Volume 12 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Urbanization is a defining feature of the 21st century, with a rapidly growing global population increasingly gravitating towards cities. The allure of urban life is undeniable, offering economic opportunities, cultural richness, and a high standard of living. However, this relentless urban expansion brings with it a multitude of challenges, chief among them being the efficient management of municipal services, particularly the handling and treatment of wastewater. The design of a sewer system is a cornerstone of urban infrastructure, integral to the health, well-being, and environmental sustainability of a community. It is a complex and multifaceted endeavor that demands meticulous planning, engineering ingenuity, and a deep commitment to safeguarding both public health and the environment. The modern sewer system is far removed from its historical counterparts, having evolved into a sophisticated network of conveyance and treatment facilities designed to mitigate the risks posed by untreated wastewater and stormwater runoff. This thesis embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the design and optimization of a sustainable urban sewer system. It delves into the intricacies of a sewer system's components, from its initial planning and hydraulic modeling to the selection of materials and treatment technologies. The central focus is not just on functionality but on the integration of environmentally conscious and resource-efficient principles, aligning with the imperatives of our times. As we stand at the intersection of rapid urbanization, climate change, and resource scarcity, the need for innovative, adaptable, and sustainable sewer systems has never been more pressing. This thesis seeks to contribute to the growing body of knowledge and practice in urban infrastructure design, offering insights and solutions that not only meet the current needs of our cities but also pave the way for resilient, eco-friendly, and forward-looking sewer systems capable of serving generations to come.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sewer , waste water, design

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study aims to explore the multifaceted challenges encountered by working women in the formal sector during menstruation in Chennai city, India. Menstruation is a biological process that impacts various aspects of women's lives, including their work dynamics, social interactions, and overall well-being. Despite its significance, menstruation remains a taboo subject in many societies, leading to a lack of understanding and support for women experiencing menstrual issues in the workplace. By shedding light on the experiences of working women in Chennai during menstruation, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the intersection between gender, work, and reproductive health. The findings will inform policymakers, employers, and advocacy groups about the importance of creating supportive and inclusive environments for menstruating employees in the formal sector. Ultimately, the goal is to promote gender equality and workplace well-being by addressing the unique challenges faced by women during menstruation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PROBLEMS FACED BY WORKING WOMEN IN THE FORMAL SECTOR DURING MENSTRUATION

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Retaining the privacy, integrity and security of records stored inside the cloud server has end up increasingly more important as cloud storage services are used extra often. Using encryption techniques to encrypt data before uploading it to the cloud is one way to solve this problem. However, because the data must first be decrypted, typical encryption techniques make it more difficult to search for and retrieve certain information from the encrypted data. The effectiveness and utility of cloud storage solutions are hampered by this restriction. To overcome this challenge, this research propose a novel approach for keyword based search on encrypted data in cloud storage using an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) encryption approach. By leveraging the ECC encryption approach, the proposed solution ensures the confidentiality of data stored in the cloud while enabling efficient keyword-based search operations without the need for decryption. This approach utilizes a combination of cryptographic techniques such as ECC encryption and index structures to enable efficient keyword search operations on the encrypted data. Develop a secure search system that supports multi-keyword ranking searches over encrypted cloud data as well. A secure index is generated during the encryption process, which allows for efficient retrieval of encrypted data related to specific keywords. Based on the search keyword ranking method, the index of the keyword was dynamically updated. The encrypted data remains confidential, as only authorized users possess the necessary decryption keys to retrieve the plaintext information. The results demonstrate that the keyword search on encrypted data in cloud storage using the ECC encryption approach achieves a balance between data privacy and search functionality. Also implement blockchain technology for enhancing the database security. The solution offers an effective means to securely store and retrieve data from the cloud while ensuring that sensitive information remains protected from unauthorized access.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cloud Data Storage, Data Encryption, Multi Keyword Creation, Index Generation, Keyword Ranking, Index Update, Verifiable Data Sharing.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Understanding the mystery of nature on the test of logic, pondering and creating a new civilization for mankind on a global scale through new experiments is called science. During the journey from primitive man to civilized man we have passed through many stages. Philosophies, scriptures and spiritual texts are full of praises of creation, but the tendency to reduce them to external rituals has blinded our understanding of them. This is the reason why it seems hollow to us. Today, when we look at it through a special and unique perspective of science or redefine it, we are dazzled by the mysteries and mysteries in it. The main reason for this is that the human consciousness can study cause and relationship in greater detail than any other species has ever been able to do. As human consciousness evolved it descended deeper into it. This is the reason why today our science has been able to understand the combination of microscopic elements in a small molecule. When the scientist travels towards the extremes, he discovers the deepest mysteries of creation. By creating harmony in harmony and uniformity with spirituality, he becomes enthralled in knowing and obeying the uniqueness and uniqueness in it and establishes unity with it.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Spiritual, science, nature, mystery, nature, philosophy, meaningless.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The implementation of a Dynamic Toll Collection System using Number Plate Recognition (NPR) represents a transformative advancement in toll booth management and fee collection. The main parts of this system are the following: a large database with vehicle and toll rate information; automated payment gates; secure payment processing mechanisms; high-resolution cameras strategically positioned at toll booths; and NPR software that reliably recognizes vehicle number plates. The cameras in the system record the license plate of a car as it approaches the toll booth. Based on camera quality, distance can be measured. We can capture number plate at day or night time and analyzed the data as image. Number plate data Comparison done with help of character segmentation and character recognition using Optical Character Recognition algorithm. After successful comparison, one time password generated and automatically verify that send to user mobile. The automatic payment gate opens and permits uninterrupted vehicle passage if the car's number plate is connected to a working payment method using OTP verification system. The user receives a payment confirmation after a toll fee is automatically subtracted. By doing away with the necessity for cash transactions, this method not only improves security but also drastically cuts down on the time and effort needed for toll collection. And can also add other number as secondary access in toll entry system. After adding number, OTP can be sent to secondary person. If there is delay in OTP or wrong OTP means, automatically send alert to police about Theft vehicle. This Dynamic Toll Collection System provides an efficient, scalable, and user-friendly solution for contemporary toll booth management with the integration of secure payment processing and the capacity to manage an extensive database of cars and their associated toll fees. Experimental results shows that proposed work provide high level accuracy in number plate recognition.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Character segmentation, Number plate Recognition, One time password, Toll collection system, Video surveillance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper attempts to study the displacement ache in the selected poems of Meena Kandasamy and rupi kaur, two contemporary Indian English poets. It will highlight the experiences and aches of two different kinds of displacements- physical as well psychological- suffered by both the poets in their personal lives and by the people especially women of their societies and communities, expressed through their poems. Physical displacement refers to the individuals leaving their native lands and getting settled in other countries, and psychological displacement means diversion of mind. These poets belong to different castes and religions. Though their basic issues related to women and a few other sections of society are similar yet they have their individual styles to share their own experiences of struggle, suffering and success. Displacement, alienation, discrimination, oppression of Dalits, survival struggles of the diaspora in the new lands of relocation, nostalgia, language of the new land, migrant women being victims of white superiority, identity crises and many other dilemmas faced by displaced individuals are the major issues discussed in this paper.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Displacement, Alienation, Oppression, Marginalization, Ache

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Agricultural robotics Centered on designing robots tailored for the unique demands of farming, represents a transformative frontier in modern agriculture. This research paper explores the landscape of robots dedicated to agricultural applications, investigating Their influence on effectiveness, sustainability, and the overall evolution of farming practices. The literature review explores current research, emphasizing innovations in autonomous tractors, robotic harvesting systems, and solutions for weed and pest management.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Design, Agri Bot, Python, Pygame

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Experimental study to assess the effectiveness of selected home remedies in reducing the pain and discomfort in primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in a selected high school at Indore. Primary dysmenorrhea is thought to afflict 50-90% of the world's young female population. Methods: An evaluatory research approach with one group pretest post-test design was used for the present study. Sample consisted of 60 adolescent girls between the age group of 12-15 years with primary dysmenorrhea who met the inclusion criteria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Tools used were verbal descriptive pain rating scale and rating scale. Two selected home remedies ( triphala and Ashoka Saraca) were administered for 45 days till the next menstruation. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank co-relation and't' test. Result: A significant difference found in the pain score (t(59) = 9.77, p< 0.05) and discomforts scores. (t(59) = 18.87, p<0.05) before and after administration of home remedies. The area wise distribution showed that there is significant difference in areas of physical, social and psychological areas of responses [t(59) = 5.52, t(59)= 3.58, t(59)=4.25, p< 0.05Conclusion : Home remedies were simple, cost effective, easy to prepare and administer without adverse effects. There was no significant difference found between the selected variables and discomfort of dysmenorrhea. Spearman's rank correlation showed that there is negative co-relation between pain and discomfort in primary dysmenorrhea.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key word: Primary Dysmenorrhea, Pain, Discomfort, Home Remedies.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The non-linear propagation of dust-acoustic (DA) waves in a unmagnetized dusty plasma with finite temperature degeneracy of inertialess electrons and kappa distribution ions is studied. Using the standard reductive perturbation technique, a nonlinear Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) like equation is derived. The effects of kappa-distributed ions and the parameter T=T_d/T_e on the profiles of the amplitudes and widths of the solitary structures are examined numerically. It is found that k plays a significant role in the formation of bright solitons and dark solitons

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dust-acoustic (DA) waves, Degenerate plasmas, Solitary waves, KdV equation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as revised in 2012, defines rights for numerous parties, including music composers and producers. The breadth and degree of directors' moral and economic rights are critically examined in this research, emphasising their moral and economic rights. The research compares India's situation to worldwide practices, outlining opportunities for development and change. The findings point to a balanced strategy that values director contributions while maintaining economic viability and industry growth. The article closes with proposals for strengthening the recognition and protection of directorial authorship rights in India, therefore building a more fair cinematic ecology. This research study explores the legal status of director authorship rights in Indian cinematographic films.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Copyright, Cinematographic Film, Director, Authorship, Ownership

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition