Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The proposed work is to study and compare the effect of DEE fumigation (i.e. the addition of DEE to the intake air manifold) and waste vegetable bio diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine. An attempt is to determine the optimum percentage of DEE that gives lower emissions and better performance. This will be investigated by using a simple fumigation technique, the performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder di diesel is subjected to addition of diethyl ether by fumigation into the inlet manifold with waste vegetable bio diesel blended diesel as fuel. Use of methyl ester biodiesel in diesel engines leads to a marginally inferior performance and higher smoke emissions due to their high viscosity and carbon residue. The performance of methyl ester biodiesel can be improved by injecting a small quantity of diethyl ether (DEE) along with air. The main objective of this study is to improve the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with methyl ester biodiesel through DEE injection at different flow rates. A single cylinder diesel engine with rated output of 5.2 kw at 1500 rpm will be converted to operate in the DEE injection mode. Dee is injected into the intake port during suction stroke, while methyl ester biodiesel is injected directly inside the cylinder at the end of compression stroke and all parameters are to be investigated.

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 Keywords

DEE, HC, CO, NOX, BP, BSFC, WVOME

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 Abstract

With the enhanced demand for electricity, the structure, operation, management, and ownership of electrical power system has been changed due to technical, financial, and ideological reasons. Recent trend involves augmentation of power systems in terms of geographical area, assets additions, and penetration of new technologies in generation, transmission, and distribution sectors. The congestion occurs when the generation and consumption of electric power causes the transmission system to operate beyond transfer limits. Flexible alternative current transmission system (FACTS) devices can be used to reduce the flows in heavily loaded lines, resulting in low power loss and improved stability of the system. Thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) is an emerging FACTS device designated to achieve this objective. The conventional methods in solving optimization problems in power systems suffer from several limitations due to necessities of derivative existence, providing suboptimal solutions, etc. In this paper, PSO based algorithm has been suggested for minimizing active power rescheduling cost and reactive power rescheduling cost of generators to alleviate congestion in IEEE 30-bus system. The sensitivity parameters are used in comparing the alternative locations available for generation capacity and percentage of congestion. The simulation studies proved the efficiency of the proposed approach to minimize congestion by optimal placement of TCSC to minimize the losses and to improve the power transfer in a power system network

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 Keywords

Flexible A.C. Transmission System (FACTS), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), Total Transfer Capability (TTC), Particle Swarm optimization (PSO), Congestion Management

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Tax planning means creating situations and investment portfolios that are efficient in terms of taxes. It is about making the most of the exemptions, deductions, discounts and reliefs allowed by law to reduce the tax level to its minimum. In a country like India, tax structures have become complicated, which consumes a large part of the taxpayer's income. For efficient tax planning of members with incomes, in-depth knowledge of tax laws and investment options is becoming important. Therefore, this study sheds light on the awareness of tax planning among the income earning group of our society. The study is about how they are planning their investments if they know about tax planning, how concerned they are when making investments and if they are looking for the help of any professional. The study revolves around identifying the degree of knowledge of tax planning and tax declaration options, analyzing whether they are aware of the different investment opportunities and discovering several alternatives in which investment is made to minimize tax liability and most attractive investment plan.

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 Keywords

TAX

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 Abstract

Shortage of power has been one of the nightmare issues for humankind in the modern age, where demand of electricity is growing very rapidly for urbanization of country. Renewable energy sources is playing a lead role in tapering the difference between supply and demand. The most important necessity of power system is to maintain the system security when outages takes place in system. This paper propose using contingency analysis method to decide weakest bus of the system to place STATCOM optimally for maintaining security and enhancing voltage profile of the wind connected system, as shunt compensating device plays important role to improve the function of power system. The simulations are accompanied in PSAT for IEEE-9 bus system with and without STATCOM to analyze the effect of STATOM on security performance of the system.

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 Keywords

System Security, wind energy system, Power Flow, FACTS, STATCOM, IEEE 9 bus system, MATLAB/PSAT

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A systematic procedure for designing, simulation and optimal tuning the parameters of a PSS and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) controller, for the power system stability enhancement is presented in this paper. For the simulation purpose, the model of single- machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system with PSS and TCSC controller is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The design problem of PSS and TCSC controller is formulated as an optimization problem and genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to search for the optimal PSS and TCSC controller parameters. By minimizing a time-domain based objective function, in which the oscillatory rotor speed deviation of the generator is involved; stability performance of the power system is improved. The results obtained from simulations validate the effectiveness of proposed modeling and tuning approach for power system stability improvement. The simulation results also show that the proposed TCSC controller is effective in damping a range of small disturbance conditions in the power system. With constraints on data availability and for study of power system stability it is adequate to model the synchronous generator with field circuit and one equivalent damper on q-axis known as the model 1.1. This paper presents a systematic procedure for modeling and simulation of a single-machine infinite-bus power system , so that impact of PSS and TCSC on power system stability can be more reasonably evaluated. The model of the example power system is developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK which can be can be used for teaching the power system stability phenomena, and also for research works especially to develop generator controllers using advanced technologies. Further, the parameters of the PSS and TCSC controller are optimized using genetic algorithm. The non-linear simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It has been observed that the dynamic stability of the power system gets significantly improved with the help of TCSC as compared to PSS and the power system dynamic response also gets improved under various power system conditions.

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 Keywords

Power system stabilizer (PSS), Single machine infinite bus system (SMIB), Synchronous generator model, Dynamic stability, Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Strategic alliances, organic organization, inorganic organization, hybrid organization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The objective of present work is to predict the path of crack in epoxy sheet under mixed mode loading condition. DLSP specimen is selected to generate mixed mode loading and XFEM approach is used to study the crack propagation. Microstructure in the form of RVE for unidirectional and randomly oriented composite material are generated using python scripting with the help of nearest neighbor algorithm. Sensitivity analysis is performed to select the size of RVE. XFEM analysis is carried out to study the microscopic behavior of crack on microstructure of composite material. Deboning behavior is also checked. Then homogenized properties are extracted from microstructure and verified with Halpin-Tsai estimation. These homogenized properties are than used to study the macroscopic crack propagation. Results are compared with experimental results of various literatures. An XFEM result seems to be in good agreement with experimental work. It is showed that crack in unidirectional epoxy sheet always runs parallel to fiber direction. And crack path for perfectly randomly oriented composite is in good agreement with GMTS criteria. Experiment is performed on randomly oriented material made with hand layup and XFEM analysis of the same anisotropic randomly oriented material is carried out. The XFEM and experimental results are in good agreement.

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crack propagation, XFEM, Tensile mode, fiber epoxy

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 Abstract

The cucurbitaceae family ranks highest among all the plant families for their number and percentage of species used as human food. It is important for any seed companies to examine the genetic purity before selling. This assures the uniformity and stability of the field performance. Grow out test (GOT) for genetic purity is been traditionally conducted by the many seed companies but lacks accuracy and time consuming. Advanced molecular tools such as microsatellite markers can be used for such purity test. In the present study, PCR based SSR molecular marker technology was utilized in order to determine the genetic purity of the cucurbits (cucumber, musk melon and bitter gourd) F1 seeds. The results clearly indicated that, among Fifteen SSR primers analyzed for each variety of the crops, one pair of primer showed polymorphism with single alleles in the parental lines and both the alleles of parents in the hybrids, indicating the heterozygosity. Among 93 F1 seeds of each crop that were analyzed using the polymorphic SSR primer 27 of cucumber, 10 of musk melon and 19 of bitter gourd were known to be off-types resulting in 70.7%, 89.2% and 79.6% of genetic purity respectively. This study showed that PCR based microsatellite marker technology is as an efficient tool in determining seed purity of the F1 hybrids over the conventional Grow out test.

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Genetic purity, Microsatellite markers, Cucurbits, F1 Hybrids

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Efficiency and Power Factor improvement of three phase induction motor drives which are continuously running motor for pump and blower applications is the need of present industries. In the proposed drive an Extinction Angle Control (EAC) technique has been used having three switches. Continuous unidirectional flow of current takes place in this. Extinction angle variation has been done to change the speed of motor and to reduce the current drawn by motor which will control the power factor of the motor without disturbing the other operation of motor.

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 Keywords

Power Factor, Efficiency, Current Reduction, Extinction Angle control, Induction Motor.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Human well being is a multi-dimensional concept. It comprises of the issue pertaining to socio-economic dimensions of human development with a broad focus on economic well-being, education and longevity of life. Livelihood opportunity of the people comprises an important part of human welfare. Livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. The aim of development is to improve the quality of life and to enhance the choices of people. It is a well-established fact that secured livelihood positively affects the quality of life. Education is one of the most important elements of human development. Education is vital not only in itself, but also because of the numerous positive externalities created by the spread of education, like human capacity building, human empowerment, and spread of awareness in all fronts. Good health is the key to a happy and productive life and an important indicator of human development. Each and every step of life is recurrently exposed to state of helplessness if human being is prone to commonplace ailments. Long healthy life is the basic aspiration of human development. From the standpoint of both personal and social level a healthy person is an asset. Existence or the availability of conditions required for 'health for all' in a society ensures economic progress. This paper identifies the unique features of the district from the perspective of socio-economic development and paves the way for the conceptualization of the human development issues.

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 Keywords

Human development, Education, Health, Socio-Economic, Income, Assets, HDI, Poverty, Unemployment, Sex ratio

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition