Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Renewable energy is derived from natural, replenishing sources like sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat. One common method for harnessing solar energy is the Solar Tracking System, which maximizes power generation by adjusting the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun. This system uses Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) to detect sunlight intensity and align the panels accordingly. The solar panels capture the sunlight, convert it into electricity, and store the energy in a battery. The stored energy can then be used to power electrical devices, making it a simple and efficient way to generate clean, renewable energy.

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Renewable Energy Solar Tracking System Solar Panel Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) Photovoltaic (PV) Array Microcontroller (Arduino, PIC, ESP32) Motor Driver (L298N, L293D) DC Motor Stepper Motor Servo Motor Energy Efficiency Solar Power Generation Sustainable Energy Single-Axis Solar Tracking Dual-Axis Solar Tracking Power Output Automation

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Background SMA syndrome is a rare case of upper GI obstruction rapid weight loss can be implicated in this syndrome timely intervention of nutritional support prevents malnutrition and its related problems. SMA is a surgical emergency during treatment most of the patients require nutritional Treatment with multidisciplinary team care. However, achieving the nutritional goal may be not always possible. So our study aimed to investigate the nutritional management of the patient who was operated on for an acute mesenteric artery. It maintains with non-specific syndromes like nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and epigastric pain and it if left untreated can result us significant imbalance and other mortalities associated with malnutrition. Aim To improve the survival rate and also to improve the quality of life through a customized medical nutrition therapy plan. Materials and Methods For patients who were diagnosed and hospitalized for acute mesenteric ischemia, the Nutritional management of patients was studied in terms of hospital length of stay, mortality rate, and achieving of nutritional goals. A 39-year-old female was admitted with a complaint of abdominal pain for the past 1 week with c/o of vomiting for 3*4 episodes per day for the past 2 days with food particles with a h/o of co-morbidity diabetic for the past 10 years on medication. On admission as evaluated for the present complaint with a CT abdomen which revealed a complaint of splenic superior mesenteric vessel thrombosis Surgical Management For which we underwent explanatory laparotomy with ileocecal resection splenectomy ileostomy, suprarenal aortic thrombectomy SMA embolectomy on time admission. The biochemical parameters revealed anemia (HB-7.6) and other parameters were clinically revealed normal. Dietary Management POD-1 initiated On TPN@40ml/hr followed by TPN is gradual to 50 ml by POD-5 ileostomy put was moderate which were able to meet around 68% of calorie to 68% of protein respectively. By POD 6 along with TPN entternal nutrition was indicated where she was started with semi elemental feeds@30ml/hr progressively increased by POD11 were able to meet around 70 % of calorie and protein respectively Contiusoly ileostomy output was increased to 900ml.1500ml respectively. By POD 13 to 39 she was on enteral nutrition and IV amino acids were given to meet the protein requirement. Prevent further management of hypoalbumin throughout POD 12 to 39 average of 2.5 liter of ileostomy output. To prevent electrolyte loss through ileostomy IV fluids were also given to maintain the +ve balance and electrolyte conversion was given simultaneously. Conclusion The management of nutritional treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia patients is challenging. Achieving the nutritional goals may not be possible in many patients.

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Keywords: Mesenteric ischemia, short bowel syndrome, parenteral nutrition

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Tata Motors, a key player in the Indian automobile industry, operates in an evolving global market where branding is crucial for differentiation and long-term sustainability. Rapid technological advancements, shifting consumer expectations, and environmental concerns are transforming the industry. This study examines the branding challenges and opportunities Tata Motors faces as it strives to strengthen its position in the global automotive landscape. Key aspects explored include digital transformation, sustainability marketing, and electric vehicle adoption. Additionally, the research assesses Tata Motors' branding strategies, consumer perception, and competitive positioning in relation to leading global automakers. Through an extensive review of branding trends, market positioning tactics, and external influences such as regulations and economic shifts, this study aims to provide insights into how Tata Motors can enhance its brand equity. The findings emphasize the importance of technological innovation, strategic marketing, and customer engagement in shaping Tata Motors' branding efforts. By identifying areas for improvement and growth, this research offers recommendations for Tata Motors to optimize its branding approach and establish itself as a prominent force in the global automotive industry.

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Automobile,Global Market,Sustainability,Digital Transformation,Electric vehicle,Economic shifts.,Tecnological innovation.

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This study explores the novel application of mixed hydrotropic Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to separate Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride (HCl) and Aceclofenac. Traditional methods employ organic solvents, which pose environmental and health risks. This research uses a combination of hydrotropic agents such as sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, and urea to enhance the aqueous solubility of the drugs, facilitating a green and cost-effective chromatographic method. The developed method demonstrated clear separation with an optimized mobile phase composition.

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Cyclobenzaprine HCl, Aceclofenac, Thin Layer Chromatography, Hydrotropy, Mixed Hydrotropic Solubilization

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Labs are the important part of the curriculum for the enhancing the mastery on the subject knowledge and it also provide the environment for the developing the scientific reasoning ability, increasing the understanding of the complexibility of the subject, developing the practical skills, creating the scientific attitudes. In the digital area the process are changed and now we have internet facilities and technology so we developed the software that include the lab experiment online known as virtual labs. Virtual labs (VL) have become a valuable asset for educational organizations, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research is to examine the obstacles and difficulties related to accessibility in virtual laboratories and to suggest possible ways to get around them. These labs address the accessibility and inclusivity of scientific education by enabling students to conduct experiments with practical applications without requiring physical equipment. For students without access to traditional laboratories, the introduction of virtual labs--like smart science labs--has created new opportunities by offering hands-on training and practice. Virtual laboratories are still not completely accessible, especially for students with disabilities Additionally, it highlights the necessity of incorporating accessibility features and universal design principles into virtual lab platforms to make them inclusive and accessible to students with a range of learning needs and abilities. According to the research, user-to-user explicit interactions are a crucial component of virtual labs that support improved instruction. Moreover, the absence of high-quality, current lab experiments has been a significant barrier to engineering education; however, the use of virtual labs may be able to overcome this issue. In order to meet the varied requirements of students, including those with disabilities, the study also emphasizes the significance of adaptive technologies, individualized learning experiences, and collaborative learning opportunities in virtual labs. By implementing these suggestions, academic institutions and technology developers might endeavour to guarantee that all students have equitable access to virtual labs, giving them the chance to participate in scientific investigations and educational opportunities. Virtual laboratories are a crucial part of making Digital India's goal of a technologically advanced country a reality in the educational system. This study captures the development of virtual labs, tracing their path from the beginning to their current critical position in the accessibility of scientific education. We need some more improvements but definitely we can say that we are on the right path to achieve the desired goals.

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Digital India, Virtual Labs, Simulation, Problems and remedies

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Weather forecasting is a critical task with wide-ranging applications in agriculture, disaster management, energy planning, and transportation. Traditional forecasting methods, such as numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, rely on physical equations to simulate atmospheric processes. While effective, these models face challenges related to computational complexity, sensitivity to initial conditions, and difficulties in capturing non-linear relationships in weather data. In recent years, deep learning has emerged as a transformative tool for weather prediction, leveraging the power of neural networks to analyze historical data and identify complex temporal and spatial patterns. This paper explores the application of deep learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and transformers, in predicting future weather conditions. The study examines the preprocessing of weather datasets, including satellite imagery, sensor readings, and reanalysis data, to prepare them for neural network training. It evaluates the performance of deep learning models against traditional approaches, using metrics like mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Results show that deep learning models often outperform traditional methods in accuracy, particularly for short-term and extreme weather event predictions. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data scarcity, model interpretability, and computational demands persist. The paper concludes by discussing future directions, including the integration of deep learning with physical models, advancements in explainable AI, and techniques to address data limitations.

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Weather forecasting, deep learning, neural networks, temperature prediction, precipitation

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The Old Man and the Sea' is a simple story consisting of only three characters Santiago, an old fisherman, Marlin, a huge fish and the minor character Manolin, a small boy. The whole story revolves around former two characters Santiago and Marlin. It shows the three days epic battle between a giant fish (Marlin) and a helpless old man (Santiago) who is struggling with his misfortune. After 84 days of bad luck Santiago is able to catch marlin on 85th day but she was not an ordinary fish. She was bulky enough to overturn Santiago's boat on the other hand Santiago was determined he will win over Marlin by hook or by crook. How Hemingway blended this beautiful story with the theme of struggle, survival and optimism is briefly explained in this article.

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Optimism, Giant, Companionship, existence, overturn and by hook or by crook.

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This review aims to analyse the existing body of literature on passenger satisfaction with railway services, with a particular focus on the amenities provided by various railway systems worldwide. The review identifies key factors that influence passenger satisfaction, including cleanliness, comfort, accessibility, punctuality, and customer service. The review highlights the role of passenger amenities such as seating arrangements, food services, sanitation facilities, and waiting areas in shaping passenger perceptions. Furthermore, it discusses various methodologies employed in measuring passenger satisfaction, such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of continuous evaluation of amenities to enhance passenger experience and recommends the implementation of modern technologies to improve service quality. The study synthesizes literature on the factors that contribute to passenger satisfaction, focusing on the gap between what passengers expect and what they experience. It identifies key amenities such as cleanliness, comfort, food options, and accessibility, which are often linked to higher levels of satisfaction. The review also highlights challenges faced by railway systems in meeting passenger expectations, including infrastructure limitations and service inconsistencies. Finally, the review suggests strategies for improving passenger amenities, such as implementing passenger feedback systems and upgrading infrastructure, to better align services with passenger expectations.

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Customer Perception ,Customer Satisfaction, Passenger Amenities, Indian Railways

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As cloud-based data synchronization becomes ubiquitous, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive information across distributed platforms remains a critical challenge. Traditional cloud synchronization services often rely on insufficient encryption practices, exposing data to vulnerabilities during transit, storage, and multi-device access. This paper introduces Secure Sync, a novel framework designed to enhance cloud data synchronization through advanced encryption protocols and robust key management. By integrating end-to-end encryption (E2EE) with a hybrid cryptographic approach--combining AES-256 for efficient bulk data encryption and RSA-4096 for secure key exchange--Secure Sync ensures that data remains protected at all stages. The system employs a dynamic key distribution mechanism, enabling secure collaboration across users while maintaining granular access control. Additionally, it incorporates cryptographic hashing for integrity verification and conflict resolution protocols that operate on encrypted metadata, eliminating exposure of plaintext during synchronization. Performance evaluations demonstrate that Secure Sync maintains low latency and high scalability, even for large-scale enterprise environments, without compromising security. The framework adheres to zero-knowledge principles, ensuring compliance with stringent data privacy regulations such as GDPR and HIPAA. By addressing the trade-off between security and usability, Secure Sync offers a viable solution for industries handling sensitive data, fostering trust in cloud ecosystems through mathematically rigorous protection against evolving cyber threats.

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End-to-End Encryption (E2EE),Cloud Data Security, Synchronization Protocols, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), Zero-Knowledge Encryption, Data Integrity Verification, TLS/SSL Encryption, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA),Key Management Systems (KMS),Homomorphic Encryption, Differential Synchronization, Client-Side Encryption, Hybrid Encryption (Symmetric/Asymmetric),Real-Time Data Sync

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The nineteenth century was defined by the focus on rights and wrongs of Indian women while the discernable feature of twentieth century was the advent of female activism. This transition of women from the fringes towards center is attributed to efforts of modernizing reformists like B.R Ambedkar whose discourse is heavily loaded with women related issues and explicit desire for their emancipation. Upliftment of women was a part of his wider vision of restructuring an egalitarian social order. He sketched the origin of female subjugation in traditions of Brahmanical Hinduism and injunctions of lawgiver Manu. This made him repudiate the social edifice based on Hindu orthodoxy and champion reforms for socio legal equality of women. This paper is an insightful study which seeks to investigate how women were positioned in the political philosophy of B.R Ambedkar by poring over his writings and speeches. It also explores Ambedkar's critique of ancient Hindu texts and highlights his contribution in ameliorating the condition of the fair sex through appropriate legislations and constitutional provisions.

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Reforms, Caste, women emancipation, education, political movements, constitutional provisions, legislation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition