Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

India's rapid urbanization is transforming its cities, bringing both opportunities and challenges. With rising crime rates, increasing population density, and evolving urban conflicts, the task of maintaining law and order has become more complex. The traditional Superintendent of Police (SP) model, rooted in colonial-era governance, struggles to meet the demands of modern cities due to its dual-command structure, which often causes delays and inefficiencies. In contrast, the Commissionerate system offers a centralized approach, where a Police Commissioner wields both executive and policing powers, enabling quicker decision-making and more coordinated resource management. This paper examines the role of the Commissionerate system in addressing the challenges posed by India's growing urban landscape. Drawing from examples in Mumbai, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh, it highlights the system's ability to enhance crime control, improve citizen safety, and increase public satisfaction. However, it also acknowledges the limitations of the model, including concerns over potential misuse of power and resource constraints faced by police departments. While the Commissionerate system holds promise, its success depends on broader reforms that modernize policing as a whole. Updating archaic laws like the Police Act of 1861, establishing independent oversight bodies to ensure accountability, and fostering community policing are vital steps toward building trust between law enforcement and the public. Together, these measures can address the authoritarian tendencies of traditional policing and create a framework focused on public service and transparency. As urbanization accelerates, reimagining India's urban policing structures is no longer optional but essential. The Commissionerate system, when paired with meaningful reforms, has the potential to transform Indian policing into an efficient, inclusive, and democratic institution capable of meeting the needs of modern cities.

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 Keywords

Urban Policing , Commissionerate system

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The escalating frequency of crimes involving victims highlights the urgent demand for technological advancements to enhance public safety. This research presents a Real-Time Victim Audio Detection System based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. The innovative technology is designed to recognize distress calls from audio inputs, enabling immediate alerts to law enforcement for swift response. The system integrates audio feature extraction techniques, such as Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and spectrogram analysis, to classify audio signals and identify distress situations. The deep learning model, trained on a comprehensive data set including genuine and simulated distress audio samples, demonstrates high accuracy and robustness across various environments. The system's real-time capabilities ensure rapid detection and reporting, reducing response times and potentially preventing criminal acts. This innovative approach exemplifies the application of artificial intelligence to improve public safety by addressing the limitations of traditional surveillance and monitoring systems.

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 Keywords

Audio Detection, Crime Prevention, Real-Time Systems, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Distress Signal Recognition, Automated Alerts

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Education plays a vital role in creating values in a society and it is critical for future generations to uphold the value of skill education, which can generate capabilities, capacities, and a completely new experience of acquiring required skill sets that can lead to financial independence while also increasing economic growth. NEP 2020 encourages integrating traditional learning methods with vocational courses to enhance the employability of the students to meet the demands of the industry while keeping the quality of education intact. Integration of vocational education, multidisciplinary studies, apprenticeships and internships and entrepreneurship education were some of the key initiatives under NEP 2020. However, inspite of NEP 2020's elaborate measure to introduce skill based education in the Indian educational system, the following are the possible challenges skill-based education under NEP 2020 initiative could face- lack of necessary funding, inadequate infrastructure in most institutions, need for skilled trainers, institution and industry linkage need technological assistance.

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 Keywords

Skill based education, NEP 2020, employability, entrepreneurship.

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Quality in Education has been defined as excellence in education. Assessment and accreditation as an external quality assurance mechanism for higher education has emerged as the most widely accepted and adopted methodology throughout the world during the past decades. Leadership has an important role in Total Quality Management of an educational institution. A person who influences the group of people towards the achievement of goal is called a leader. This paper will discuss about the leadership style and leadership behaviour in Higher Educational Institution as desired by NAAC.

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Quality, Leadership, Assessment

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Summary '?????????? ??? ??????????' means a healthy body is the means of religion. This quote by the great poet Kalidas is absolutely true. Be it spiritual progress or worldly rise, both are possible only when the body which is its means is energetic. The importance of Ayurveda in the fitness and sustainable health of the body has been universally recognized in ancient Indian knowledge. Currently, the various horrors of Covid-19, which has arisen as a global crisis because of coronavirus, have once again made Ayurveda and naturopathy universally accepted. Ayurveda is a different part of our life. Ayurveda has an important role in the elimination of diseases. There is an interdependent relationship between nature and man. Nature is a boon given by God to man. All the units of nature - water, fire, sun, air and soil continue to benefit man in some form or the other. Our sages have wished for '????? ???: ????' i.e. to live happily for 100 years. Which is possible through proper healthy lifestyle and naturopathy.

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Naturopathy, Ancient Indian Wisdom, Fitness and Health, Natural Elements, Panch Mahabhuta.

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Mental health issues are increasingly prevalent, necessitating reliable and automated diagnostic tools. This study leverages survey and behavioral data to predict mental health illnesses using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Decision Tree algorithms. The system comprises two essential modules: Admin and User. The Admin module facilitates dataset management, preprocessing, model training, and performance comparison through visual analytics. The User module allows individuals to sign up, log in, and receive mental health predictions from trained models. By integrating various machine learning techniques, the system enhances diagnostic accuracy and model efficiency. This approach minimizes reliance on traditional survey-based evaluations while enabling real-time, user-friendly mental health detection. Machine learning-driven mental health prediction holds significant potential for expanding access to early assessment and intervention.

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Automatic Diagnosis, Early Detection, Behavioural Analysis, Data-Driven Prediction, Comparative Analysis, User-Friendly Interface, SVM, Random Forest, Decision Trees, Mental Health Detection.

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Susan Hill's The Woman in Black is a gothic novel rich in symbolism, which enhances its themes of fear, loss, and the supernatural. The titular character, the Woman in Black, serves as a potent symbol of unresolved grief and vengeance, haunting the living as a manifestation of past traumas. The isolated Eel Marsh House, with its decaying structure and oppressive atmosphere, symbolizes entrapment and the inescapability of the past. The recurring motifs of fog, darkness, and silence further amplify the novel's eerie tone, representing confusion, the unknown, and the suppression of truth. Through these symbols, Hill explores the psychological impact of unresolved sorrow and the enduring power of memory, creating a narrative that transcends mere ghost story conventions to delve into deeper human emotions and fears.

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 Keywords

symbols, gothic, narration, human emotions, haunt

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Civil services are the backbone of governance in India, responsible for policy implementation, administration, and public service delivery. They play a crucial role in nation-building by ensuring stability, enforcing laws, and executing welfare programs. However, inefficiencies such as bureaucratic delays, lack of specialization, and political interference have historically affected their effectiveness. This paper explores how the role of civil services has evolved post-2014, comparing it with the pre-2014 system and analyzing the impact of key reforms. Before 2014, India's civil services operated in a rigid structure characterized by seniority-based promotions, limited performance evaluations, and a slow decision-making process. Political interference in transfers and appointments often disrupted policy continuity. However, after 2014, major reforms aimed at making the system more transparent, accountable, and technology-driven were introduced. Initiatives such as Mission KarmYogi, lateral entry of experts, the minimum tenure policy, and e-governance platforms like CPGRAMS, Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT), and e-HRMS have significantly improved efficiency and service delivery. Despite these advancements, challenges remain. Some bureaucrats resist change, political influence persists in certain areas, and the full implementation of reforms is still in progress. This paper examines both the successes and limitations of these reforms while proposing strategies to further strengthen civil services for better governance. Overall, while India's civil services have become more effective post-2014, continuous efforts are needed to enhance their responsiveness, efficiency, and adaptability to modern governance needs.

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Civil Societies , Nation, Nation Building

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This study explores the perceived financial literacy among the Scheduled Castes in Ahmedabad. Data were collected from 667 participants using a structured, close-ended questionnaire distributed through Google Forms, focusing on 14 key areas of financial literacy such as understanding basic financial concepts, managing household budgets, and identifying financial products. The findings show that respondents generally rate their financial knowledge as moderate, with strong positive relationships among different literacy dimensions, indicating that those confident in one area often feel similarly across others. Interestingly, the results also suggest a cautious investment approach, as individuals with higher perceived financial literacy tend to invest a smaller portion of their salary. Moreover, family and friends, along with traditional media sources like newspapers, are the main channels through which respondents receive financial information. Overall, the study highlights the need for targeted financial education initiatives to empower this community and enhance their financial decision-making skills.

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 Keywords

Financial literacy, Scheduled Castes, Perception, Ahmedabad, Financial Behaviour

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This study has investigated the economic conditions of Self-Help Group (SHG) members in Chitradurga City by examining the changes in their socio-economic status before and after joining SHGs. The primary objective has been to assess the impact of SHGs on members' income levels, financial stability, access to microfinance, and overall livelihood. The research has utilized a descriptive design, incorporating both primary and secondary data. A sample of 125 SHG members from various socio-economic backgrounds has been selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data have been analysed through paired t-tests to identify significant differences before and after joining SHGs. The findings have indicated a notable improvement in the economic conditions of members, particularly in income levels, financial stability, and access to microfinance. A significant reduction in the number of members with low-income levels and an increase in financial stability ratings have suggested the positive impact of SHGs. Moreover, members' access to microfinance resources has improved substantially, with a marked increase in those reporting enhanced financial independence and entrepreneurial activities. However, some members have experienced minimal changes in employment opportunities and financial conditions. This study has highlighted the potential of SHGs in promoting socio-economic empowerment, particularly for marginalized women, and has emphasized their role in fostering sustainable economic development.

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 Keywords

Self-Help Groups, economic conditions, financial stability, microfinance

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