Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Language has long been recognized as a powerful tool for shaping thought, identity, and societal structures. This paper examines two distinct linguistic systems--George Orwell's fictional Newspeak and the contemporary vernacular of Generation Z (born roughly between 1997 and 2012)--to explore their roles in either suppressing or empowering human expression. Newspeak, designed to limit freedom of thought in a totalitarian regime, exemplifies how language can be weaponized to enforce conformity and suppress dissent. In contrast, Gen Z slang, characterized by creativity, adaptability, and humour, reflects a dynamic response to digital communication and traditional authority. While Newspeak eliminates nuance to control minds, Gen Z slang expands linguistic possibilities, challenging norms and fostering community. However, this empowerment is not without challenges; certain slang terms risk excluding marginalized groups or perpetuating stereotypes. By analysing the parallels and contrasts between these systems, this paper highlights the dual nature of language as both a mechanism of oppression and a vehicle for liberation. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of understanding linguistic agency in an era defined by rapid technological change and evolving power dynamics.

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 Keywords

Language, Newspeak, Gen Z slang, linguistic control, freedom of thought

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Phishing sites are a long-standing cybersecurity threat that trick users into revealing sensitive data. This article proposes an implementation of a machine learning-based phishing detection system for the identification of phishing sites. The research examines various classification models such as classic algorithms, ensemble methods, and emerging trends and check their performance and accuracy, precision, and recall. Feature selection techniques and ensemble learning methods are used to optimize detection efficiency. Even with advancements, issues like model overfitting and the need for real-time detection persist. This paper addresses the practical application, experimental findings, and possible optimizations to make phishing detection systems more robust.

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 Keywords

Phishing, feature selection, ensemble learning, classification algorithms, Random Forest

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The creation of music that is suited to particular genres is now possible thanks to recent developments in deep learning, which successfully capture complex musical patterns. This paper presents a web application built using Django that uses Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to produce genre-specific compositions. The system uses sequence modeling to generate compositions that fit the musical styles of the six genres it is trained on (Classical, Blues, Jazz, Rock, Pop, and Country) using MIDI datasets. Coherence in the produced music is ensured by the model's efficient learning of melodic transitions, harmonic structures, and rhythmic variations. Evaluations attest to its capacity to produce works that are stylistically authentic while preserving the essential elements of each genre. With the help of the online application's user-friendly interface, users may create AI-powered music with ease. By integrating deep learning with web-based accessibility, this study highlights the potential of AI in music composition, demonstrating its role in automated, genre-specific creativity and expanding possibilities in AI-assisted musical innovation.

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 Keywords

Django, AI Music Generation, RNN-LSTM, Deep Learning, MIDI, Genre-based Composition, Machine-Generated Music.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A lot of work has been done in exploring problem-solving skills, whereas a few researchers have focused on student problem-solving skills in science. Most major approaches to problem-solving skills of scientists have focused on products to identify persons as having problem-solving skills. A total study of 16 was done in this research paper. Types of research were conducted by considering one variable and studying significant correlates of scientific creativity among school students. The research sub-topic of problem-solving skills varied in the period of 2017 to 2022. The sub-topics in this paper are problem-solving skills with school students, and science subjects like science, creativity, math, chemistry, and physics. Some of the research shows that a grouping mechanism helps the students to combine their attributes and work collaboratively towards the accomplishment of the group task. According to the findings, as pupils' grade levels improved, so did their computational thinking skills. To assist this development, it is formally recommended that computational thinking abilities be included in the curriculum beginning with preschool. Thus, the review of studies shows the research space in the suitable knowledge and gives direction for further research in problem-solving skills.

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 Keywords

Problem-solving skills, school education, science, creativity, maths, chemistry, and physics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Objective: Chronic pain (CP) is a major concern to health care professionals, society, patients, and negatively impacts Quality of Life (QoL). The present study identified the point prevalence of chronic pain in Kolkata, its impact on an individual's Quality of Life, unveiling the current treatment practices of Chronic Pain, and level of satisfaction with the treatment. Methods: This survey consisted of 2 questionnaires: One, screening questionnaire that assessed the prevalence of Chronic Pain, its frequency during the past week, the intensity of pain during the last episode, body parts of pain, the main causes, and a comprehensive questionnaire that evaluated frequency, demography, intensity of pain, and duration; the impact of CP on QoL, respondent's insight regarding the perspective of their friends, family, doctors, and neighbours toward their CP. Results: A total of 300 respondents were included from ten words in Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). The inclusive point prevalence of CP was 13%, and the mean intensity of pain on the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) was 7.05. Respondents who have chronic moderate & chronic severe pain were 35% and 65% respectively. Pain in joints (32%), back (29%), and keens (21%) were the most prevalent. Respondents with CP were no longer able to sleep, exercise, maintain good relationships with friends, neighbours, and family, and maintain a sovereign lifestyle. Almost 30% of the patients have lost working time of >=4 hours in the past 6 months. Preponderance (66%) of respondents was treated for CP with over-the-counter drugs, and most were taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, 90%). Conclusion: A significant population of Kolkata suffering from CP, and their Quality of Life is affected leading to some disabilities. Some proportions of respondents who were receiving CP treatment were taking non-prescription medicines with a majority of respondents on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A very few were consulting pain management specialists.

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Key Words: Chronic Pain, Urban Population, Quality of Life, point prevalence, impact on daily life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The immune system is a complex network that defends the body against pathogens and maintains homeostasis. It is broadly classified into innate and adaptive immunity, each with distinct mechanisms and roles. Innate immunity serves as the first line of defense, providing rapid, non-specific protection through physical barriers, phagocytic cells, and inflammatory responses. In contrast, adaptive immunity is highly specific, involving antigen recognition, memory formation, and long-lasting protection mediated by T and B lymphocytes. This comparative study explores the key differences and interconnections between innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting their complementary roles in immune defense. While innate immunity offers immediate response and recognizes conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), adaptive immunity requires antigen presentation and clonal expansion, leading to a delayed but highly specific response. The study also examines the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in bridging innate and adaptive immunity, ensuring a coordinated immune response. Recent advancements in immunology, including molecular and genetic insights, have provided a deeper understanding of how these systems interact in health and disease. Dysregulation in either system can lead to autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, or chronic inflammatory conditions. The integration of new diagnostic tools and immunotherapies targeting innate and adaptive pathways offers promising therapeutic advancements. This paper aims to provide a review on comprehensive comparison of innate and adaptive immunity of fish, reptile, mulluscs and amphibia.

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Innate immunity, Adaptive immunity, Immune response, Antigen presentation, Invertebrates Introduction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this project, we propose a comprehensive IoT-based system designed to prevent under- loading and over-loading of railway wagons. The system utilizes multiple sensors and modules to ensure efficient monitoring and alerts. Infrared (IR) sensors are employed to detect whether a wagon door is open or closed. A GPS module tracks the location coordinates of each wagon, ensuring monitoring of its journey. The system also integrates a GSM module to send alert messages under three critical conditions: underloading, overloading, and when the wagon door opens. These messages include the specific condition and the wagon's location coordinates. To alert nearby personnel, a buzzer is activated in such events. Additionally, an LCD display provides data visualization for onsite monitoring. An ESP32 Camera is used to capture images whenever a wagon door opens, and these images are sent to a designated Gmail account for further inspection. The weight of the goods inside the wagon is measured using a load cell, and this data, along with the wagon door status, is uploaded to the ThingSpeak IoT platform for remote monitoring and analysis. The Arduino UNO serves as the main control unit, orchestrating all the components to work seamlessly together. This system ensures enhanced safety and operational efficiency in railway freight management.

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IoT-based system, railway wagons, underloading, overloading, sensors, GSM module.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Heavy metal exposure poses significant risks to reproductive health, disrupting endocrine function and hormonal balance. In men, it is linked to infertility, necessitating improved diagnostic methods and clinical trials. In women, a nested case-control study using ICP-MS and advanced statistical techniques identified copper, cobalt, chromium, and rubidium as negatively correlated with fertility, while zinc had a protective effect. An interaction between copper and chromium was also noted. These findings highlight the urgent need for further research to elucidate mechanisms and develop preventive strategies for infertility caused by heavy metal toxicity. Heavy metal exposure from food, environment, and occupation poses risks to reproductive health. Contaminated food, pollution, and occupational hazards contribute to oxidative stress, sperm dysfunction, and infertility. Key metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium impair fertility, with trans-generational effects. Further research is needed to mitigate reproductive risks and develop preventive strategies. Advanced techniques like ICP-MS and BKMR are needed to analyze these interactions. Research on female fertility is limited, as metal mixtures may enhance toxicity or compete biologically. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for accurate risk assessment and effective prevention strategies. Shifting from single-metal studies to polymetallic research is essential for developing regulatory policies and therapeutic interventions to mitigate heavy metal-induced reproductive toxicity and safeguard human health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Metal Poisoning, ICP- MS, Male infertility, Female Infertility, Heavy Metal, Reproductive Issues.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in India, driven by environmental concerns and government incentives, has necessitated a deeper understanding of customer satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate customer satisfaction with EVs in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, using a sample of 100 EV owners. The research employs percentage analysis to identify key satisfaction drivers and structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships between various factors influencing satisfaction. The findings reveal that factors such as charging infrastructure, cost-effectiveness, vehicle performance, and environmental benefits significantly impact customer satisfaction. The study concludes with actionable insights for manufacturers, policymakers, and stakeholders to enhance EV adoption and customer satisfaction.

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 Keywords

Electric Vehicles, Customer Satisfaction, Charging Infrastructure, Environmental Benefits.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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