Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Consumer satisfaction and consumerism are important concepts in the modern marketplace. Consumer satisfaction refers to the level of happiness or fulfillment experienced by consumers after purchasing or using a product or service. It depends on several factors such as product quality, customer service, value for money, reliability, convenience, and brand reputation. Consumerism, on the other hand, focuses on protecting consumer rights and promoting fair trade practices in the market. The growth of consumerism in India has been influenced by economic development, globalization, technological advancements, urbanization, and changing consumer lifestyles. While businesses aim to provide quality products and services to satisfy customers, consumerism ensures that consumers are protected from exploitation and unfair practices. Consumer awareness, effective complaint handling, and responsible business behavior play a significant role in improving customer satisfaction. Therefore, a balanced relationship between businesses and consumers is necessary for creating a fair, transparent, and efficient market system that benefits both consumers and producers.

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 Keywords

Consumer Satisfaction, Consumerism, Consumer Rights, Customer Service, Market Practices

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Blocks and other masonry components are made using Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC), a lightweight precast building material. Made from cement, lime, fly ash, and a gas-forming agent, it has a cellular structure with lots of air gaps, which lowers density in comparison to regular concrete. Properties including porosity, water absorption, and compressive and tensile strength are all impacted by the addition of aluminum powder. By assessing their mechanical and physical characteristics--such as density, water absorption, initial rate of absorption, compressive strength, stress-strain behavior, and flexural strength--and contrasting them with more traditional materials, this study investigates the possibility of using AAC blocks as an alternative to traditional masonry units.

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Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Using Aluminium Powder, compressive strength, water absorption, shrinkage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Expansive soils (especially black cotton soil) create major difficulties in geotechnical engineering because of their high swelling and shrinkage tendencies, low bearing strength, and poor workability. To overcome these issues, the present study examines the influence of adding iron ore tailings (IOT) (a waste material generated from mining operations) as a stabilizing component to improve the compaction and plasticity behavior of black cotton soil. The soil was blended with different proportions of IOT (0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% by dry weight) and evaluated through standard geotechnical tests such as the Standard Proctor Compaction Test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test, and Atterberg Limits (Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index). The experimental findings indicated that the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) increased consistently while the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) decreased with IOT addition up to 16%, reflecting improved compaction characteristics. This improvement is mainly due to the higher specific gravity and granular structure of IOT, which enhance particle arrangement and minimize voids within the soil mass. Regarding plastic limit, the liquid limit and plasticity index reduced as the IOT content increased. These changes suggest a decrease in clay activity and soil expansiveness, resulting from the dilution of clay minerals and reduced water absorption. With increasing IoT, the soil progressively shifted from highly plastic to moderately plastic behavior. In summary, incorporating iron ore tailings significantly improves the compaction properties and lowers the plasticity of black cotton soil, enhancing its suitability for applications such as subgrade layers and embankment construction. Additionally, this approach supports sustainable engineering practices by promoting the efficient reuse of industrial waste, offering a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable method for soil stabilization.

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 Keywords

Expansive soil, Iron ore Tailings, Soil Stabilization, Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article examines the gendered experiences of women during the upheaval of the Partition of India, focusing particularly on the violence, displacement, and social dislocation that shaped their lives. While conventional historiography has largely emphasized political negotiations and territorial divisions, women's experiences have often remained marginal within these narratives. Building on the feminist insights of Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin, the study emphasizes the importance of recovering women's narratives in order to understand how gender shaped the experience of violence, migration, and rehabilitation. The article highlights the multiple forms of violence directed at women, including sexual assault, abduction, forced conversion, and honour-based killings. These acts not only inflicted physical harm but also symbolized communal domination and humiliation. The analysis further explores how women remembered and narrated these events differently from men. As scholars such as Veena Das and Ashis Nandy have noted, women often retained the memory of violence through embodied experiences, producing narratives that reveal the emotional and psychological dimensions of trauma. By bringing these testimonies to the forefront, the article demonstrates the importance of oral history in reconstructing a gendered social history of Partition.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Partition, Women, Violence, Rehabilitation, Oral History

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is the biomarker of ovarian reserve and reproductive potential in female. Decreased AMH levels are associated with poor ovarian reserve, premature ovarian insufficiency, stress-related infertility, and reproductive ageing. Contemporary management options for low AMH remain limited. Ayurveda describes similar conditions under Artava kshaya, and Dhatu kshaya with predominant Vatainvolvement.Nasal route provides a unique pathway for rapid drug absorption due to its extensive vascularization and direct anatomical connection with the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal pathways. Nasya Karma,one of Panchakarma procedures in which medicine administered through the nasal route.influences the central nervous system and regulate Prana Vata. Considering the close relationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis and ovarian function, Nasya Karma plays significant role in improving AMH levels through neuroendocrine modulation. This article explores the probable Ayurvedic and modern mechanisms behind the role of Nasya Karma in enhancing ovarian reserve and AMH levels.

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Nasya Karma, Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Ovarian Reserve, Artava Kshaya, HPO Axis,Panchakarma

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Feminist film theory, Bollywood, gender performativity, ageism, representation, Indian cinema

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Introduction: The early stage of type-2 diabetes known as prediabetes, is the state in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. It strikingly resembles the premonitory sign and symptoms of Prameha. Fast-changing lifestyle and increased consumption of high-fat diets, junk food, and decreased physical activities with leisure have contributed to the rising burden of type 2 diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases. As per Ayurveda, Madhura, Guru, Abhiyshandi dietetic articles indicating indulgence in high-calorie diet along with the leisurely lifestyle that is devoid of physical exercise play a major role in the manifestation of Prameha. Ayurveda strongly emphasizes preventive and promotive aspects of health rather than curative. References regarding lifestyle intervention along with drugs have been mentioned in the classics in the context of prevention and management of Prameha. Aims: This review aims to bring into focus the role of Ayurvedic dietary and lifestyle guidelines for the patients of prediabetes and thus the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: To fulfill the objectives relevant to Ayurveda and modern literature, available research updates, and information on Google Scholar, Pub Med, Science Direct.com, Science.gov were searched and analyzed with keywords prediabetes, lifestyle modification, diabetes, Prameha. Result: Most of the research articles regarding prediabetes suggest that awareness regarding Pathya (nutrition health education) like Purana Shali, Yava (barley), Mudaga (green gram), and lifestyle modification can play a major role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Unhealthy lifestyle plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes hence lifestyle interventions can play a major role to prevent diabetes and its complications.

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 Keywords

Ayurveda, Lifestyle intervention, Pathya, prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes

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The swift proliferation of hybrid and multi-cloud infrastructures has dramatically expanded the enterprise attack surface, rendering traditional perimeter-based security models obsolete in the face of distributed, dynamic systems. Organizations now routinely deploy workloads across disparate platforms--including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and on-premises private data centers--introducing multifaceted security challenges such as fragmented identity management, inconsistent access controls, and heightened risks of lateral movement by adversaries exploiting trust relationships between environments. This paper introduces a comprehensive Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) framework tailored for hybrid and multi-cloud ecosystems, which dismantles implicit trust assumptions and mandates continuous, contextual verification of all users, devices, workloads, and network flows irrespective of location or network perimeter. The proposed architecture synergistically integrates three core pillars: (1) identity-centric access control leveraging federated identity providers (e.g., OAuth 2.0, OpenID Connect) with just-in-time (JIT) privilege elevation; (2) continuous authentication mechanisms that fuse multi-factor signals--including device posture assessments (e.g., compliance with endpoint detection and response tools), user behavioral analytics (UBA) via machine learning models detecting anomalies in access patterns, geolocation, and session risks--and real-time risk scoring to dynamically revoke or adapt privileges; and (3) granular micro-segmentation enforced through software-defined networking (SDN) and intent-based policies, creating ephemeral security zones that isolate workloads at the application, container, or workload level to preempt lateral movement. Cross-cloud enforcement is achieved via a centralized policy decision point (PDP) with distributed policy enforcement points (PEPs) that synchronize dynamic policies across providers using standardized APIs (e.g., AWS IAM, Azure AD, and Kubernetes NetworkPolicies). The framework also incorporates telemetry aggregation from cloud-native security tools (e.g., AWS GuardDuty, Azure Sentinel) for holistic threat visibility and automated response orchestration. To evaluate efficacy, we conducted rigorous experimental evaluations in a simulated hybrid cloud testbed comprising AWS, Azure, and a Kubernetes-orchestrated private cluster, emulating real-world attack scenarios such as privilege escalation, container escapes, and lateral traversal using tools like Atomic Red Team and MITRE ATT&CK frameworks. Quantitative metrics-- including mean time to detect (MTTD) intrusions (reduced by 68%), successful lateral movement attempts blocked (92% efficacy), and policy evaluation latency (<50ms)--demonstrate superior performance over baseline models like VPN-centric perimeters and static firewalls. Qualitative analysis highlights enhanced security visibility through unified dashboards and adaptive resilience against evolving threats, with scalability tested up to 10,000 concurrent workloads. This framework offers enterprises a robust, vendor-agnostic blueprint for securing hybrid/multi-cloud deployments, paving the way for resilient operations in an era of pervasive cloud adoption while minimizing operational overhead.

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 Keywords

Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), Hybrid Cloud Security, Multi-Cloud Interoperability, Micro-segmentation, Continuous Authentication, User Behavioral Analytics (UBA), Identity Federation, Lateral Movement Prevention.

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Faculty Development Programs (FDPs) play a vital role in enhancing the teaching competency and professional effectiveness of faculty members in higher education institutions. In the contemporary academic environment, rapid changes in pedagogy, technology integration, and learner expectations have increased the need for continuous faculty development. The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of Faculty Development Programs in improving teaching competency among faculty members. The study focuses on key dimensions such as pedagogical skills, subject knowledge enhancement, classroom management, use of innovative teaching methods, and adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching. The findings of the study reveal that Faculty Development Programs have a significant positive impact on teaching competency, particularly in enhancing instructional delivery, student engagement, and assessment practices. The study also highlights the need for regular, need-based, and practice-oriented FDPs to ensure continuous improvement in teaching quality. The results of the study provide valuable insights for academic administrators and policymakers in designing effective faculty development initiatives. The study emphasizes the importance of regular, structured, and need-based FDPs in promoting academic excellence. The study concludes that well-structured Faculty Development Programs contribute significantly to teaching excellence and overall institutional effectiveness.

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Faculty Development Programs, teaching, competency, innovation, commitment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Atmospheric visibility is an important indicator of air quality and is strongly influenced by aerosol loading in the atmosphere. Over the past few decades, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and increasing vehicular emissions have significantly contributed to aerosol pollution, leading to substantial visibility degradation across many regions of the world. Aerosol particles interact with solar radiation through scattering and absorption processes, which reduce the transparency of the atmosphere. Numerous studies have demonstrated strong relationships between atmospheric visibility and particulate matter concentrations, particularly fine particulate matter (PM?.?). Recent advances in satellite observations, ground-based monitoring networks, and atmospheric reanalysis datasets such as ERA5 have improved our understanding of the complex interactions between aerosols, meteorological conditions, and visibility. However, challenges remain in accurately quantifying aerosol contributions to visibility reduction due to regional variability, meteorological influences, and limitations in observational datasets. This review summarizes recent developments in aerosol-induced visibility degradation, discusses the key mechanisms involved, and highlights major research gaps and challenges for future investigations.

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Visibility, Aerosol, PM2.5, Solar radiation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition