Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Artificial intelligence has become deeply embedded in modern health systems and is reshaping how pandemics are monitored, anticipated, and controlled. By combining machine learning, advanced analytics, and large-scale data integration, AI supports real-time epidemiological modeling, informs public health decision-making, and shortens the timelines for vaccine discovery and development. AI-based models, including extensions of SIR and SIS frameworks, help forecast transmission dynamics, allocate vaccines efficiently, and evaluate the likely impact of interventions on different populations, including low- and middle-income countries. This review outlines how AI contributes to epidemic modeling, vaccine target identification, vaccine design and formulation, clinical and preclinical evaluation, and surveillance, and it also considers applications in cancer immunotherapy and drug discovery. The article further highlights practical, ethical, and implementation issues and emphasizes the need for responsible and strategic integration of AI to strengthen preparedness for future global health threats.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- machine learning techniques, epidemiological modeling, vaccine development, cancer, and immunotherapy

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper explores my personal life journey-how I, Subhadeep Shit, have to faced challenges and how to overcome different challenges, both academic and personal, and how those experiences helped me grow as a person. It focuses on the struggles I encountered during my educational and personal development, the emotional and practical difficulties I faced, and the strategies I used to rise above them. And this research paper highlights the importance of resilience, positive thinking, and self-reflection in personal development. Through a self-narrative and reflective approach, I aim to show that every struggle, if faced with courage and patience, can become a step toward growth and success.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Journey, overcome, academic, resilience, self-narrative.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Personal AI Companion is a portable, voice-based conversational system designed to offer users an interactive and intelligent assistance experience. Built using an ESP32 microcontroller, MEMS microphone, speaker, amplifier, and OpenAI-based APIs, the device can capture speech, convert it into text, generate context-aware responses, and deliver audio replies in real time. This project aims to create a low-cost, compact, and user-friendly AI assistant capable of long-term memory integration, ethical data handling, and personalized interactions without the need for continuous smartphone use. The implemented prototype achieves reliable two-way communication, proximity-based activation, and efficient power management through embedded hardware modules. The system successfully demonstrates real-time conversational capability, offering practical applications in personal guidance, education, accessibility support, and social companionship. The project highlights the potential for future enhancements such as multilingual support, IoT-based smart home control, offline optimization, and advanced emotional or contextual awareness to further improve user experience and system autonomy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Personal AI companion, ESP32 microcontroller, voice-based assistant, MEMS microphone, OpenAI API, speech recognition, natural language processing, text-to-speech, embedded systems, real-time communication, low-power device, ethical AI, contextual awareness, personalized interaction, Internet of Things (IoT), accessibility support.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bhihar Rajya Ke Sarkari Madhya Vidhyalay Ke Adhyapako Me Bhog Ev Saririk Siksha Ke Prati Jagrukta : Ek Adhayan

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bhihar Rajya Ke Sarkari Madhya Vidhyalay Ke Adhyapako Me Bhog Ev Saririk Siksha Ke Prati Jagrukta : Ek Adhayan

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This study investigates the interplay between sustainable tourism dimensions and destination selection in Uttarakhand, a region of immense economic value yet extreme ecological fragility. A comprehensive review of recent literature highlights the severe challenges posed by mass tourism, including environmental degradation, infrastructural deficits, and the erosion of local cultural integrity. To understand the underlying structure of destination attractiveness, the study employed Factor Analysis on key sustainability indicators derived from the literature, grouping them into critical latent variables: Ecological Compliance, Community-Based Tourism and Empowerment, Infrastructural Quality, and Digital and Behavioural Trust. The factor analysis results confirm that tourists' destination choices are multi-dimensionally driven, with these sustainability factors significantly influencing perceived attractiveness. Specifically, factors related to robust Ecological Compliance (e.g., adherence to carrying capacity and effective waste management) and the quality of Community-Based Tourism initiatives (e.g., homestay service quality and local participation) emerged as paramount determinants for securing a competitive advantage. The findings underscore that the current mass tourism model is unsustainable and necessitates a paradigm shift. This paper concludes by advocating for a holistic governance framework. Key suggestions include prioritizing scientific regulation and decentralization of tourism, aggressive investment in core rural infrastructure and waste management systems, mainstreaming Community-Based Tourism by focusing on local empowerment and skills, and leveraging digital platforms to promote responsible tourist behaviour and build consumer trust. Implementing these measures is essential for transforming Uttarakhand's tourism sector into a resilient and viable model for future growth.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Sustainable Tourism, Destination Selection, Ecological Compliance, Community-Based Tourism, Infrastructural Quality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Determining the blood group is a crucial step in medical diagnostics that guarantees the security and suitability of organ transplants, blood transfusions, and life-saving emergency treatments. Conventional blood typing procedures include laboratory-based reagent testing and invasive sample collection, which call for skilled workers, regulated settings, and labor-intensive procedures. These drawbacks emphasize the necessity of a non-invasive substitute that can produce dependable and quick results in a range of contexts. Using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy in conjunction with image processing and machine learning techniques, this project presents a novel method for blood group detection. Blood group-specific biochemical and structural characteristics are correlated with distinct patterns of light absorption and reflection that are revealed by infrared imaging, which captures the spectral characteristics of biological tissues, especially the hand and fingerprint regions. Significant features are then extracted from these IR spectral images using sophisticated image processing algorithms. These features are then fed into machine learning models that have been trained to categorize various blood types. By doing away with the necessity for physical blood collection, this non-invasive method lowers discomfort, biohazard risks, and logistical difficulties. It provides an economical, transportable, and effective solution that can be used in military operations, hospitals, remote healthcare facilities, and disaster response situations. The ultimate goal of this project is to transform diagnostic medicine by offering a quicker, safer, and easier way to identify blood groups.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blood Group Detection, Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy, Image Process, Light Absorption and Reflection, Machine Learning, Non - Invasive Technique.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sikkim's settlement patterns and housing have transformed significantly over the past five decades. Traditional dwellings--rooted in local materials and the cultural practices of Lepcha, Bhutia and Nepali communities--are increasingly replaced by concrete structures shaped by modernization, mobility and changing aspirations. This paper outlines major vernacular house types, examines spatial and architectural shifts since the 1970s, and discusses the socio-cultural and environmental implications of this transition. The analysis highlights the need to integrate traditional ecological knowledge into contemporary planning for culturally grounded, climate

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

settlement, vernacular-traditional settlement, housing transformation, Bhutia, Lepcha, Nepali, Sikkim house types.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of skin damage, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Although conventional sunscreens containing synthetic UV filters are widely used, concerns related to skin irritation, long-term safety, and environmental toxicity have increased interest in herbal alternatives. Herbal sunscreens utilize plant-derived bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins that provide photoprotection through multiple mechanisms, including UV absorption, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and enhancement of skin barrier function. This review critically discusses the role of ultraviolet radiation in skin damage, the concept and classification of sunscreens, and the photoprotective potential of herbal ingredients. The mechanisms of action, advantages, formulation challenges, and evaluation methods of herbal sunscreens are systematically reviewed based on existing scientific literature. Additionally, current research gaps related to standardization, stability, SPF optimization, and clinical validation are highlighted, along with future research directions. Overall, herbal sunscreens represent a promising and eco-friendly approach to photoprotection; however, further research and technological advancements are required to improve their efficacy and regulatory acceptance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Herbal sunscreens; Photoprotection; Ultraviolet radiation; Antioxidants; Plant-based cosmetics; Skin protection

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables due to improper storage remain a major challenge for rural farmers, especially in off-grid areas with unreliable electricity. This research presents a Smart IoT-Based Solar Powered Refrigerator designed to provide sustainable cold storage using solar energy and intelligent monitoring. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller, DS18B20 temperature sensors, an MQ-6 gas sensor, Peltier cooling modules, and a solar charging unit with battery backup. Real-time monitoring is achieved through a locally hosted IoT dashboard and LCD interface. The system automatically regulates cooling, monitors spoilage gases, and manages battery health, significantly reducing losses and enhancing produce shelf life. This paper discusses the system design, implementation, results, and feasibility for rural agricultural deployment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IoT monitoring, Solar refrigeration, ESP32, Peltier cooling, Agricultural storage, Battery management, MQ-6 sensing, Smart farming.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Chosen the research topic "Study on Currency Trends and Volatility in the Forex Market" under the guidance of CA Dr. Das. The foreign exchange (forex) market plays a pivotal role in the global economy, acting as the backbone for international trade and financial transactions. This research explores how currency values shift over time and what causes those changes, with a specific focus on market trends and volatility. It delves into the influence of key economic factors such as interest rates, inflation, central bank decisions, and geopolitical developments on the movement of major currency pairs. It also offers a broader perspective on managing risks associated with forex trading by interpreting market signals and economic indicators with greater accuracy. This study investigates the relationship between currency trends and volatility in the foreign exchange (forex) market, focusing on five major currency pairs It tests the hypothesis that currency trends significantly affect market volatility. Through statistical tools and technical indicators, the research analyzes historical data to assess patterns and deviations. The findings contribute to better forecasting and risk management in forex trading.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Forex Market, Exchange Rate Volatility, RSI, SMA, Currency Trends, Macroeconomic Determinants, Risk Management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition