Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The survey of Hymenopteran insects was carried out during April 2024 to June 2024 in an around the campus area of G.S.College, Khamgaon Dist. Buldana. The college was established during 1947 and one of the biggest and oldest higher education institution in Western Vidarbha which is spread over 97 acres. The campus has rich diversity of flora and fauna .We employed five collection methods for the study. (viz. pitfall trap, including bee traps with sugar water or pheromones, smoke to calm the bees, photographic techniques for species identification, yellow pan trap, manual collection, light trap and yellow sticky trap etc) . About five distinct species were identified Apis mellifera (commercially significant). Apis indica, Apis dorsata (known for large, aggressive colonies). Apis florea (adapted to arid climates) and Apis indica. Species are documented and identified up to species eve using literature, research articles and online resources. Our finding may help to enhance the understanding of these bee distribution and behaviors, supporting local pollinator conservation efforts in the study area.

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 Keywords

Hymenoptera, G.S. College Campus, pollinators, ecological roles.

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Childhood is universally recognized as the most important phase of human development, shaping an individual's physical health, emotional stability, moral values, and intellectual capacity. Ideally, it should be a period filled with care, security, learning, and emotional support. However, in contemporary society, a large number of children experience a silent crisis marked by pressure, neglect, inequality, and emotional insecurity. Factors such as excessive academic expectations, child labor, poverty, digital addiction, family instability, and lack of emotional guidance have transformed childhood into a stressful and vulnerable stage of life. This paper explores the hidden struggles faced by children in modern society and examines how these challenges affect not only individual development but also the long-term social and economic health of nations. Addressing this crisis is essential for creating a humane, balanced, and progressive society.

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Childhood Crisis, Child Development, Education Pressure, Child Welfare, Emotional Health, Social Responsibility

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United Nations (UNO) laid down an agenda for 2030 which advocates for achieving (17) sustainable development goals (SDG's) by the year 2030 by all the countries. Among these (17) goals, first goal of SDG is "to end the poverty in all it's forms everywhere in the world by 2030. All SDG's are inter related and inter dependent on each other. The achievement of all other SDG's (16) depends on the achievement of SDG (01) i.e., the removal of poverty. India has also been a signatory to UN's agenda for 2030. Hence India has been committed to reduce it's poverty to zero by 2030. Poverty has been the greatest challenge and global problem that the Governments across the nations are facing in the contemporary world. According to poverty estimates of planning commission in (2011-12), there are still about 22% of people in the country are living below poverty line (BPL). In absolute terms large number of people i.e., 27 crores are BPL in India. In spite of implementation of various poverty alleviation programmes i.e., both self and wage employment programmes by both Central and State Governments in the last 70 years the problem is still rampant. In this scenario Indian knowledge system (IKS) appears to be a ray of hope and offers solutions to the contemporary problems of the society including poverty. Indian knowledge system is a system of knowledge and wisdom that have been transmitted from one generation to other in India. IKS includes the main components of Gnan (knowledge), Vignan (Science) and Jeevan (philosophy). The reservoir of India knowledge and wisdom emnates from the literature of Vedas (4),Upanishads, Upavedas etc and later vedic texts like Bhagavath Gita, Ardhashastra. Poverty is not just an economic problem of income or wealth. But it is a multi-dimensional phenomenon comprising of various like education, health, nutrition, sanitation, housing, safe drinking water etc. Indian knowledge system indeed is a way of life. It is inter disciplinary in nature and its diverse components like Science, Mathematics, Medicine, Astronomy, governance etc., offers integrated holistic approaches to alleviate the poverty both in India and at Global level. This article focuses on the systems and approaches of IKS to reduce the poverty and improve the standards of living and overall quality of life of people in India and world over.

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Indian Knowledge System (IKS), Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), Poverty, Poverty Alleviation

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Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), a Cucurbitaceae vine cultivated across tropical regions, is rich in moisture, fiber, vitamins, phytosterols, flavonoids, terpenoids, cucurbitacins, and bioactive polysaccharides. Its traditional uses--across fruit, leaves, seeds, and flowers--include managing diabetes, hypertension, liver disorders, insomnia, urinary issues, constipation, pain, and inflammation. Modern studies demonstrate antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, diuretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, adaptogenic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. Its broad pharmacological profile supports its role as a functional nutraceutical and medicinal food, particularly in metabolic and chronic disease prevention. Fermented bottle gourd beverages were prepared from 4 types of sugars (Table Sugar, Rock Sugar, Sugarcane Jaggery and Palm Jaggery). The study aimed to evaluate the influence of these sugar sources on the biochemical, functional, and sensory properties of fermented bottle gourd beverages. Fermentation significantly reduced pH, enhanced stability, and improved the release of phenolic compounds. Among the formulations, the palm jaggery-based beverage exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, maximum total phenolic content, elevated reducing sugars and the greatest ethanol yield, demonstrating superior functional enhancement during fermentation. Sugarcane jaggery also produced nutritionally favorable beverages, whereas refined sugars showed comparatively lower functional attributes. Sensory evaluation revealed strong consumer acceptability for all sugar-based formulations, with palm jaggery scoring highest for its distinctive aroma, color, and balanced taste profile. Overall, the findings highlight palm jaggery as the most effective sugar source for producing a nutritionally enriched, functionally potent, and sensorially appealing fermented bottle gourd beverage. The study underscores the potential of integrating traditional sweeteners with fermentation to develop affordable, value-added nutraceutical beverages with promising applications in the functional food and health industry.

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Bottle gourd, beverages, cucurbitacins, sensory evaluation, ethanol, antioxidant activity

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The Exponentiated non-negative Rayleigh Poisson distribution is introduced in this research work by combining A new generalization of Rayleigh distribution; characteristics and applications with The Exponentiated G Poisson model. This study's primary goal is to use the power transformation technique to increase the Exponentiated G. Poisson distribution's flexibility. The new proposed model's probability density function, survival function, and hazard function are shown graphically. We examine this new distribution's characteristics, paying particular attention to its moments, skewness, kurtosis, mode, and quantile function. The probability-weighted moments, order statistics, R'enyi, entropies, and the residual life function have all been covered. We computed the log-likelihood, Bayesian, Akaike, and corrected Akaike information criteria and Hennan-Quinn information criteria of the following distributions: the newly proposed Exponentiated Rayleigh Poisson distribution, the Compound Rayleigh distribution, the Exponentiated Chen distribution, the Exponentiated Exponential distribution, the Exponentiated Inverted Weibull distribution, and the Generalized Rayleigh distribution. We discovered that the newly proposed model has smaller values than the others. For model validation, we have examined the TTT plot, Q-Q plot, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, and P-P plot of the suggested distribution. We contrasted the proposed model's estimated distributed function CDF and empirical distribution CDF with those of five other models. For illustrative purposes, an actual dataset is examined. By using various methods and resources, the new family's significance and adaptability are demonstrated. The paper is concluded with a final conclusion.

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New Generalization of Rayleigh Distribution, Exponentiated G Poisson Model, Probability Weighted Moments (PWM), Order Statistics, Maximum Likely-hood Estimation

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A novel bis-oxime Schiff base ligand, Bis(2-hydroxyimino-1-phenylpropylidene)-1,2-diaminobenzene, was synthesized through the condensation of 1,2-diaminobenzene with 2-hydroxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one under controlled ethanolic conditions. The ligand was subsequently used to prepare Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) complexes via direct metal-ligand reaction in alcoholic medium. The synthesized complexes were thoroughly characterized using elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and, wherever applicable, ESR measurements. The spectral data confirmed the successful coordination of the ligand through the oxime nitrogen and phenolic oxygen atoms, supporting a tetradentate N?O? donor mode. FT-IR spectra revealed characteristic shifts in ?(C=N), ?(N-O), and ?(O-H) vibrations upon complexation, while electronic spectra indicated the formation of octahedral structures for the Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes and a distorted square planar or square pyramidal geometry for the Cu(II) analogue. Magnetic moment values were consistent with their assigned geometries and oxidation states. The molar conductivity values suggested the non-electrolytic nature of all complexes. Thermal studies indicated that the complexes exhibit multi-step decomposition patterns, confirming the absence of coordinated or lattice water molecules. The overall analytical, spectral, and thermal results support the formation of stable, well-defined metal complexes with the designed bis-oxime Schiff base ligand. The study provides significant insights into the coordination behavior of oxime-based tetradentate ligands and their ability to stabilize transition metal ions in characteristic geometrical environments. A number of metal complexes of the types M?L, M?L?X? [M = Co(II), Ni(II); X = Cl?, Br?, I?] and Cu?LX? (X = Cl?, Br?), where H?L = bis(2-hydroxyimino-1-phenylpropylidene)-1,2-diaminobenzene have been synthesized and characterized.

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 Keywords

Copper(II), Nickel(II) and Cobalt(II) complexes, Bis(2-hydroxyimino-1-phenylpropylidene)-1,2-diaminobenzene Spectroscopic characterization; FT-IR; UV-Visible spectroscopy; Magnetic susceptibility; Molar conductance; Geometry determination.

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Rajanikanta Bordoloi (1867-1940) holds a distinct place in the literary landscape of Assam as a noveliest whose works mirror of the cultural, social, and historical sensibilities of his time. This study seeks to examine Bordoloi's contribution to Assamese literature with a focus on his work as a novelist. Through a critical analysis of his major novels such as "Miri Jiyori" and "Manomoti", the study highlights how Bordoloi skillfully blended historical narratives with elements of Assamese folklore, culture, and social reform. The paper discusses his narrative style, thematic concerns, and his role in shaping a distinctly Assamese literary identity during the colonial period. Bordoloi's commitment to Assamese nationalism, his portrayal of indigenous communities, and his subtle critique of social hierarchies underscore his position not just as a novelist, but as a cultural reformer. This paper aims to reaffirm Bordoloi's stature as a foundational figure in Assamese prose fiction and assess his enduring legacy in the literary history of Assam.

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Rajanikanta Bordoloi, Folklore, Indigenous, Fiction, Literary, Literary

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Cataracts are a common eye condition that can lead to vision loss if not detected early. Traditional diagnosis methods rely on manual examination by eye specialists, which can be time-consuming and subjective. This study explores the use of RESNET-152, a deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), to detect cataracts from eye images automatically. The model is trained on a dataset of fundus images and can classify eyes as normal or cataract affected. By using deep learning, the system provides a fast, accurate, and reliable method for cataract detection, which can assist doctors in early diagnosis and treatment. Traditional cataract diagnosis relies on manual examination by ophthalmologists, which can be time-consuming and subjective. In this study, we propose an automated cataract detection system using the RESNET-152 convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction and classification. The model is trained on a dataset of fundus images, where it learns to distinguish between normal and cataract-affected eyes with high accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes an automated cataract detection system using RESNET-152, a deep learning-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The model is trained on a dataset of fundus images, learning to extract important visual features that differentiate normal and cataract affected eyes. Transfer learning is employed to enhance model efficiency, leveraging pre-trained weights from large-scale image datasets. The deep learning-based approach leverages transfer learning to enhance feature representation, ensuring robust detection even in challenging cases.

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Cataract Detection, RESNET-152, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network, Transfer Learning, Fundus.

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The integration of Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) with Autonomous Mobility Systems (AMS) is revolutionizing the way machines perceive, navigate, and interact with physical environments. This review explores recent advancements in applying artificial intelligence (AI) models - such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), graph neural networks (GNNs), and transformers - to geospatial data for enabling autonomy in vehicles, drones, and intelligent transport systems. We present a theoretical framework, experimental results, comparative model evaluations, and key findings from over a decade of research. Challenges including real-time data fusion, generalization, explainability, and privacy preservation are discussed. The review concludes by outlining future directions such as federated learning, edge AI, 4D spatial modeling, and sustainable mobility planning. As cities become smarter and autonomous platforms more widespread, the convergence of GEOINT and AI will be critical to achieving reliable, context-aware, and environmentally conscious mobility solutions.

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 Keywords

Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT); Autonomous Mobility Systems (AMS); Deep Learning; Smart Cities; Edge AI; Federated Learning; 4D Spatial Modeling; Trajectory Prediction; Sensor Fusion; Explainable AI.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The advent of the World Trade organization (WTO) introduced many policy- based international trading system aimed at liberalizing markets, including the farmers rights in agricultural sector. For India- like country agrarian economy- the obligations under the WTO's agreement on Agriculture (AOA) and the agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual property Rights (TRIPS) have led to significant legal and policy changes. The Study examines how WTO provisions have influenced Indian agricultural law and policy, with a special focus on the farmers' rights. It critically evaluates whether these changes have supported or undetermined the socio-economic and traditional rights of Indian farmers in the view of legal frame work.

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legal, policy, agriculture, socio-economic, traditional rights, farmers rights

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