Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Histopathological observations were made on infected and non-infected hepatopancreas of snail, Lymnea luteola. Infected hepatopancreas either with rediae of cercaria microcaeca (Distome) revealed basically histopathological abnormalities showing the presence of reduced amount of acid mucopolysaccharide. Alteration either histological or histochemical in infected hepatopancreas are associated with the type of size of trematode larvae and degree of parasitism and these were greater in hepotopancreas infected with rediae than in sporocysts

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 Keywords

Histopathology, hepatopancreas, Lymnea luteola, cercaria, microcaeca

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 Abstract

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 Keywords

Nigella sativa, Miracle herb, Ranunculaceae, Habat-ul-Sauda, Thymoquinone, Tibb-e-Nabwi, Black seeds, Anti-diabetic, Antioxidant

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Indian economy, Industrial effluents, Hazardous wastes, TDS, Sulphate

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 Abstract

Menadione, (2 methyl 1,4 naphthoquinone) has a potential to be developed as an effective insecticide from quinone group, which is explored for its effect on non target species. In the light of this, the acute toxicity of Menadione was investigated in the present study for Gambusia affinis. Fishes were exposed to different concentrations (0.018 to 0.09 mg/L) of Menadione for 96 hrs. The acute toxicity value was found to be 0.0536 mg/L. Acute toxicity and behavioral patterns were studied in lethal and sub lethal concentrations. Gambusia exhibited several distinct behavioral patterns like, erratic swimming pattern, surfacing phenomenon, decreased sensitization, hemorrhage regions, decreased opercular movements, increased distance between gill and operculum, hypo-pigmentation and then hyper pigmentation before death. Fish in sublethal concentrations were found to be stressed but it was not fatal. Hence, it can be concluded that the present compound, Menadione has a potential to be developed as a safer and effective insecticide for non target species and the target species respectively. This acute toxicity value is 50 times higher than which is required for insecticidal property, so Menadione can be considered safe for aquatic non target species.

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 Keywords

Gambusia affinis, behavioral patterns, Menadione

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 Abstract

Population dynamics is the branch of biology that studies the size and age composition of particular population, and also studies the rate of vital events such as birth rate, death rate, migration & immigration. While studying population growth models one has to study formulation, analysis and application of models that describe the dynamics of biological populations. By plotting scatter diagram of bivariate data by taking time on X axis & population on Y axis we get tentative idea of growth models. They are mainly Linear, Exponential, Logistic & Gompertz curve. The most popular model is Logistic in which population grows slowly & grows exponentially. An increase in population is expected to cause depletion of resources of all types. The rate of increase may be lowered in such situation & reaches its saturation point which is species specific level. This is also called as sigmoidal growth model.

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 Keywords

Population Dynamics, Growth Models, Linear, Exponential, Logistic, Gompertz

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 Abstract

Water body contains variety of Zooplankton. These organisms by their adaptability are present in all possible environmental condition and are used as an indicator of pollution. Zooplankton diversity is one of the most important ecological parameter in water quality assessment. The Biodiversity of Zooplankton in water bodies shows a co-relation with reference to their occurrence and their physico-chemical factors. So in this study the attempt has been to evaluate the diversity of zooplankton at Chankapur dam, Nashik.

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 Keywords

Pollution, Parameter, Indicator

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Deproteination and demineralization are the two critical steps in the recovery of chitin from shrimp shells. Chitin is conventionally recovered from shrimp shells using NaOH and HCl for deproteination and decalcification respectively. Use of these chemicals cause environmental problems during disposal of waste water of the chitin recovery unit and sometimes may cause denaturation of chitin.To overcome this, in the present study for deproteination of shrimp shells, protease producing bacterial culture was checked for its efficiency to remove protein from white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) shells. Elemental analysis of head and abdominal part of the shrimp shell was done to find out chitin rich fraction. Efficient organism, capable of more deproteination efficiency (%) was identified as Vibrio metschnikovii strain Xmb057 and after antibiotic sensitivity checking it was found to be sensitive for majority of commonly prescribed antibiotics. For measuring deproteination efficiency (%), dry weight of shells and Nitrogen content of shrimp shells by Kjeldahl methodwas measured daily after drying. Protein Nitrogen removed was calculated by subtracting chitin Nitrogen from total Nitrogen. To check presence of amino acids in recovered protein, broth was hydrolyzedand analyzed for amino acid contentby Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC).

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 Keywords

Litopenaeus vannamei, Protease, deproteination, chitin recovery

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Zooplankton plays an important role in aquatic ecosystem. They are assisting the economically in fish culture. The zooplankton diversity in Salim Ali Lake of Aurangabad Maharashtra, India was observed from January, 2017 to December 2017. In this dam presence of culturable fishes were found. During the study period, we collected 35 species from 12 genera (Rotifers- 06, Cladocerans- 03, Copapodes- 02, and Ostracodes-01) of zooplanktons. The Rotifera was found dominated over Copepoda, Cladocera and Ostracoda species. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was made for distribution of the species, because the productivity of zooplankton turned into unique, it could be continuously implemented for aquaculture.

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 Keywords

Zooplanktons, physico-chemical parameter, Salim Ali Lake

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Two atomic sub-levels are considered within the frame work of compact density matrix formulism. The occurrence of electromagnetically induced transparency in a quantum well is observed in the present work. The intersubband electromagnetically induced transparency in the two level single quantum well is investigated theoretically. The taken system is GaAs sandwiched between the GaAlAs semiconducting material. The confinement potential and the well size of the quantum well are fixed. The conduction band subband energies and the eigenfunctions of the single electron and the hole in a Ga0.7Al0.3As/GaAs/Ga0.7Al0.3As quantum well are computed. The intersubband energies are calculated. The optical susceptibilities, the Rabi frequency and the detuning parameters are investigated in the present work. The interaction between the electromagnetic field and the taken semiconducting system is defined within the rotating wave approximation. The dependence of the nonlinearities on the Rabi frequency and detuning parameter is brought out.

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 Keywords

: Electromagnetically induced transparency, density matrix di?erential equations Rabi frequency, two level system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The order difference interval graph of a group G, denoted by ?_ODI (G), is a graph with V(?_ODI (G)=G and two vertices a and b are adjacent in ?_ODI (G) if and only if o(a)-o(b) ? [o(a),o(b) ]. Without loss of generality, assume that o(a)?o(b). In this paper, we try to classify all finite abelian groups whose order difference interval graphs are toroidal and projective.

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 Keywords

difference interval graph, finite group, planar, genus, crosscap

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition