Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative field in medicine, enabling the design and development of novel drug delivery systems with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale (1-1000 nm), which imparts unique physicochemical and biological properties compared to their bulk counterparts (Ahirwar CS, 2017). These properties include high surface area-to-volume ratio, enhanced solubility, increased cellular uptake, and the ability to cross biological barriers. The translation of nanotechnology to medicine, often referred to as nanomedicine, has enabled advancements in diagnostics, therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery systems.

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 Keywords

Formulation and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery , Solid Lipid Nanoparticles , Rationale for SLN

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The transition towards electric mobility in India has accelerated over the past decade, driven by rising environmental concerns, fluctuating fuel prices, and strong policy interventions. This study examines the current landscape, growth trends, and challenges associated with electric vehicle (EV) adoption in India. Using secondary data from government reports, industry publications, and market analyses, the research evaluates the impact of initiatives such as the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme, state-level EV policies, and advancements in domestic manufacturing and battery technologies. The findings indicate a significant increase in EV sales, particularly in the two-wheeler and three-wheeler segments, supported by expanding charging infrastructure and declining battery costs. However, barriers including limited charging networks in rural areas, high upfront costs, supply-chain constraints, and concerns regarding grid readiness continue to slow widespread adoption. The study concludes that sustained policy support, investment in localized manufacturing, and development of a robust charging ecosystem are critical for India to achieve its long-term electric mobility and carbon reduction goals.

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 Keywords

Electric Mobility; Charging Infrastructure; Battery Technology; Sustainable Transportation; EV Adoption; Policy Interventions, Two-Wheeler EVs; Three-Wheeler EVs; Grid Readiness.

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Ayurveda" the science of life is time tested science which does not require experimental evidences & its entire field to compare with modern era. It"s all principles are universally applicable to each individual to have a long healthy life first and then treating the disease, for that fight superior branches are explained. Shalya tantra is one among them. Sushruta known as father of surgery has described various surgical procedures along with some para surgical measures. ,,agni karma" is one amongst these parasurgical procedures. In Agnikarma therapeutic burning with special tools are done on specific sites. Agnikarma has been given special place in surgery by sushruta and it is believed that disease treated by Agnikarma never reoccurs. In this study there are different dahanopakramas have been described during the description of disease cured by Agnikarma.acharya sushruta has explained the materials by name according to the site of Agnikarma,akruti of Agnikarma,involvement of dhatus,indications,and contraindications of Agnikarma. In modern time also it is used and it is termed as therapeutic burns or cauterization.

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Agnikarma, Cauterization ,Dagdha,Parasurgical Measures, Ayurveda, Review.

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Water-borne transportation is becoming more broadly accepted, efficient, economical and sustainable mode of urban mobility, especially for places with natural waterways. It brings down emissions, improves connectivity, reduces traffic congestion and promotes balanced regional growth. Kochi, a coastal metropolis in Kerala, holds strategic significance due to the existence of the historic Kochi port and the vast backwater network and is one of the primary maritime commerce hubs in India. The presence of extensive navigable water channels has made Kochi a distinctive place for effective marine public transportation. Considering this, Kochi Water Metro, which incorporates environmentally friendly, contemporary, electric-powered catamarans with integrated multi-modal urban transport design, is an innovative milestone in India's mobility infrastructure. The main aim of this study is to evaluate customer satisfaction with the Kochi Water Metro by examining key factors of service quality, including accessibility, comfort, cleanliness, safety, fare affordability, employee behaviour, timely service and digital ticketing convenience. The results indicate overall favourable consumer opinions, especially in terms of hygiene, staff assistance and safety. However, the research highlights the need for improvement in terms of seating comfort, service frequency and first- and last-mile connectivity. The study demonstrates the potential of the Kochi Water Metro to transform into a reliable, inclusive and sustainable public transportation system that will substantially reduce traffic, enhance urban living conditions and promote green mobility.

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 Keywords

Consumer Satisfaction, Green Mobility, Kochi Water Metro, Public Transportation Systems, Service Quality, Urban Mobility, Water-Borne Transportation

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 Abstract

Black cotton soil, known for its high swelling and shrinkage characteristics, often causes severe damage to pavements and foundations due to volume changes with moisture variation. This study investigates the use of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) -- an industrial by-product -- for the sustainable stabilization of black cotton soil. Various laboratory tests such as Atterberg limits, were performed to assess improvements in soil behavior. The results revealed that the addition of GGBS significantly reduced the liquid limit and plasticity index, indicating lower expansiveness, while enhancing the soil's strength and stability. Utilizing GGBS not only improves the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil but also supports eco-friendly and cost-effective construction practices by repurposing industrial waste. Thus, GGBS serves as an efficient and sustainable alternative to conventional stabilizers for black cotton soil.

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Black cotton soil, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), eco-friendly.

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Udaipur, visual representation, architectural motifs, spatial composition, city identity, heritage architecture, design analysis, aesthetics

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Landmines continue to pose severe risks in many conflict-affected regions, often remaining undetected for decades. Manual demining is extremely dangerous and slow. This project presents a low-cost, semi-autonomous landmine detection rover built using the ESP32 microcontroller, an inductive metal detector, GPS-based coordinate logging, ultrasonic obstacle detection, and a lightweight TinyML classifier for improved accuracy. The rover provides real-time Wi-Fi alerts and logs GPS positions whenever metallic threats are detected. Experimental results show around 91% accuracy with a maximum sensing depth of 8 cm and an average inference time below 150 ms. The system demonstrates how compact embedded AI can improve field safety in humanitarian demining.

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ESP32, landmine detection, TinyML, GPS, embedded systems, metal detector, Semi- autonomous rover.

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 Abstract

Agriculture is recognized as a vital branch of the Indian economy, with a significant percentage of the rural population depending on agricultural work for their livelihood. Crop yield prediction is a crucial task in this sector, defined as the forecasting of harvest in kilograms per hectare. Crop yield is estimated based on various factors, including environmental parameters like precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration, as well as historic crop cultivation data, fertilizer use, and pesticide use. Due to increasing environmental uncertainty, accurate analysis of historic data is essential for successful farming. Data mining techniques are extensively employed in agriculture to discover knowledge and patterns from large datasets. The primary goal of using data mining in agriculture is to increase the yield, maximize benefits, and decrease the cost of cultivation. Data mining applications include classification, prediction, and clustering, which are used in crop selection systems, fertilizer recommendations, soil data analysis, and crop yield prediction. Prediction of crop yield in advance aids farmers in maximizing production and assists government bodies and stakeholders in planning for procurement, distribution, buffer-stocking, import/export, price fixation, and marketing of commodities.

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Environmental Factors, Classification, Prediction, Clustering, Soil Data Analysis, Fertilizer Recommendation, Agricultural Decision Support, Precision Farming, Historic Crop Data, Farming Optimization, Agricultural Planning

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This study investigated the relationship between secondary school students' mathematical ability and achievement in mathematics in West Bengal. This study adopted multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected rom a sample of 100 female students from rural and 100 male students' rom urban school which were randomly selected using the simple random sampling method at local govt added school. Two research questions and instruments were used for the study. Mathematical Ability test and Mathematical achievement test were used for this investigation. 't' test and simple correlation was used for analysis the data at 0.05 level. Result shows that there was a positive significant relationship between mathematical Ability and achievement in mathematics This study revealed that the boys' and girls' mathematical ability is not significantly difference whereas the no difference between boys and girls in mathematical ability. When we consider there is significant difference between mathematical ability and mathematical achievement then it has been found that achievement in mathematics is significantly better than mathematical ability. But when we consider H03 there is significant difference between mathematical ability of rural and urban areas. We found that urban areas are better mathematical ability than rural areas. Based on these finding, it was recommended that government should provide schools with facilities that will develop and sustain students' mathematical Ability as it is a good predictor of students' achievement in mathematics.

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Mathematical Ability; Achievement in Mathematics; Gender; Locality; Secondary students.

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 Abstract

Herbal medicines have been a part of the foundation of various healthcare systems since ancient times and are still playing a significant role in treating and preventing many diseases throughout the world. During the last few decades, however, there has been a rapid growth in the global demand for herbal products, considering their natural origin, better patient compliance, fewer adverse effects, and cost-effectiveness. However, traditional herbal formulations mostly suffer from serious limitations related to variability in composition, lack of standardization, presence of impurities, microbial contamination, and inconsistent therapeutic efficacy. These challenges have restricted the wider acceptance of herbal medicines in modern pharmaceutical practice. Advanced herbal technology has emerged as a scientific approach to overcome these drawbacks by applying modern pharmaceutical, analytical, and chemical techniques to herbal drug development. Isolation and purification are some of the most important steps in advanced herbal technology, since they ensure the safety, potency, quality, and reproducibility of herbal products. Therefore, the incorporation of sophisticated techniques for isolation and purification into the process of herbal drug development represents one of the most significant steps toward converting crude traditional remedies into safe, effective, standardized, and globally accepted phytopharmaceutical products. This work underlines the importance of advanced herbal technology in bridging the gap between ancient medicinal knowledge and modern pharmaceutical science and contributing much to future healthcare systems.

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 Keywords

Herbal Technology, Phytochemical Isolation, Chromatography, Advanced Extraction, Bioactive Compounds, HPLC, Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition