Volume 13 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

This study explains Trent Limited, a prominent retail arm of the Tata Group, has demonstrated strong financial performance in recent years, making it a standout in India's competitive retail sector. The company has achieved consistent revenue growth, driven by the success of its popular brands like Westside and Zudio, which cater to affordable, trendy fashion. Trent's strategic store expansions and focus on customer-centric offerings have significantly boosted its market presence. Despite challenges such as economic fluctuations and shifting consumer behavior, the company has maintained healthy profit margins through efficient cost management and operational excellence. Its ability to adapt to market trends, including the growing demand for online shopping, has further strengthened its financial position. Trent's performance reflects a blend of innovation, strategic planning, and execution, making it a resilient and growth-oriented player in the retail industry. This financial stability and growth trajectory make Trent an excellent case study for understanding successful retail management in a dynamic market.

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JEL Classification Code: D6, D60.

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Benchmarking is a systematic process of comparing an organization's performance metrics, processes, and practices against industry standards or best practices to identify areas for improvement. This paper explores the concept of benchmarking, its types, methodologies, and its role in driving organizational excellence. Through case studies and statistical analysis, the paper highlights the benefits and challenges of benchmarking and provides recommendations for effective implementation.

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Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Case Studies, Discussion

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Background: Substance abuse among students, particularly those in healthcare disciplines, is a growing public health concern. Pharmacy students, despite their knowledge of drug safety and adverse effects, remain vulnerable to substance abuse due to academic stress, peer influence, and easy access to medications. This study investigates the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse among pharmacy students and examines associated risk factors. Aim & Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence, patterns, and motivations for substance abuse among pharmacy students. It also seeks to identify the impact of academic pressure and social influences on substance use and explore potential intervention strategies. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Loknete Shri Dada Patil Pharate College of Pharmacy, Pune pharmacy students. A pre-tested, self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic details, substance use patterns, frequency of use, motivations, and side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with chi-square tests applied to assess associations between substance use and various factors. Results: Among 200 participants, 29% reported substance use, with alcohol (88%) being the most commonly used substance, followed by tobacco (52%) and marijuana (31%). Substance use was more prevalent among males (p < 0.001) and students aged 20-25 years (p = 0.002). Key motivators included peer pressure (52%), stress (45%), and academic pressure (31%). Significant associations were observed between substance use and adverse effects such as sleep disorders (21%) and nausea (17%). Conclusion: The study highlights a concerning prevalence of substance abuse among pharmacy students, primarily influenced by peer pressure and academic stress. Targeted interventions, including awareness campaigns, counseling services, and institutional policies, are essential to mitigate risks and promote healthier coping mechanisms. Addressing these concerns will help ensure the development of responsible and ethically sound healthcare professionals.

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Substance Abuse, Pharmacy Students, Academic Stress, Peer Influence

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Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) represent one of the most dynamic and sensitive sectors of the Indian economy due to their significant contributions to employment and exports. This paper examines the various challenges faced by MSMEs in India through an analytical approach based a sample study. The research focuses on MSME units in Mukkam Municipality, Kerala, using a well-structured questionnaire for data collection. In addition to tabular analysis, statistical tools such as cross-tabulation and the Pearson chi-square test are used to interpret the data. The study reveals that many entrepreneurs have limited access to capital and tend to concentrate on the manufacturing sector. The key findings highlight the scarcity of service sector enterprises and the financial difficulties commonly encountered by most businesses in this municipality.Moreover, government policies significantly influence the performance of this sector. A lack of awareness about the available opportunities within the MSME sector also poses a considerable challenge.

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Method of production process, Natures of enterprises , Nature of product,Type of banks providing loans,Wage rate system, Selling methods, Marketing support from government.

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Access to affordable housing finance remains a significant challenge in rural India, particularly for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and Low-Income Groups (LIG). Despite government initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), rural borrowers face difficulties due to lack of formal income documentation, high credit risks, and limited banking infrastructure. This study, conducted in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, examines the interest rates, fees, and challenges faced by borrowers in obtaining home loans. Using chi-square and ANOVA tests, the findings reveal that occupation influences loan application experiences, while age significantly impacts the understanding of loan terms and approval complexity. Older borrowers struggle more with these processes compared to younger ones. The study suggests enhancing financial literacy, simplifying loan procedures, and providing personalized support to improve accessibility. By adopting these measures, financial institutions can bridge the housing finance gap in rural areas.

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Housing finance, Affordable housing, Rural India, Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), Low-Income Groups (LIG), Loan application process, Financial institutions, Housing loan challenges

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Abstract: This paper sheds light on the courageous life of Bibi Basant Lata, a devoted Sikh woman who played a crucial role in the Sikh resistance against the Mughal Empire during Guru Gobind Singh's era (1666-1708 CE). Through a critical examination of historical sources, this research reveals Bibi Basant Lata's bravery, strategic thinking, and devotion to the Sikh cause. Her contributions, including providing shelter and support to Sikh warriors, demonstrate the significant role women played in the Sikh struggle for freedom and survival. This study aims to recover Bibi Basant Lata's story, highlighting her unsung heroism and the importance of women's participation in shaping Sikh history.

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Keywords: Bibi Basant Lata, Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh resistance, Mughal Empire, women's history, Sikhism.

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This research article explores the perceptions of Mathematics teachers regarding the challenges and strategies involved in teaching secondary and higher secondary school students. Mathematics, often perceived as a complex and abstract subject, poses unique pedagogical challenges. This study aims to shed light on the experiences, attitudes, and strategies of teachers who navigate the intricacies of teaching mathematics to students at this crucial stage of their education.

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Mathematics, Perception of teacher, Current Syllabus.

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Let f be a function from the vertices of G to {0,1} and for each edge xy assign the label |f (x) - f (y)|. The function f is called cordial labeling of G if the number of vertices labelled 0 and the number of vertices labelled 1 differ by at most 1, and the number of edges labelled 0 and number of edges labelled differ at most by 1. In this paper, we have proved that Pentagonal snake graph, Ice - cream graph, Alternative pentagonal snake graph admit cordial labeling.

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Cordial labeling, Ice - cream graph, Pentagonal snake graph, Alternative pentagonal snake graph.

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Lantana Kamara is a flowering plant that arrived in India in a family of the Veneca family. A study of knowledge and scientific chemical principles of traditional medicine and medicinal plants could lead to the discovery of newer, cheaper medicines. Lantana Kamara is known to heal several illnesses and be used in various medical preparations for people. Over the past decades, scientists and researchers around the world have been examining the chemical composition of the entire L plant in detail. Kamala and biological pharmacological activities. These studies determined the treatment potential of Lantana Kamala by transdermal drug collection. The main goal of developing alternative new forms of doses is to reduce patient-induced inconveniences/problems and increase drug efficacy, success and protection. The aim of this evolution is to develop adhesive patches by integrating herbal sources. Although synthetic drugs are developed to treat complex diseases, these drugs are associated with many side effects. This is where nature works, and the herbal sauce on the other side is more effective, safer and easier to get. The current review provides bird's-eye views of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of l. Camera Herbal Transdermal Patches offer a variety of evaluations including thickness, folding time, physical appearance, weight uniformity, moisture content, drug content, flatness, hygroscopicity, pH, in vitro drug release and stability studies.

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: Lantana Weed, Herbal transdermal patch, verbenaceae.

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Shatapushpa is one of the most important & a widely used herbal drug in various female disorders. It is the most useful, popular, important ayurvedic medicines for woman since ancient times. Ayurveda describes the tridosha siddhanta which originated and developed from the principles of panchamahabhootas. From these principles, the ideas of dosha - dhatu-mala were integrated after a study of the human body. Thus the science of dosha - dhatu-mala developed basic principles of this science like the principle of samanya - vishesha which based on dravya. In Kashyapasamhita maharshi kashyapa described the very wonder drug shatapushpa in kalpasthana under the heading of shatapushpa shatawari kalpadhyaya. In present era, because of change in life style, food habit, workload, women faces lots of stress and strain. This ultimately causes influence on hormones causing disorders related to reproductive organs. Various research studies at present reveal many major chemical constituent present in this drug are useful as described by maharshi kashyapa.

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Ayurveda,Rituchakra,,Avarana, Shatapushpa,Yonivyapat

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition