Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

This study explores Intelligent Invoice Information Extraction in the context of recent progress in Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Conventional OCRbased pipelines frequently encounter recognition errors, domain-specific limitations, weak generalization, and poor performance when processing invoices with varied layouts. To address these challenges, we present a Hybrid Vision- Language Framework that combines the OCR-free Donut document transformer with the Gemini multimodal large language model. The framework enables structured extraction of key financial fields from invoices of multiple templates. Donut performs the visual encoding and sequence generation without relying on OCR, whereas Gemini provides higher-level reasoning, validation, and semantic refinement of the extracted information. The objective is to achieve high-precision identification of invoice numbers, dates, vendor details, tax components, itemized records, and total amounts. A detailed review of the literature indicates that only a few existing systems utilize hybrid VLM architectures that fuse OCR-free models with multimodal reasoning models for invoice extraction. Extensive empirical evaluations on custom datasets and standard benchmarks demonstrate substantial performance gains over traditional OCR-based and transformer-based baselines. The key contributions of this work include a scalable system architecture, an analysis of hybrid reasoning effectiveness, comprehensive experimental results, and practical insights for organizations aiming to automate financial processing workflows. The findings suggest that hybrid VLM frameworks offer a significant advancement for Intelligent Document Processing (IDP), reducing manual effort while improving generalization to previously unseen invoice formats.

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 Keywords

Donut model, Gemini AI, Invoice Extraction, Document Intelligence, Vision-Language Models

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study assesses patient perceptions of service quality in selected public and private hospitals in Raipur using the SERVQUAL model and examines demographic variations across key service quality dimensions. Primary data were collected from 150 OPD patients from two public and two private hospitals. Service quality was measured across Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Cronbach's Alpha. Results show that private hospitals scored significantly higher across all SERVQUAL dimensions than public hospitals. Gender differences were not significant, whereas residence (urban vs. rural) influenced all dimensions. Age, education and income also had significant effects on selected service quality domains. The SERVQUAL instrument demonstrated strong internal reliability. Overall, the findings indicate that public hospitals must improve responsiveness, patient communication and infrastructure to reduce service quality gaps and enhance patient satisfaction.

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 Keywords

SERVQUAL, Service Quality, Patient Perception, Public and Private Hospitals, Raipur, Healthcare Quality, Demographic Factors, Patient Satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This review paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of two fundamental pointer-based data structures, the linked list and the skiplist, through the lens of the modern multi-level CPU cache hierarchy (L1, L2, L3). While traditional algorithmic analysis focuses on asymptotic complexity, contemporary hardware realities indicate that memory access patterns and their interaction with the cache often dominate real-world performance. The discussion begins by establishing essential principles of cache architecture and the principle of locality, followed by a survey of seminal works in cache-conscious data structure design that highlight key optimization strategies such as clustering and layout transformation. The comparative analysis exposes the inherent spatial locality limitations of both standard linked lists and skiplists, stemming from their reliance on discontiguous, heap-allocated nodes. Evidence shows that the skiplist's logarithmic search complexity can be undermined by its irregular memory access patterns, frequently producing a higher rate of cache misses than a linear scan over a linked list. The paper concludes by examining modern cache-optimized skiplist variants that blend pointer-based and array-based designs to mitigate these hardware-level penalties, emphasizing that a cache-aware design philosophy is essential for achieving high performance in memory-intensive applications.

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 Keywords

Data Structures, Skip List, Linked List, CPU Cache, L1 Cache, L2 Cache, L3 Cache, Memory Hierarchy, Perfor- mance Analysis, Cache-Conscious, Spatial Locality, Temporal Locality.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Occupational stress has emerged as a critical concern within higher education institutions, particularly among women employees who navigate complex professional and socio-cultural expectations. This study investigates the nature, sources, and consequences of work-related stress and its effect on work performance among female teaching and non-teaching employees in higher education institutions located in rural and metropolitan settings. Using Wardha district as the rural context and Nagpur district as the metropolitan context, the study adopts a comparative and empirical research design. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering dimensions such as workload, role ambiguity, institutional support, work-life balance, psychological well-being, and coping mechanisms. Statistical tools including descriptive analysis, independent sample t-tests, and correlation analysis were applied. The findings reveal significant differences in stress levels and performance outcomes between rural and metropolitan institutions, with workload pressure and institutional support emerging as dominant predictors. The study contributes context-specific insights for gender-sensitive human resource policies in higher education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Occupational Stress, Work Performance, Women Employees, Higher Education, Rural-Urban Comparison

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Road accidents involving two-wheeler riders remain a major concern in India, with a significant number of fatalities attributed to the absence of helmet use and delayed emergency assistance. To address this issue, a Smart Helmet System is proposed that integrates multiple sensors to ensure rider safety and accident detection. The system verifies helmet usage through an IR sensor, monitors alcohol consumption using an MQ-3 breath sensor, and enables vehicle ignition only when safety conditions are met. An impact-sensing module detects accidents, after which the location is acquired through GPS and transmitted via GSM to emergency contacts. This model aims to promote compliance with safety regulations, reduce accident-related fatalities, and provide a cost-effective solution for real-time accident reporting. The proposed design demonstrates the potential of embedded and IoT-based systems to improve rider protection and enhance road safety.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Helmet, Accident Detection, Alcohol Monitoring, Emergency Alert System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates students' perceptions of physical education (PE) and its contribution to their physical, psychological, social and academic development. Responses from nineteen students across varied academic programmes were examined through thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's framework. Five themes emerged, demonstrating PE's value in holistic development, social competence, academic discipline and emotional well-being. Students advocated improvements in infrastructure, professional guidance and activity diversification. The findings offer insights for strengthening PE programmes within higher education.

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 Keywords

Physical Education; Student Perceptions; Academic Engagement; Well-being; Behavioural Outcomes; Social Development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Continental flood basalts are massive volcanic eruptions that accumulate enormous volumes of basaltic rock covering large areas in the order of lacks of square kilometers and attaining thickness of several hundreds of meters and volumes exceeding one million Km3. Rajahmundry Trap Basalt flows are one among such worldwide large continental flood basalts. For the last half a century, it has been an interested topic of research on CFBs for several geoscientists who have contributed voluminous data on basalts. In the present paper an attempt has been made to unearth the probable mode of origin and emplacement of RTB flows that are occurring as discrete out crops at several locations. 28 basalt samples were collected from three basalt flows one lying one the other separated by two intertrappeans and an infratrappean bed at the base of these flows.The samples were analyzed chemically by HR-ICP MassSpectrophotometer for major, minor and trace elements and by XRD powder pattern. Initially these samples were studied under microscope in thin sections for mineral identification. These basalts are very fine grained with occasional phenocrysts of Olivine, Plagioclase and Clinopyroxenes and fine granules of these and many other minerals admixed with cryptocrystalline and glassy matrix. From the data derived from, optical, XRD and analytical procedures appropriate conclusions have been drawn.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Geochemical, Trap Basalt flows, Intertrappeans, major and minor elements, trace and rare-earth elements, Differentiation, Crust, Mantle

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present study aimed to develop and standardize the Tiwari Marital Satisfaction Scale (TMSS) to assess marital satisfaction among Indian married individuals. The scale contains 15 items covering six domains: Emotional Satisfaction, Communication, Conflict Resolution, Intimacy & Affection, Shared Decision-Making, and Overall Satisfaction. The sample consisted of 120 married individuals selected through purposive sampling. The reliability of the scale was found to be high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87; test-retest reliability = 0.81). Content validity index (CVI = 0.89) and factor analysis confirmed strong construct validity. TMSS is a culturally relevant, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing marital satisfaction in Indian settings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

marital satisfaction, scale development, reliability, validity, TMSS, Indian couples.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Individuals with motor disabilities often struggle with performing daily activities independently, especially in terms of mobility. Voice-controlled assistive technology provides a feasible and cost-effective solution for users who cannot operate a conventional joystick-based wheelchair. This paper presents the development of a voice-controlled wheelchair using a microcontroller, voice recognition module, and motor driver to translate spoken commands into directional movement. Commands such as "forward", "backward", "left", "right", and "stop" are processed in real-time, allowing fully hands-free control. The system incorporates safety features, reliable motion control, and efficient hardware-software integration. A review of related technologies highlights the growing importance of smart mobility aids. The proposed system provides an accessible and affordable assistive device for disabled individuals, significantly enhancing their independence and quality of life

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Voice control, wheelchair automation, speech recognition, assistive technology, embedded systems, mobility

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and remains one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. Current treatments, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, only provide symptomatic relief without slowing disease progression. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-beta (A?) pathology have gained attention as potential disease-modifying therapies. Among these, Leqembi (lecanemab) has emerged as a milestone in Alzheimer's research and treatment. Leqembi is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds selectively to soluble amyloid-beta protofibrils, preventing their aggregation into insoluble plaques and enhancing their clearance by immune mechanisms. By targeting the root pathological process, it helps reduce amyloid burden and slows neurodegeneration. The Phase III CLARITY-AD clinical trial (2022) demonstrated that lecanemab slowed cognitive and functional decline by approximately 27% in early-stage Alzheimer's patients compared with placebo. Despite its promise, challenges remain. The most notable adverse effects are amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), including brain edema and micro-hemorrhages, which require careful MRI monitoring. High cost, limited accessibility, and the need for further long-term studies also restrict its widespread use. In conclusion, the approval of Leqembi in 2023 by the FDA represents a significant shift from symptomatic management to disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer's disease. This project reviews its pharmacology, clinical benefits, safety concerns, and future prospects, highlighting its role as a groundbreaking step in neurodegenerative drug development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Leqembi, Lecanemab, Alzheimer's disease, Monoclonal antibody, Amyloid-beta, Neurodegeneration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition