Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

This study investigates the influence of Instructor-Student Interaction on Student Engagement and Satisfaction in short-term online courses among Indian graduates. This is studied by examining the mediating role of Basic Psychological Needs (BPN), specifically Relatedness and Competence. The psychological mechanisms behind the interaction impacts on student outcomes are under-researched in Indian higher educational contexts, specifically for high intensity short-term courses. The study is grounded in the integrated theoretical frameworks of Community of Inquiry (CoI) and the Self Determination Theory (SDT). The data was collected through an online survey from a sample size of 114 Indian graduates enrolled in short-term online courses. Simple and multiple regression and mediation analysis conducted showed significant relationships between the variables. The interaction has a positive predictive power on BPN, Engagement and Satisfaction. The mediation analysis proved that the Relatedness and Competence act as critical bridge in the process of influence of interaction on outcomes. The findings suggest that the interaction is not just a tool for information delivery, but is a critical element for satisfying student's psychological needs. This study validates the integration of SDT and CoI in Indian higher education. The findings are a roadmap to educators and institutions to move toward a relational, supportive learning environment to foster student performance and well-being and reduce the drop out rates.

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 Keywords

Student Engagement, Course Satisfaction, Basic Psychological Needs, Short-term online course, Indian Graduates.

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Arvachina Sanskrita Natya Sahitye Virendra Kumar Bhattacharyasya Sthanam

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Arvachina Sanskrita Natya Sahitye Virendra Kumar Bhattacharyasya Sthanam

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Despite Article 21A and RTE Act 2009 guaranteeing universal elementary education, millions of Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe, migrant, and slum children remain systematically excluded from quality learning opportunities. This study surveyed 40 members from high out-of-school children areas using structured Google Forms questionnaire, documenting NGO interventions' effectiveness through bridge courses (62.5% success), remedial classes (55%), residential camps (45%), and parent counseling (85% effective). Primary barriers included distance greater than 2km (65%), dysfunctional toilets (42.5%), and documentation issues (30%). Post-NGO intervention, schools reported 60% dropout reduction, 85% girls' enrollment gains, and learning improvements (reading 87.5%, mathematics 75%). Government-NGO coordination rated "good" by 45% respondents. Findings establish targeted NGO convergence as scalable solution addressing RTE implementation gaps, recommending transport partnerships, maintenance budget reforms, and systematic Block-level convergence cells.

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Right to Education, marginalized children, NGO interventions, out-of-school children, dropout prevention, government coordination, educational equity

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Elif Shafak's The Architect's Apprentice offers a nuanced portrayal of the Ottoman world, where human and nonhuman lives coexist and interact in complex, often ethically charged ways. The paper examines the representation of animals in the novel, emphasizing how Shafak destabilizes anthropocentric perspectives and reconfigures conventional boundaries between humans and nonhumans. Animals in the narrative from elephants to domestic creatures are portrayed not merely as passive or decorative presences but as agents with their own forms of communication, memory, and influence on human affairs. By tracing these 'animal voices', the paper highlights the ethical, social, and narrative significance of nonhuman lives and interrogates human assumptions of dominance and control. Drawing on contemporary theories in posthumanism and critical animal studies, the paper argues that Shafak's work exemplifies the literary potential to reconceptualize interspecies relationships, foregrounding empathy, co-existence, and shared subjectivity. The novel challenges hierarchical human-centered frameworks, suggesting that ethical responsibility extends beyond human concerns. Through close textual analysis, the paper demonstrates that The Architect's Apprentice invites readers to reconsider their ethical and imaginative engagement with the nonhuman world, positioning animals as active participants in history, culture, and narrative.

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Posthumanism, Animal Studies, Nonhuman Agency, Ethics, Elif Shafak

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Inflammation and pain remain major clinical challenges despite the availability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and opioid analgesics, which are often associated with adverse effects, tolerance, or limited long-term efficacy. Coumarin, a privileged heterocyclic scaffold widely distributed in natural products and synthetic compounds, has attracted significant interest in medicinal chemistry due to its diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. In recent years, molecular hybridization has emerged as a powerful drug design strategy, wherein two or more pharmacophores are covalently linked into a single molecular entity to enhance biological activity, selectivity, and safety profiles. The integration of coumarin with other bioactive moieties through molecular hybridization has led to the development of novel hybrid molecules with promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential. This comprehensive review critically summarizes recent advances in the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological evaluation of coumarin-based molecular hybrids targeting inflammatory and pain-related pathways. Emphasis is placed on hybrids incorporating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, heterocycles, natural product-derived pharmacophores, and enzyme inhibitors. Mechanistic insights into cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, nitric oxide synthase, cytokine modulation, and oxidative stress pathways are discussed. Finally, current challenges, limitations, and future perspectives in the development of coumarin-based hybrid therapeutics are highlighted, providing valuable guidance for future research in inflammation and pain management.

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Coumarin; Molecular hybridization; Anti-inflammatory activity; Analgesic activity; Medicinal chemistry; Drug design

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Forest ecosystems harbours a diverse array of fungi, many of which serve ecological roles as decomposers or symbionts. However, a subset of these environmental fungi, particularly thermally dimorphic species, poses significant risks to human health when spores are aerosolized or introduced via trauma. This review synthesizes current knowledge on key forest-associated fungal pathogens, including Cryptococcus gattii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Sporothrix schenckii. These organisms thrive in soil, decaying wood, and plant debris within forested habitats, leading to diseases such as cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and sporotrichosis. Transmission occurs primarily through inhalation or cutaneous inoculation, with risk amplified by forest disturbances like logging or climate-driven changes. We discuss ecology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and One Health implications, highlighting gaps in surveillance and the need for integrated environmental monitoring. As global warming expands fungal niches, proactive strategies are essential to mitigate these underrecognized threats.

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Forest fungi, dimorphic pathogens, environmental mycoses, One Health, climate change, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis

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While financial inclusion is universally recognised as a cornerstone of economic empowerment, traditional paradigms frequently overemphasise formal educational attainment and standard demographic profiles as the primary catalysts for banking readiness. This study investigates the core determinants of active financial inclusion among earning youth in the Kamrup Metropolitan district of Assam, deliberately isolating the impacts of gender, educational qualification, academic discipline, and independent personal income. By applying a cross-sectional empirical design, the research evaluated a representative sample of active earning college and university students. The data was analysed using advanced parametric and robust non-parametric statistical models to establish that generating a monthly personal income act as the definitive catalyst for active financial integration, effectively overshadowing all other tested socio-demographic variables. However, independent t-test indicated demonstrated superior levels of financial inclusion among female youth compared to their male counterparts. The empirical evidence mandates a critical paradigm shift indicating the practical reality of securing an independent income as the driving agent to achieve financial inclusion.

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Financial Inclusion, Demographic Determinants, Earning Students, Assam.

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The aim of this paper is to introduce fine (g_? ) ?-quotient map using fine (g_? ) ?-closed sets and studied their basic properties. We also study the relation between weak and strong form of fine (g_? ) ?-quotient maps. We also derive the relation between strongly fine (g_? ) ?-continuous map and fine (g_? ) ?-quotient maps

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g-closed, g-open, fine -open

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Traffic congestion is a major issue in urban areas due to the increasing number of vehicles and inefficient fixed-timer traffic signal systems. This paper proposes an Adaptive IoT Based Traffic Signal Control System using Micro-Congestion Detection to improve traffic management efficiency. The system utilizes six Infrared (IR) sensors, with three sensors installed on each road, to detect real-time vehicle density. A microcontroller such as ESP32 or Arduino processes sensor data and dynamically adjusts the green signal duration based on congestion levels. Traffic data is transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform via Wi-Fi for real-time monitoring and analysis. Additionally, manual signal override is enabled using the Blynk mobile application during emergency situations. The proposed system reduces waiting time, optimizes traffic flow, minimizes fuel consumption, decreases air pollution, and enhances road safety. This intelligent approach contributes significantly toward smart city infrastructure development.

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IoT, Traffic Signal Control, IR Sensor, Microcontroller, ThingSpeak, Blynk.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The current research examines the preparation and evaluation of an herbal antifungal foot cream integrating Biophytum sensitivum, a traditionally treasured medicinal plant. Fungal infections of the feet, comprising athlete's foot, generally require extended topical treatment, while traditional synthetic antifungal agents may cause irritation, dryness, or sensitivity. To investigate a safer alternative, an ethanolic extract of the plant was prepared and subjected to prelim phytochemical screening, which established the presence of flavonoids, biflavones, isovitexin, phenolic compounds, saponins, and tannins affiliated with antifungal and antioxidant activity. Three cream formulations (F1, F2, and F3) comprising variable concentrations of the extract were formulated and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, spreadability, homogeneity, consistency, and stability of all three formulation. Amongst the tested preparations, F3 exhibited ideal stability and adequate antimicrobial performance. The outcome suggest that the advanced herbal formulation retains potential as an efficient and skin friendly substitute for antifungal foot care applications.

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Biophytum sensitivum, antifungal foot cream, herbal cosmetics, phytochemical screening, topical formulation, stability evaluation, foot care formulation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition