Volume 10 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Intestinal bacteria are not only commensal, but they also undergo a synbiotic co-evolution along with their host, Beneficial intestinal bacteria have numerous and important functions, e.g., they produce various nutrients for their host. Prevent infections caused by intestinal pathogens, and modulate a normal immunological response. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiota in order to achieve, restore, and maintain favorable balance in the ecosystem, and the activity of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary for the improved health condition of the host. The introduction of probiotics, prebiotics, or syn-biotics into human diet, favorable for the intestinal microbiota. They may be consumed in the form of raw vegetables and fruit, fermented pickles, or dairy products.Another source may be pharmaceutical formulas and functional food. This paper provides a review of available information and summarises the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. The mechanism of beneficial action of those substances is discussed, and verified study results proving their efficacy in human nutrition are presented. Prebiotics may be used as an alternative to .The probiotics or as an additional support for them .different prebiotics will restoring the growth of different indigenous gut bacteria.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

prebiotics, probiotics, gut inflammation, Functional food.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Good governance and accountability of government towards its citizens has become the greatest challenge in any democratic country. Good governance is the basic essential of democracy. The freedom of expression, an inalienable right of citizen, which are guaranteed by many International covenants and national legislations. In the modern World, the right to information has become a basic or fundamental right in most of the civilized and democratic countries. The upsurge of killings of RTI activists, has raised a question about effective implementation of human rights and the right to information. Hence, in this paper, the author concentrates on the violations of human rights and implementation of RTI Act, 2005.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human Rights, Right to Information, RTI a Human Rights, Violation of Human Rights

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Omnipresent, Omnipotent, eminent, dynamic, dimension, chance, Fate, God, destiny, Wessex, immortalized, substance, mankind, imagery, fascinating, absorbing.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Amla plant is called as a medicinal plant or the natural gift for the human being to the promote disease free healthy life. Emblicaofficinalis is commonly called as aamla or the Indian gooseberry. They are found in the tropical region subtropical region. theamla fruit is contain so much amount of vitamin c it is vitamin c rich fruit. And they are containpolyphenols such as rutin, tannins, ellagic acid, flavonoids, gallic acid. Emblicaofficinalis are used Indian as a medicine to increase well power or the immune system. The emblicaofficinalis is a anti- inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, dental problem, respiratory peoblemotr the many other diseases. In this review we see the all information of amla foe the various disease and their medicinal important. The emblicaofficinalis are used in the disease of cancer, anemia, liver treatment, heart disease, ulcer, diabetis, leucorrhoea,jaundice, constipation, urinary problem, anti-dote or other various disease. The emblicaofficinalis is used as a antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, antitussive, cytoprotective, or the gastro protective. The effect of emblicaofficinalis antimicrobial, neutralizing snake venom.Application of the emblicaofficinalis lowering cholesterol level, memory enhancing, ophthalmic disorders.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Emblicaoffcinalis.Amla, Coronary, Conventional medicine,Amlaka.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fungal disease in plants is still challenging to control and require proper management practices. Fungal diseases cause severe economic losses due to their high speed of infection ability through spores followed by the destruction of plants and crops. However, a wide range of synthetic fungicides are available for the control of pathogens but their improper use can create hazardous effects for animals, humans and the environment. Findings of this study revealed that hydroalcoholic crude extract and partially purified benzene fraction exhibit effective inhibition ability against the test pathogen when the data compared with the values of standard fungicides used in the study as the positive control. Further this partially purified preparation (Benzene fraction) was used to formulte herbal formulation and checked for in vivo disease mangemnet of the host pathogen i.e. Alterneria alternate, a causal organism of early blight of tomato. It was done by foliar spray, seed dipping and soil amendment with bioformulation prepared from Moringa oleifera leaf extract in combination with neem oilcake and cow dung. . The preventive action was studied as a function of a decrease in disease severity, change in growth characteristics of host plant such as the number of leaves/plants, branches/plant, flower/plant, of fruit/plant, the weight of fruit of a healthy,infected and untreated plant. A significant control of Early blight disease was recorded with bio formulations treatment T3 [seeds were treated with partially purified benzene extract (4 ml): 100% castor oilcake (4 ml): 100% cow dung (2 ml)], T4 [seeds were treated with partially purified benzene extract (2 ml): 100% castor oil cake (4 ml): 100% cow dung (4 ml)], T2 [seeds were treated with 50% alcoholic crude extract (3 ml): 100% castor oil cake (4 ml): 100% cow dung(3 ml)] and T1 [seeds were treated with 50% alcoholic crude extract (2 ml): 100% castor oil cake (2 ml): 100% cow dung (6 ml)] as compared to other bioformulation treatments and its PDI and PEDC were recorded 15.4%, 16.08%, 17.6%, 22.20% and 78.61%, 76.66%, 75.50%,69.16%, respectively. Results showed that treatment with bioformulation treatment T3, notably increased plant height, number of leaves perplant, number of fruits per plant, the weight of fruits per plant, number of branches per plant and number of flowers per plant content followed by formulations number T4,T2,and T3. These bioformulations can be further explored for their target-specific disease prevention strategy. More and intense field experiments are required for their commercial and viable use in agricultural field conditions. Owing to their efficacy in the control of leaf blight disease of tomato plants, their industrial and commercial production for widespread application can be initiated in near future.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fungal disease, bioformulation, extract, target specific, growth parameter, in vivo

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The relationship between cultural traits and genes within a population is of increasing interest for cross-cultural psychologists. Using nations as our unit of analysis, we present evidence showing that a gene-culture co-evolution was moderated by the environment. More specifically, we identified a significant and strong correlation between the distribution of the allele version of the SLC6A4 serotonin transporter gene and the cultural dimension of Long Term Orientation. However, such a relationship existed only within populations that co-evolved in environments in which at least one major environmental threat (disease prevalence or natural catastrophes) was present. In environments without such threats, the relationship vanished, suggesting that SLC6A4 and Long Term Orientation tandem were actually undergoing a random drift without such threats. We also find evidence for two evolutionary equilibria in demanding environments, either nations evolved to be extremely short-term oriented and mainly having the long allele version of the SLC6A4 gene or being long-term oriented and having the short version of the gene, with intermediate values for the gene-culture tandem being the exception.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

gene-culture co-evolution, demanding environment, SLC6A4, serotonin transporter gene, long term orientation, disease prevalence, natural catastrophes, genetic drift

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract The sustainability of irrigated agriculture in India is in jeopardy due to the low performance of Irrigation systems, which leads to an inefficient use of land and water and to an agricultural production much below potential. The intention is to encourage efforts by individuals to take responsibility for the management of resources in the belief that individuals have greater stake and better information for making efficient resource allocations (Brewer et al 1997).Most of the schemes that this paper describes did not consider the release of water for the down stream users and environmental aspects which results water conflicts between the upstream and down stream users. All this design problems and challenge results the scheme to be unsustainable and frustrate on the farmers. Therefore, before design irrigation schemes, it should address the mentioned challenges. Irrigation improvement has been identified as one of the key factors responsible for improving agricultural production.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tunga Command Area, Water societies

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hydrotropy, bioavailability, permeability, solubility, lipophilic drug

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Architectural style and design of the Forts of Rajasthan exhibits as special and unique one related to regional historical Rajputana Traditions and customs. Each fort has its own history of Power, Prestige, War and Defensive Strategy. The Churu Fort of north Rajasthan is famous due to the past event of Battlement whereby the Silver Balls were fired from its ramparts, instead of Iron balls/shells. The civilian peoples were collected large quantity of silver metal to make shells. The Balls were fired on enemy attackers during war of 1814 AD and got victory. The aim of the study is multidisciplinary interpretation of Historical Rajputana Fortification, Defence strategy and Cultural Heritages of Rajasthan. Under methodology, the recent Satellite Imagery of the Churu Region has been interpreted, Fort precincts and Internal structures have been demarcated and correlated with historical events of the region available in the literatures. The study indicates that square shaped Defensive Hindu Fort is still intact, and construction was carried out adopting the Rajputana style of Fortification. The Merchant Havelis of city area reflects the wealth, power and prestige of Rajasthan. It needs conservation and some protective measures is necessary to preserve the Cultural and Religious Heritages (CRH) of the region.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

- RAJPUTANA ARCHITECTURE, HINDU CHURU FORT, SILVER BALL BATTLE, THAR DESERT, RAJASTHAN , CULTURAL HERITAGES

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Clinical trials is a testing research of a new drug safety and efficacy. Pre-clinical studies starts before clinical trials. In pre-clinical trial may look at whether a drug is safe or the side effects it causes; later trials aim to test whether a new treatment is better than existing treatment. Clinical trials study on different phases that are phase 0, 1,2,3,4. Main purpose of phase 0 to help speed up and streamline the drug approved the process. In phase 1 trials to find out about closes and side effects. A phase 2 clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a new drug or drug combination for a particular indication. Then in phase 3 study that tests the safety and how well a new treatment works compared with a standard treatment. The main objective of phase 4 trials is to check the drug's performance in real life scenarios. The Phase 4 studies include all studies performed after drug approved and related to the approved indication.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Clinical trials, Pre-clinical studies, Clinical studies, NDA, ICH-GCP guidelines

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition