists. In the Indian context, the extensive coastline faces complex and cumulative pollution pressures from industrial effluents, untreated sewage, port and shipping activities, coastal construction, tourism, and rapidly increasing plastic and microplastic litter, resulting in habitat loss, coral stress, eutrophication, and contamination of commercially important fish species that support coastal communities. India has adopted a range of legal and policy measures--such as implementing MARPOL obligations through domestic rules under the Environment (Protection) Act, port state controls, and coastal regulation norms--to manage ship-source pollution and coastal development, yet enforcement gaps, fragmented institutional jurisdiction, limited monitoring capacity, and low community participation significantly constrain their effectiveness in practice. Emerging issues such as microplastics highlight a sharp global-local governance deficit: they are now ubiquitous in Indian coastal waters and marine biota, while international and national frameworks still rely largely on general obligations under UNCLOS and scattered soft-law or sectoral initiatives rather than detailed, binding rules specifically tailored to marine plastic pollution. Consequently, addressing marine pollution from both Indian and international perspectives demands integrated, multi-scalar strategies that combine stronger international cooperation, stricter and more coherent national implementation, improved land-based waste management, science-based monitoring, and participatory coastal governance, with particular attention to vulnerable regions such as coral islands, estuaries, and mangrove belts that serve as ecological buffers yet remain acutely exposed to cumulative anthropogenic pressures.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Marine Pollution, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS),

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

With the rapid expansion of digital education, designing structured and standardized academic courses manually has become time-consuming and inefficient. This project presents an AI-based Course Generator developed using the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js) to automate the creation and management of course structures. The proposed system generates course outlines, modules, learning objectives, and assessment plans based on predefined rules, templates, and user-selected parameters such as subject, academic level, duration, and difficulty. The application provides an interactive web interface for instructors and administrators to design, customize, and manage courses efficiently. MongoDB is used for storing course templates and user data, while React ensures a responsive user experience. The system improves consistency, reduces manual workload, and enables scalable course generation without relying on advanced language models or natural language processing techniques. This approach makes the solution cost-effective, transparent, and suitable for educational institutions and training platforms seeking structured course development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, MERN Stack, E-Learning, Automated Content Generation, Chatbot, Personalized Learning

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Structured Teaching Intervention, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition