Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

India is experiencing a significant shift toward digital financial systems, with digital currencies emerging as a transformative force in the economy. The introduction of the Digital Rupee (Central Bank Digital Currency, CBDC) by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), along with the increasing use of cryptocurrencies, is reshaping financial transactions, banking systems, and consumer behavior. This paper examines the socio-economic impact of digital currency in India, highlighting its potential benefits such as financial inclusion, efficiency, and transparency. Additionally, it discusses challenges including regulatory concerns, cybersecurity threats, and the digital divide. The study concludes that while digital currencies have the potential to drive economic transformation, their adoption requires careful regulatory oversight and digital literacy initiatives to ensure secure and inclusive financial participation.

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 Keywords

Digital Rupee, Cryptocurrency, Financial Inclusion, Cashless Economy, RBI, Blockchain

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is a very densely populated country with population over 1.25 billion people and experiences natural hazards like floods and drought simultaneously at the same time in the country causing severe damages because of its different geographical terrains. Earthquakes, cyclones, and landslides are other natural calamities, which affect the various parts of the Country on one or more occasions. Uttarakhand, predominantly a hilly State, also experiences floods, landslides and earthquakes very often. The Devi Bhoomi of India, Uttarakhand is one of the major pilgrimage sites in India with devotees coming from across the globe, yet the states have to face major wraths of God in the form of natural calamities such as flash floods, cloud bursts, earthquakes, etc. The average rainfall of Uttarakhand state is 1299mm which results in constant flooding in low-lying areas like Chamoli, Bageshwar, etc. Climate variability and change, as well as the likelihood of negative effects on the intensity and frequency of flooding, necessitate a long-term solution. Thus, there is a constant need for sustainable approaches for flood protection and management which uses not only large structural flood defenses like dams, storage reservoirs, and embankments but also advance GIS techniques, WSN for Glacier Lake Outburst, etc. This paper discusses various aspects of management for floods which can be used in a state like Uttarakhand like, Integrated Flood Management (IFM), Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques, Structural and Non - Structural Flood Protection Measuresand Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for Flood Management.

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 Keywords

Floods, Disasters, Cloud Bursts, Uttarakhand, GIS, WSN, Flood Defense Structures.

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Over the past decades, online networks have played an indispensable role in daily lives. More and more people have utilized social media networks for not only communications but also connecting with brands. With the tremendous growth of social media in recent years, it has been leveraged to boost company sales and, most importantly, build Customers relationships. There is plenty of research or study about the relationship between online networks and consumer purchasing decisions: about 71% of Customers buying decisions have been influenced by social media (Aleh, 2020). It determined that people are heavily affected by social media when deciding on purchasing.The purpose of this study is to examine how online social networks affect to Customers purchasing decision process, how an individual is attending, selecting information on social media before purchasing a decision.

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Keywords: Social media, Consumer's behavior, decision making process

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The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes skill-based education as a trans-formative approach to enhance employ ability and bridge the gap between academic knowledge and industry requirements. This paper critically analyzes the effectiveness of NEP 2020 in promoting skill development, focusing on its impact on higher education curricula, vocational training programs, and real-world application of knowledge. By assessing policy implementation, stakeholder perspectives, and employment outcomes, this study explores how NEP 2020 fosters practical competencies and prepares graduates for evolving job markets. The paper also identifies challenges in integrating skill-based education and suggests strategies for maximizing its effectiveness in creating a job-ready workforce.

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 Keywords

Skill based education, Vocational training programs, stakeholders practical competencies.

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The Mughal Empire has an important place in the history of India. The chronology of the Mughal Empire is mainly from 1526 to 1707. In the given research paper, Akbar andAurangzeb's religious policies, their causes and their effects have been discussed. This research paper explains how Akbar's efficient and liberal religious policy influenced the He gave the message of Hindu-Muslim unity and established a stable empire, whereas, on the other hand, due to Aurangzeb's fanatic religious policy, there were rebellions during his time and his empire collapsed.

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 Keywords

Jizya, Ibadat Khana, Deen Ilahi, religious conversion, Islamic fanaticism, religious tolerance, Mughal empire.

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The Silk Road Achievement test has been constructed and standardized to measure the XI standard student's. The items were constructed based on Multiple Choice question. Initially, the scale consists of 50 items. The pilot study was conducted with 9 students of XI standard students who are studying higher secondary schools located in kundrathur of Kancheepuram District. The sample for pilot study were selected randomly. The responses collected were analyzed by using statistical techniques. The scores of the item that satisfies 't' value alone were taken for the main study. Out of fifty items, only items thirty-three were not selected, and seventeen items were selected for the main study.

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 Keywords

Computerized Demonstration Approach, English Language Teaching, Technology-Integrated Learning, Student Engagement, Digital Pedagogy, Secondary Education.

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Smart Irrigation and Agriculture System helps attain easy food production in climate change scenarios. In case of extreme weather conditions, you can easily grow fruits or vegetables using a nutrient solution that contains minerals instead of soil or breed crop varieties that are drought-resistant and disease-resistant. By making farming more connected and intelligent, precision agriculture helps reduce overall costs and improve the quality and quantity of products, the sustainability of agriculture and the experience for the consumer. To improve the crop Yield, we have to measure the important nutrient of the farm area. we have to used Innovative and latest technology such as Arduino, Cloud Technology, Multiple sensors for measuring Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium along with Wireless Sensor connectivity to design an Intelligent Smart Irrigation and Agriculture System. Using Blynk Wireless Sensor cloud data monitoring user can view real-time values. Controller and Sensors network are used to monitor and control the hardware devices present in the Farming Area. For Irrigation purpose water pump is controlled using Soil moisture sensor automatically. Smart Agriculture system is designed using a Highly Precision NPK sensors to measure the soil quality that is required for better crop growth. This data is processed using Micro-controller and sent to the wireless network using Cloud server. User can monitor this from anywhere

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 Keywords

Sensor Connectivity, Blynk Wireless Sensor, Cloud Data Monitoring, Sustainability, Intelligent Farming, Real-time Monitoring, Crop Yield Improvement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increasing concern over plastic pollution has driven research into sustainable alternatives, with calabash-based biodegradable plastics emerging as a promising solution. It has a fibrous gourd, is transformed into game-changing bioplastic, boasting strength, flexibility, and eco- friendly. Which is mainly plays a crucial role in creating environmental impact of calabash derived biodegradable plastics. The calabash pulp serves as the fibrous content in the bioplastic, which combined with natural plasticizers such as glycerol with this add acetic acid for gel formation, flexibility and mechanical strength. Additionally, calabash bioplastic offers potential applications in packaging, disposable items and films. The sustainable solution biodegrades rapidly, tackling plastic pollution and paving the way of greener industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Calabash, Bioplastic, Starch, Glycerol, Gel Formation, Mechanical Strength, Sustainable Solution, Disposable Item, Greener Industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The cement industry is a major energy consumer and contributor to CO? emissions. With the rise of Industry 4.0, integrating IoT with AI/ML provides a path toward energy optimization, predictive maintenance, and process automation. This study presents an AI/ML-driven framework utilizing IoT data for real-time monitoring and optimization of cement production processes. By implementing smart sensors, predictive analytics, and AI-driven process control, cement manufacturers can reduce energy consumption and enhance sustainability.

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AI/ML Solutions to Optimize Energy Consumption Using IoT Data in Cement Technology

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solar-powered, automated, multitasking agricultural robot designed to enhance farm efficiency by performing multiple tasks, reducing labor, and promoting sustainable practices. It aims to minimize manual labor and improve yield through autonomous operations like seeding, spraying, and potentially even soil analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Automation, Control System,Pir Sensors,Solar Panel, Micro controllers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition