Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

All people share the experience of childhood independent of social divisions. Natural freedom belongs to every person starting from the moment of emergence because they exist. Governments do not grant these basic rights since they stem from human nature. The rights which belong to everyone start from conception. A foetus maintains rights which continue after birth even while inside the uterus before birth. Dignity can only be attained when people have human rights since these fundamental values form the foundation needed for personal growth and survival. These inherent rights provide all people equal access to reach their maximum potential as they transcendent every person and cannot be fractured.

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Human rights, children protection act, children rights, child labour

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Aushadha is mentioned in "Chikitsa Chatushpada" and success of any Bhishak or Vaidya depends on the quality of Aushadha (drug) used. In Ayurveda, Sneha Kalpana is an important Kalpana among Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana which is mentioned in different Ayurvedic texts. In this Kalpana active principles of the drugs are transferred into Sneha. Taila, Ghrita or like these other fatty substances are used as the base of Sneha Kalpana. Due to base like Ghrita or Taila that is used in Sneha Kalpana provides extra benefits to this form of drug to preserved for longer time and also enhances the drug's absorption. Mushikadi taila is unique formulation containing Dashamoola , Antravarjita mushika and other drugs. Mushikadi taila has been explained by Sushruta and Bhaishajya Ratnavali in the management of gudabramsha in kshudraroga adhikara. Vagbhata explained in atisara chikitsa adhyaya.In this article attempt is made to discuss the preparation and overview of mushikadi taila.

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Mushikadi taila, Sneha Kalpana, Guda bramsha, Antravarjita mushika

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Ants are known to be ecologically significant invertebrates in most of the ecosystems. Ants are classified in a single family, the Formicidae, within the order Hymenoptera, and are social insects that have evolved successfully since the Cretaceous. The known living ants involve 16 subfamilies, 296 genera, and 15,000 species, around 10,000 of which are described. Ants have colonized almost every landmass on Earth. Ants can be found in any habitat from the Arctic Circle to the Equator, although they are absent from Iceland. The present investigation was developed for the study of the functional diversity of ants and their community assembly in the PSGVP campus, Shahada. We have selected four different sites from the PSGVP campus, Shahada with diverse vegetation and divided them into four transacts as per the Shanon Wiveer index method to find out the relation between species composition with different transects. Species for the collection of ants used glass bottles having 70% alcohol. Some specimens were collected from soil core samples and hand-picking method. For specific identification different keys of identification were used including the Bolton identification guide to the ant genera of the world and the Bharti List of the Indian ants. For pictorial presentation photographs of ants were taken using a stereo zoom microscope and dissecting microscope by a Sony digital camera. In the present investigation, 11 species were collected and identified. Out of this subfamily, Formicinae showed dominance in the study area with six species followed by the Myrmicinae subfamily representing three species and a single species from Dolichoderinae and Pseudomyrmecinae.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Ant diversity, Formicidae, Social insect, Hymenoptera.

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Ayurveda depends largely upon the medicinal plants for the therapy. Kshara is the herbal extract of plants. According to Sushruta, in Ksharapaka Vidhi Adhyaya he has mentioned, Kshara is considered superior to all the Shastra karma and Anu-shastra karma because Kshara performs the work of chedana, bhedana, lekhana at a time and is tridoshagna. It is one among 25 Upayantra and one among 14 Anushastras. Acharya Sushruta is pioneer of Kshara Kalpana. Kshara has both therapeutical and pharmaceutical use that it can be used both internally and externally. He also mentioned 23 plants from which Kshara can be prepared. Kshara can be prepared from combination of many herbs or may be from single herb. Kshara is useful as internal medicine in different formulation. i.e., Kshara Gutika (tablet), Vati, Kshara-Ghrita and is also useful in external application directly as Kshara Pichu, Kshara Sutra, Ksharavarti. This alkaline preparation has many therapeutic usages and used in many surgical procedures. Kshara is useful as the substitute of surgical instruments, because it can be used safely on the patients who are afraid of surgery. It has been proved to be effective in treating many disorders like Dushta Vrana, Bhagandara, Arsha, Charmakeela, Ashmari, Gulma, Udara, Kushtha, Rohini etc. External application of Kshara is indicated in children, weak persons and decrepit. In this paper we have described the preparation of Snuhi Kshara.

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 Keywords

Snuhi Kshara, Tridoshaghna, Upayantra, Anushastra

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A Pilonidal sinus (PNS) is a disease that most commonly arises in the hair follicles of the natal cleft in the sacrococcygeal area and can cause discomfort, embarrassment and absence from work. It is more common in men (as they have more hair) than in women. Pilonidal Sinus has become a challenge to most of the surgeons due to its recurrence. This is commonly found in drivers and in sedentary workers. Due to constant sitting there is exertion on post anal region where the pits pull the hair inside the body to cause pilonidal Sinus. The most commonly used surgical techniques for this disorder include excision and primary closure, excision with reconstructive flap. However the risk of recurrence of developing an infection of the wound after operation is high. Also, the patient requires longer hospitalization and the procedure is expensive. There is a similarity between Shalyaja Nadivrana described in Sushruta Samhita and Pilonidal sinus. Acharya Sushruta has advocated a minimally invasive para-surgical treatment i.e, Ksharasutra procedure for Nadi Vrana. This treatment not only minimizes the complications and recurrence but also enables the patient to resume to the work quickly with less discomfort, as well as reduced cost. The patient attended Shalya Tantra OPD of Taranath Government Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Ballari was treated with the Paribhadra Kshara Sutra. The patient recovered well with complete excision of the tract within span of seven weeks.

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Shalyaja Nadivrana, Paribhadra Ksharasutra, Pilonidal sinus.

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Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of raised, itchy welts (wheals) on the skin. These welts can vary in size and may appear on any part of the body. Urticaria occurs when histamine and other chemicals are released from mast cells in the skin, leading to leakage of fluid from small blood vessels into the surrounding tissues in response to triggers such as allergens, infections, medications, stress, or physical stimuli like heat, cold, or pressure. In the present case study, female of age 50yrs visit in Ayurveda OPD had complaint of recurrent appearance of wheals with severe itching, redness and burning sensation, on whole body since 7months. She had associated complaint of loss of appetite, disturbed sleep and irregular bowel evacuation since 1year. She took allopathic treatment but doesn't get any improvement so she decided to switch on Ayurveda management for better cure and preventive care. On the basis of clinical presentation patient was diagnosed with Sheetpitta, type of Kushtha Roga so the line of management is based on Kushtha Chikitsa. After 2months of drug intervention Haridrakhand 5gm, TDS with warm milk, in combination with Gau Ghrita in dose of 5ml BD and Tab. Arogyavardhani vati 1tab BD, patient get significant relief in symptoms i.e. episodes of wheals, loss of appetite, dizziness, number of lesions is reduced. This is effective in reducing the progression of disease and improve quality of life of patient.

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Urticaria, sheetpitta, kushtha, haridrakhand, arogyavardhini vati, ghrit

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Traditional input devices such as physical mice and keyboards have served as the primary means of human-computer interaction (HCI) for decades. However, issues such as hardware wear, mobility constraints, and hygiene concerns have driven research toward alternative, touchless interfaces. This paper reviews recent advancements in vision-based techniques for virtual mouse and keyboard interaction, which leverage hand gesture recognition and eye-ball detection to provide a seamless, device-free control experience. We examine methodologies involving computer vision, deep learning, and heuristic algorithms, focusing on techniques that use libraries such as OpenCV, MediaPipe, and PyAutoGUI. A comparative analysis of various systems is provided based on performance metrics such as accuracy, latency, and user experience. Furthermore, key challenges--such as variable lighting, occlusion, and user variability--are discussed alongside future research directions including adaptive algorithms, multimodal interfaces, and enhanced model explainability. The results indicate that hybrid approaches combining machine learning with rule-based strategies yield promising improvements in both detection performance and interaction fluidity.

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Human-Computer Interaction, Virtual Mouse, Virtual Keyboard, Hand Gesture Recognition, Eye-Ball Detection, Computer Vision, Deep Learning, OpenCV, MediaPipe, PyAutoGUI, Touchless Interaction, Adaptive Learning.

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One of the major services provided by banks and other financial institutions is loan lending. Many bank customers seek loan from banks and approving loan requires various manual procedure checks. Loan approval requires the bank to check whether the customer is reliable and if the customer can pay it back within a stipulated time. A small manual error in this procedure can result in a huge amount of loss to the bank. Therefore making use of some automated techniques is more reliable. In this paper we make use of machine learning algorithm to predict whether the loan can be given to a particular customer or not, we initially look for the required features from the dataset and for the selected data we apply machine learning algorithm. This paper concentrates on Learning Vector Quantization algorithm for prediction. LVQ can be used for both classification and Regression Problems, in case of classification it is applicable to both binary (two class) and multiclass classification problems.

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 Keywords

Loan, Machine Learning, Learning Vector Quantization

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Civil wars, violent clashes (activities) and persecution of minorities take place in any country only when the inefficient government, corrupt administration and majority community in the said country are eager to run the country in the name of religion by disturbing communal harmony. These incidents have become common in Islamic countries (where religious fanaticism overthrew the democratic government) and one of them is Bangladesh. In this research paper, the events of Bangladesh in the 21st century will be studied in order and include its past and present violent (in the name of reservation) activities. Also, this article will throw light upon the each and every event which led to the mass movement and atrocities on the Hindu community due to the uprising in Bangladesh. This article will try to know how this civil conflict is a warning bell for India and what steps can India take to keep itself alert and safe?

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 Keywords

India, Bangladesh, Refugee Crisis, Citizenship, Quota system, Violence

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Investor behaviour is influenced by different psychological, economical, and demographical factors, shaping their preferences for various investment options. This study examines how investors choose between traditional investments (fixed deposits, gold, real estate) and modern financial instruments (stocks, mutual funds, bonds, cryptocurrencies). The research explores key determinants such as risk appetite, financial literacy, and objective of investing. Using a descriptive research design, primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from individual investors. The findings indicate that risk perception and financial awareness significantly impact investment choices. Low-risk takers preferred stable options like fixed deposits, while high-risk investors opted for equities, cryptocurrencies and mutual funds. Behavioural factors, such as mentality and overconfidence, influence decisions, sometimes leading to financial losses. The study identifies challenges like market volatility, lack of financial literacy, and limited access to professional advice. To address these issues, the research recommends enhancing financial education, promoting diversified investment strategies, and improving transparency in financial markets. These insights are valuable for policymakers, financial institutions, and individual investors, helping them make informed investment decisions for better financial security.

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 Keywords

Financial Behaviour, Risk Appetite, Financial Literacy

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